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Early Childhood Education (PAUD) is a stage of education that plays a crucial role in maximizing children's cognitive, social-emotional, motor skills, and creativity growth at their peak developmental stage. Children aged three to six learn efficiently through play, hands-on exploration, and interaction with their surroundings. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of loose parts media based on natural materials as a means to stimulate creativity in early childhood at PAUD Pelita Mandiri Kertek. This study adopted a descriptive qualitative approach and utilized data collection techniques such as observation, in-depth interviews with teachers, and documentation of children's work. The main focus of this study was on the use of various natural materials, such as corn cobs, twigs, pebbles, and leaves, in play and learning activities. The results showed that loose parts media using natural materials can enhance children's creativity by improving problem-solving skills, strengthening verbal skills in expressing ideas and telling stories about their work, and supporting independent learning because children are actively involved in the educational process. The open-ended nature of the materials allows children to explore and express their ideas freely, thus creating a learning atmosphere full of creativity, innovation, and fun. The implications of this research indicate that the use of loose parts media based on natural materials can be an alternative learning method that is not only effective, but also economical and easy to implement to support the development of children's creativity, independence, and thinking skills, in line with the principles of child-centered learning.

This study aims to 1). Observe and understand the stages of propagating F2 white oyster mushroom seedlings at Wairita Farm. 2). Compare the growth of F2 white oyster mushroom seedlings between corn cobs and a mixture of corn cobs and wood powder. 3). Improve the skills and add to the experience and knowledge of students so that they can apply the knowledge they have gained in the lecture hall. This study used a comparative descriptive experimental approach, which is to compare the growth of F2 white oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) seedlings on two different types of seedling media. This research was conducted at the Wairita Farm in Wairbleler Village, Waigete District, Sikka Regency, East Nusa Tenggara Province, over a period of 7 days (Monday to Sunday) during working hours from 08:00 to 16:30 with a break from 11:30 to 14:00. This location was chosen because it is an agricultural business unit engaged in the cultivation of white oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus ostreatus). The study period was 3 months, from September 17 to November 17, 2025. Independent variables and dependent variables. Data were obtained through direct observation of mycelium growth, daily recording during the incubation period, and visual documentation. The results of this study indicate that the success of white oyster mushroom F2 seedling propagation is greatly influenced by the suitability of the medium to the physiological and ecological characteristics of the mushroom. A mixture of corn bran and wood powder proved to be more suitable and is recommended for use in the propagation of F2 white oyster mushroom seeds compared to pure corn bran media.

An educational activity on the use of agricultural waste as animal feed through fermentation technology was held in Kapedi Village, Bluto Subdistrict, Sumenep Regency. The aim of this activity was to improve farmers' understanding and skills in processing agricultural waste, such as rice straw and corn cobs, into alternative feed that is highly nutritious and environmentally friendly. The methods used included interactive extension, practical fermentation feed production, discussion, and evaluation. The results showed high enthusiasm among participants, increased knowledge about fermentation technology, and successful production of fermented feed that was liked by livestock and had the potential to increase productivity. The main obstacles, namely limited initial knowledge and the length of fermentation time, could be overcome with technical assistance. This extension not only provides an economical and high-quality livestock feed solution but also supports sustainable agricultural waste management. It is recommended that fermentation materials be facilitated, advanced training be provided, and socialisation be carried out in other villages so that the benefits of this technology can be expanded.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Potassium Fertilizer and Chicken Manure on the Growth, Production and Potassium Absorption of Sweet Corn Plants. This study used a Randomized Block Design (RAK) consisting of 2 factors. The first factor is Potassium Fertilizer (K) consisting of 4 levels, namely:K0 = Control (Without fertilizer), K1 = 7.2 g/plot, K2 = 14.4 g/plot, K3 = 21.6 g/plot. The second factor of Chicken Manure Fertilizer (C) consists of 3 treatment levels, namely: C1 = 2160 g/plot, C2 = 2880 g/plot, C3 = 3600 g/plot. The results of this study indicate thatPotassium fertilizer treatment had a significant effect onplant height, weight of cobs with husks per plant, weight of cobs per plot.The treatment of chicken manure has a significant effect onplant height, weight of cobs with husks per plant, and weight of cobs per plot.The interaction between potassium fertilizer and chicken manure had no significant effect on all observation parameters.

This research was carried out using a qualitative method through a direct survey conducted in Tangga Batu Village. The main goal of this study is to utilize corn cob waste into an alternative fuel product in the form of briquettes that is more environmentally friendly. Corn cobs are one of the abundant agricultural wastes, but they are often not used optimally. Through simple innovations, this waste can be processed into alternative energy sources that have economic value while having added value for the surrounding community. The process of making briquettes begins with the preparation of equipment which includes a kiln, mold, drying container, mash tool, strainer, and scale. The main ingredient is corn cobs that are first dried in the sun for 3–4 days to reduce the moisture content by 10–20%. Additional materials used are tapioca flour as an adhesive, small amounts of diesel, and water. The next stage is to compose the corn cobs in the burning pit for 20–30 minutes until they become charcoal. The charcoal is then scraped using a simple tool and sifted to separate the fine and rough parts. The fine charcoal is mixed with a starch adhesive from tapioca flour, then molded using a simple mold and compacted through a pressing process to produce good quality briquettes. Next, the briquettes are dried in the sun for 2-3 days until they are completely dry and ready to be used as fuel instead of wood or kerosene. The results of the study show that corn cob waste has great potential to be used as an alternative fuel. In addition to being environmentally friendly, these products also contribute to reducing dependence on fossil fuels.

The use of Cr (Chromium) in industry and daily life produces toxic waste harmful to humans and the environment. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of activated carbon from corn cobs as an adsorbent for Cr(VI) heavy metal. Corn cobs, which contain 40–44% cellulose, were carbonized at 500°C using 6% sodium carbonate and characterized with an IR spectrophotometer. Adsorption tests were conducted by varying pH and contact time to determine optimal conditions. FTIR results revealed functional groups such as C≡C stretch, C=C=C stretch, and C–O bend. After activation, O–H groups appeared, indicating the presence of aromatic compounds, which are typical in activated carbon. The optimum pH for Cr(VI) adsorption was pH 4, with an adsorption rate of 65.35%. The optimum contact time was 60 minutes, resulting in 3.2% Cr(VI) adsorbed and a maximum adsorption capacity of 0.089 mg/g. In conclusion, corn cobs are a promising, eco-friendly, and effective natural material for adsorbing Cr(VI) heavy metal ions.

Margomulyo Village has a fairly large area of rice fields, plantations and dry fields where the majority of commodities are rice and corn. The existence of corn chips as a superior product and icon of village MSMEs can be drawn a line that corn cob waste is also wasteful. Briquettes are one of the waste management options where corn cobs contain high carbon materials. So that it can be used as a source of renewable energy for future needs. The purpose of making corn cob briquettes is to minimize waste disposal from corn cobs in Margomulyo Village.

Bacteria are microorganisms that require adequate media and nutrients to grow and develop. The media commonly used to grow bacteria is Nutrient agar media, but the price of Nutrient agar media is quite expensive. Corn cobs are lignocellulosic wastes that contain nutrients that can meet the nutritional requirements of bacterial growth media. This study aims to investigate the viability of corn cobs as a cost-effective alternative to Nutrient agar media. Specifically, we explore the variance in bacterial colony growth when utilizing corn cobs as a growth medium for Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. Employing a true experimental design with a posttest-only control structure, we analyze the treatment's effects using the One Way ANOVA test and Independent Sample T-test. These statistical methods enable us to discern differences between groups utilizing corncob media with and without added sugar.Our findings reveal noteworthy insights into bacterial colony growth. For Escherichia coli, the average number of colonies on corncob media with sugar was 222 CFU/ml, on corncob media without sugar, it was 164 CFU/ml, and on Nutrient agar media, it reached 361 CFU/ml. In the case of Staphylococcus aureus, colonies on corncob media with sugar averaged 871 CFU/ml, on corncob media without sugar, they averaged 657 CFU/ml, and on Nutrient agar media, they reached 942 CFU/ml.Statistical analysis using the One Way ANOVA test for both Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus demonstrated p-values <0.05, signifying significant differences in their growth on corncob media with sugar, corncob media without sugar, and Nutrient agar media. Furthermore, the Independent Sample T-test results for both bacterial strains yielded p-values <0.05, indicating dissimilar growth patterns on corncob media with sugar compared to corncob media without sugar.In conclusion, our study underscores significant disparities in the growth of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria among Nutrient agar media, corncob media with sugar, and corncob media without sugar. Notably, we observed a marked increase in bacterial colony counts on corncob media with sugar and corncob media without sugar.    

 Agricultural waste is often underutilized, despite its significant potential as a raw material for environmentally friendly products. This study aims to develop bioplastics from corn waste by utilizing locally sourced enzymatic technology as the main catalyst in the biomass conversion process. Corn waste in the form of cobs and post-shelling residues was first prepared through drying, grinding, and mild chemical pretreatment to loosen the lignocellulosic structure. Subsequently, enzymatic hydrolysis was carried out using local enzymes derived from indigenous microorganisms, which decomposed cellulose and hemicellulose into monomeric sugars. The hydrolyzed sugars were then fermented into natural polymers, molded using the solution casting method, and dried to form bioplastic sheets. The results revealed that the produced bioplastics possessed mechanical properties comparable to commercial PLA, with tensile strength of 45–50 MPa, an elastic modulus of 2.5 GPa, and elongation at break of 5–7. Biodegradability testing showed that the material degraded up to ±85 within 90 days, exceeding the minimum threshold of 80% considered satisfactory. These findings confirm that corn waste can be transformed into competitive and eco-friendly bioplastics, while also highlighting the potential of locally based enzymatic technology for industrial-scale applications. The implications of this research extend not only to reducing waste and plastic pollution but also to strengthening the circular economy through the utilization of renewable agricultural resources.

This article raises the topic of the use of janggel mushroom in Sukosari Kidul Village. The greatest potential in Sukosari Kidul Village is in the agricultural sector, which includes corn commodities. The abundance of corn, which increases continuously, is certainly accompanied by the waste generated due to its utilization, one of which is corn cobs. Corn cobs, as the residue from the corn harvest, have been used as a basic material for janggel mushroom cultivation. This article aims to describe the results in the form of new innovations regarding the processing of janggel mushrooms into nuggets. The method of processing janggel mushrooms into nuggets begins with direct observation of the community's condition and raw materials. The next step is to experiment with transforming the janggel mushrooms into a ready-to-eat derivative product in the form of nuggets. The production of this nugget-derived product is then used as training material for PKK members in Sukosari Kidul Village. That training was enthusiastically attended by 15 participants from PKK. Therefore, the researchers hope that this innovation can be utilized as a new idea for processed janggel mushrooms or as seeds of entrepreneurship in Sukosari Kidul.

This study aims to formulate the Application of Reverse Engineering And Redesign Method in making briquettes from corn cobs in South Sibalaya Village. Based on the results of this study, it shows that briquettes are alternative energy materials that are solid in form containing carbon, have a high calorific value. One of the advantages in developing corn cob briquette products is that it can increase sales by improving existing products or redesigning products, and minimizing shortcomings in order to meet needs, attract attention, and consumer satisfaction.  Meanwhile, from the external factor analysis, namely, the development of corn cob briquette products is one of the strategies, in order to maintain or increase its market demand.

Based on the experimental study about corncob conducted before, this village has managed to create a new breakthrough production of processed foods such as corn chips since 2003. The foods that use raw materials of corn is the only one in Probolinggo. Corn chips production as small industries is run by 7 women farmers starting in 2008. (Wahmuda, 2013). The problem of this industrial activity is unbalancing the marketing area with market demand that obstruct continues to increase. This causes decrease on the productivity of the industry. In addition corncob waste left over from a small industrial activities corn chips squashed every day as much as 60 kg. This would be a major obstacle when marketing targets to reach market demand. As a result of waste corn cobs will be more numerous and uncontrolled, even less the corn cob waste is only used as cooking fuel. This research includes experiments on corn cobs process is divided into several stages, namely the process of forming, heating, curing, mixing and merging material, as well as coloring. From the research-based experiments, it turns out corn cobs to have a variety of characteristics. The uniqueness and characteristics process of corncobs, can give some variant forms such as cubes, cylinders, triangles, and a chopped form. Of these forms can be created several patterns of merger between a very interesting form to be used as a hanging lamp shade products. In the manufacture of a hanging lampshade required supporting materials such as iron chandelier hook pipe diameter of 16 mm and an iron plate with a thickness of 3 mm. Innovation alternative these products will continue at the stage of the development process of product design by using corn cobs as raw material products with the hope to utilize more leverage on how to process forms such a way into a useful product in terms of people's needs, aesthetic value and become friendly products environment.

Based on the experimental study about corncob conducted before, this village has managed to create a new breakthrough production of processed foods such as corn chips since 2003. The foods that use raw materials of corn is the only one in Probolinggo. Corn chips production as small industries is run by 7 women farmers starting in 2008. (Wahmuda, 2013). The problem of this industrial activity is unbalancing the marketing area with market demand that obstruct continues to increase. This causes decrease on the productivity of the industry. In addition corncob waste left over from a small industrial activities corn chips squashed every day as much as 60 kg. This would be a major obstacle when marketing targets to reach market demand. As a result of waste corn cobs will be more numerous and uncontrolled, even less the corn cob waste is only used as cooking fuel. This research includes experiments on corn cobs process is divided into several stages, namely the process of forming, heating, curing, mixing and merging material, as well as coloring. From the research-based experiments, it turns out corn cobs to have a variety of characteristics. The uniqueness and characteristics process of corncobs, can give some variant forms such as cubes, cylinders, triangles, and a chopped form. Of these forms can be created several patterns of merger between a very interesting form to be used as a hanging lamp shade products. In the manufacture of a hanging lampshade required supporting materials such as iron chandelier hook pipe diameter of 16 mm and an iron plate with a thickness of 3 mm. Innovation alternative these products will continue at the stage of the development process of product design by using corn cobs as raw material products with the hope to utilize more leverage on how to process forms such a way into a useful product in terms of people's needs, aesthetic value and become friendly products environment.