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Sign language recognition is one of the areas of image recognition and image processing technology that is developing rapidly in human-computer interaction. This technology really helps the deaf and speech impaired in communicating with non-disabled people. This research aims to examine the optimization of an object tracking system in sign language using the Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) and Kalman Filter by including the Region of Interest (ROI). The proposed system consists of three main components, namely hand detection, object extraction, and classification. Hand detection is done using the Kalman Filter to track hand movements accurately. Next, Region of Interest (ROI) features, such as shape, direction and movement features, are extracted from the detected part of the hand. These features are fed into a Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) classifier, which can recognize sign language based on the extracted features. With the combination of GMM and Kalman Filter in this research, it can increase accuracy in object tracking, reduce interference from the background, and ensure the tracking focus remains on important objects. The dataset used is in the form os SIBI alphabet symbols, namely A-Z with the amount of data for each class, namely 620 images. Based on the research result, model testing using GMM, Kalman Filter and ROI produces higher accuracy of 99%, while model testing using GMM and ROI produces accuracy of 90%.

This study is intended to examine the pivotal function of youth-based organizations as a communication link between society and local governments, along with assessing how the delivery of these aspirations influences the quality of both the policy formulation process and its results at the regional level. A qualitative approach with descriptive analysis was applied in this research, where data were gathered through literature studies, document review, and direct observation of relevant social occurrences. The results highlight that youth institutions play a crucial part in gathering, sorting, and communicating various public demands, necessities, and expectations to the authorities in charge. Their active engagement contributes significantly to positive outcomes, such as enhancing the precision, suitability, and responsiveness of the policies drafted, while ensuring these regulations correspond with real conditions and community requirements. Moreover, involving youth groups reinforces policy validity and fosters greater transparency and accountability within local government administration. This research concludes that maximizing the function of youth organizations is a necessity to realize good governance and public policies that prioritize the common good and public interest.  

The muhadoroh activity in schools should serve to enhance students' self-confidence and social interaction skills. However, many students still experience anxiety and difficulty in communicating effectively in public. This indicates that muhadoroh activities have not yet fully optimized their role in supporting students' personal and social development. This study aims to explore students' experiences in participating in muhadoroh, describe its contribution to increasing self-confidence, analyze its role in developing social interaction, and identify the correlation between both. The study uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive design, collecting data through interviews and observations of eight informants, including students, OSIS administrators, OSIS advisors, and the principal at SMPIT Al Bina Purwakarta. The findings show that: (1) nervousness decreases through habituation and repeated practice, (2) muhadoroh activities contribute significantly to enhancing students' self-confidence, (3) it strengthens social interactions through collaboration and discussion, and (4) there is a positive relationship between self-confidence and the quality of social interactions. This research enriches the study of experiential learning in Islamic education and is expected to serve as a reference for optimizing muhadoroh activities in schools.

This study aims to analyze the effect of work stress and work environment on employee performance with job satisfaction as a mediating variable at PT X. This study uses a quantitative approach with a census method of 198 employees at PT X. Data were collected through an online questionnaire (Google Form) and analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling based on Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS) with the help of SmartPLS 4.0. Based on the results of the analysis that has been done, it was found that work stress has a negative and significant effect on employee performance. Meanwhile, the work environment has a positive and significant effect on employee performance. In addition, work stress has a negative and significant effect on job satisfaction. Then, the work environment has a positive and significant effect on job satisfaction, while job satisfaction has a significant effect on employee performance. In addition, job satisfaction is able to mediate the effect of work stress and work environment on employee performance. This study provides a theoretical contribution to strengthen the understanding of the role of job satisfaction as an important mechanism that connects work stress and work environment with employee performance. Management needs to manage work stress through a balanced workload and system arrangement and create a safe and comfortable work environment to improve employee satisfaction and performance. These findings underscore the importance of job satisfaction as a basis for formulating human resource policies. This study is limited by the number of respondents, which is not fully representative of the entire population due to difficulties in communicating with employees. Furthermore, limited access to the research location, which is located outside of Yogyakarta, resulted in the distribution and collection of questionnaires being conducted only through long-distance communication. Future researchers are advised to add other variables and use research subjects from different industrial sectors to obtain a more comprehensive and comparable understanding.

This study was designed to create a visual communication medium in the form of a video mapping depicting the institutional change process from the Nahdlatul Ulama Institute of Technology and Science (ITSNU) Pasuruan to the Nahdlatul Ulama University of Pasuruan (UNU Pasuruan). This institutional status change represents a strategic moment that needs to be communicated to the public through a creative and engaging media approach. The research approach used the Research and Development (R&D) method, referring to Sugiyono's development framework, which consists of ten stages: identification of potential and problems, data collection, product design, design validation, design refinement, product testing, product refinement, implementation trials, final product revisions, and mass production (if necessary). Data collection techniques included in-depth interviews, field observations, documentation studies, and validation by media and content experts. The research output is a video mapping product, approximately 7 minutes in length, that has undergone a validation process and is deemed suitable as a means of communicating institutional change. This product is expected to serve both as a visual archive and as a more effective and communicative institutional promotion instrument.

This study explores how social media–driven green marketing shapes sustainable consumer behavior through a systematic literature review. As concerns about sustainability intensify alongside rapid digital engagement, social media has emerged as a crucial platform for communicating environmental initiatives and influencing consumer responses. Despite this relevance, existing studies remain fragmented across theoretical, contextual, and methodological perspectives, limiting a holistic understanding of the topic. Using the PRISMA approach, this research reviews 42 empirical articles sourced from the Scopus database and analyzes them through the TCCM (Theory–Context–Characteristics–Method) framework. The findings show that most studies rely on intention-based theories, particularly the Theory of Planned Behavior, although there is a growing shift toward integrating social, psychological, and technology-oriented approaches. From a contextual standpoint, the literature is largely concentrated in Asian regions and younger demographics, which restricts broader generalization. Furthermore, results indicate that social media–driven green marketing does not directly affect sustainable behavior but works through important psychological mediators such as trust, engagement, and perceived value. These factors significantly influence how consumers interpret and respond to environmental messages online. The effectiveness of such marketing strategies is also shaped by cultural and demographic differences, making context a critical factor. Methodologically, most studies employ cross-sectional surveys and structural equation modeling, limiting the ability to capture causal and dynamic relationships. Overall, this study provides a structured synthesis, highlights research gaps, and suggests future directions, including cross-cultural analysis, stronger theoretical integration, and more rigorous research designs.

Young people today live in a digital culture that makes social media the main space for communicating, forming identities, and finding meaning in life. In such situations, catechesis needs to adjust itself to remain relevant and able to reach them effectively. The use of social media opens up opportunities for the Church to present catechesis that is more interactive, visual, and contextual through various forms such as short videos, infographics, live broadcasts, and online discussions. A qualitative approach through literary studies and indirect observation shows that social media can increase the involvement of young people in faith formation because it is flexible and easily accessible. However, the use of social media also presents pastoral challenges, such as the potential for superficiality of content and a lack of deep appreciation of faith. Therefore, critical assistance and integration between digital catechesis and real community life are needed so that the faith of young people is sustained and strengthened in the life of the Church.

Students with deaf disabilities often have difficulty understanding verbal instruction, but have significant advantages in visual and motor aspects. This service activity aims to apply multisensory methods through Suminagashi craft art training (cloth marbling) to improve students' fine motor skills and creativity at SLB B Yakut Purwokerto. The implementation method uses a descriptive qualitative approach with a "see-learn-do" strategy involving 20 high school students. The learning process integrates visual stimulation through structured demonstrations and tactile stimulation through the exploration of material textures. The results of the activity showed that the multisensory approach was effective in bridging the barriers of deaf students with disabilities in communicating due to hearing limitations. Students demonstrate a high level of visual focus and are able to replicate marble motif making techniques with precision without relying on complex verbal explanations. The combination of cue instructions and direct touch experiences has been proven to minimize miscommunication and improve understanding of abstract concepts of the material. This activity recommends the use of visual-tactile strategies as an adaptive inclusive learning method to support the vocational independence of deaf people.          

This study aims to explore the influence of formal language skills on the use of slang among first-semester students in the English Language and Literature Education Program at Muhammadiyah University Maumere. The method used in this study is a descriptive qualitative approach with subjects consisting of first-year students. Information was collected through observation, questionnaire distribution, and brief interviews about daily language use habits and academic contexts. The findings of this study indicate that the majority of students actively use slang when interacting informally, especially when communicating with peers and on social media platforms. The use of slang serves as a way to express identity, build social solidarity, and facilitate social adjustment. However, deficiencies in formal language skills make it difficult for some students to recognize the appropriate use of language in context, so that elements of slang often creep into academic situations, such as in class discussions and assignment writing. This study concludes that formal language skills have an impact on the use of slang. Students with high formal language skills tend to be better at switching between language varieties according to context, while those with low formal skills are at greater risk of mixing them up.

This study aims to explore the influence of formal language skills on the use of slang among first-semester students in the English Language and Literature Education Program at Muhammadiyah University Maumere. The method used in this study is a descriptive qualitative approach with subjects consisting of first-year students. Information was collected through observation, questionnaire distribution, and brief interviews about daily language use habits and academic contexts. The findings of this study indicate that the majority of students actively use slang when interacting informally, especially when communicating with peers and on social media platforms. The use of slang serves as a way to express identity, build social solidarity, and facilitate social adjustment. However, deficiencies in formal language skills make it difficult for some students to recognize the appropriate use of language in context, so that elements of slang often creep into academic situations, such as in class discussions and assignment writing. This study concludes that formal language skills have an impact on the use of slang. Students with high formal language skills tend to be better at switching between language varieties according to context, while those with low formal skills are at greater risk of mixing them up.

The development of education in the digital era requires students to master not only academic skills, but also soft skills and hard skills as a provision to face the challenges of education and the world of work. However, the learning process at Papua High School in Sorong City is still teacher-oriented, so students' communication courage and technological skills have not developed optimally. This community service activity aims to empower students through public communication training (public speaking) and computer network cable techniques to strengthen 21st century skills. The method used is a participatory approach with hands-on practice through four stages: observation, socialization, training, and evaluation. Public speaking training is focused on increasing students' courage and confidence in communicating, while network cable training emphasizes basic technical skills such as recognizing cable types, RJ-45 connector functions, crimping techniques, and connectivity testing. The results of the activities showed high participation and enthusiasm from students, as well as increased public speaking courage and basic understanding in network cable making. The integration of public communication training and technology skills has been proven to have a positive impact on the development of student competencies. Therefore, this activity is recommended as a model for developing soft skills and hard skills for high school students, especially in areas with limited access to technology learning.

English is an international language that plays an important role for students in the era of globalization; however, speaking anxiety or fear of speaking remains a major obstacle in academic practice within higher education institutions. This anxiety emerges as a complex psychological phenomenon involving cognitive, affective, and social aspects, rather than merely an issue of language proficiency. This study examines the problems faced by students, particularly those majoring in non English disciplines, in overcoming speaking anxiety in English academic settings. A descriptive qualitative approach was employed, with data collected through semi-structured interviews involving students of PASIM National University who exhibited varying levels of speaking anxiety. The data were analyzed using qualitative analysis techniques to identify emerging patterns and themes.The findings indicate that speaking anxiety is caused by fear of making pronunciation and grammatical errors, concern about receiving negative evaluations, limited vocabulary, and a lack of experience in communicating in English. These conditions are further exacerbated by limited opportunities for speaking practice, non-interactive learning methods, and insufficient support from teachers and peers. Students developed adaptive strategies such as relaxation techniques, thorough preparation, positive self-talk, and consistent language practice. To create a safe learning environment in which students can speak English effectively, this study proposes learning strategies that are more inclusive, supportive, and grounded in psychological principles.  

The rapid development of communication technology in the digital era has had a significant impact on people's interaction patterns. One of the important aspects in this case is its influence on communication behavior, both in social, economic, and political life. The Electronic Information and Transaction Law (UU ITE) which was passed in Indonesia in 2008, acts as a regulation to regulate the use of communication technology, especially in cyberspace, with the aim of protecting the public from misuse of technology such as defamation, fraud, and hate speech. This research aims to analyze how the influence of the ITE Law on changes in community interaction patterns in digital space, both positively and negatively. Research results show that although the ITE Law provides a clear legal framework, there are challenges in its implementation that have the potential to hinder freedom of opinion and change the way people interact online. On the other hand, this regulation also spurs the public to be more careful and responsible in communicating through digital platforms.  

The training on computer network cabling conducted in schools serves not only to enhance students’ technical competencies but also functions as a strategic medium for developing collaborative attitudes, technological independence, and religious social harmony. Based on the community service activities carried out at SMA Negeri 3 Kota Sorong, the training integrated LAN cabling practice, the introduction of network devices, and guided sessions through observation, socialization, practicum, and evaluation. Throughout these stages, students gained direct experience in crimping, attaching RJ-45 connectors, testing cables with LAN testers, and simulating network configurations, which collectively strengthened their technical mastery. From the perspective of the sociology of religion, the training created a shared learning environment where students of diverse religious backgrounds collaborated equally in completing collective technical tasks. Values such as mutual respect, cooperation across differences, and social solidarity were visibly demonstrated as students helped one another in solving cabling-related challenges. Evaluation results indicate that participants became more independent in completing technical tasks and more open in communicating and interacting with peers of different beliefs. These findings emphasize that technology training can serve as a constructive medium for fostering religious social harmony and character building through practical experiences and meaningful social interaction.

This study was conducted to understand how parenting styles significantly influence the process of shaping children’s behavior. The method used in this research was a qualitative approach, with data collection carried out through interviews and direct observation of participants aged 10–18 years who live in Cicendo District, Bandung. Based on the results conveyed by several participants, it can be seen that parenting styles play a very important role in children’s growth and development as well as in the formation of their emotional conditions. Parents who play a positive role such as giving more attention, communicating well, and providing full support tend to build positive responses and emotional stability in children. This helps shape a healthy personality and creates a comfortable home environment that makes children feel safe. In contrast, parents who display negative roles and parenting styles such as being harsh, lacking attention, and frequently engaging in conflict tend to make children feel pressured and lack self confidence due to unmet emotional support. As a result, children may limit their relationship with their parents, which leads to emotional instability. Overall, the discussion shows that the family is the primary foundation for children, as their growth and development are strongly influenced by how parents fulfill their roles in shaping children’s personalities, which ultimately impacts their lives in the future.

This study aims to describe the implementation of scientific learning strategies in the 2013 Curriculum in Islamic Religious Education and its impact on the activeness of third-grade students at SD Negeri 101765 Bandar Setia. This research employed a qualitative approach with a phenomenological design. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation, and analyzed using data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing techniques. The results indicate that the application of scientific learning steps (5M), namely observing, questioning, collecting information, associating, and communicating, effectively enhances students’ activeness in asking questions, participating in discussions, and communicating learning outcomes. The learning process becomes more interactive, enjoyable, and meaningful. However, several challenges remain, including limited instructional time, differences in students’ literacy abilities, and less conducive classroom conditions. Therefore, more structured lesson planning and adaptive learning strategies are required to achieve optimal learning outcomes in Islamic Religious Education.

Public relations management is a strategic approach employed by the Ministry of Tourism and Creative Economy (Kemenparekraf) in providing public information related to tourism. This study aims to analyze the public relations management process of Kemenparekraf in disseminating tourism-related public information by using a descriptive qualitative approach and the public relations management theory proposed by Cutlip, Center, and Broom. Research data were obtained through in-depth interviews, literature review, and observation. The results indicate that Kemenparekraf implements the four stages of public relations management comprehensively: defining public relations problems, planning and programming, taking action and communicating, and evaluating the program. Kemenparekraf utilizes various digital and conventional platforms to disseminate tourism information, with an emphasis on transparency, accuracy, and information accessibility. The implementation of the Public Information Disclosure Act is also a major focus, including the provision of information that must be periodically disclosed, immediately announced, and available at all times. Effective public relations management enables Kemenparekraf to address challenges in the dissemination of complex and dynamic tourism information and to ensure equitable access to tourism information for various stakeholders, thereby supporting sustainable tourism development in Indonesia.

People with disabilities continue to experience barriers in accessing education, employment, and social participation, requiring active government involvement through inclusive programs. One such initiative is the International Disability Day event organized by the South Tangerang City Social Service in collaboration with Rumah I’m Star. This study aims to analyze the public relations activities of the South Tangerang City Social Service by examining problem identification, planning, implementation, and interpretation in organizing the event. The research is based on the public relations model of Cutlip, Center, and Broom, which includes four stages: defining the problem, planning and programming, taking action and communicating, and evaluating the program. A qualitative approach with a descriptive method was employed. Data were collected through interviews, observations, and documentation, involving purposively selected informants from the Public Relations Division of the Social Service, the founder of Rumah I’m Star, beneficiaries, and public relations experts. The findings show that the Social Service identified low public awareness of disability issues as the main problem and responded by developing a collaborative communication strategy with Rumah I’m Star. The activities implemented included art performances, talk shows, and a bazaar showcasing the works of persons with disabilities, which were disseminated digitally. Program evaluation was conducted internally without standardized measurement instruments, limiting interpretation to event outcomes and participant involvement. Overall, the study concludes that these public relations efforts enhanced government communication and promoted inclusion awareness, although broader public engagement is needed for sustainable impact.

The postmodern era has significantly reshaped the way truth is understood, shifting it from an absolute and binding concept to one that is perceived as relative, personal, and context-dependent. This shift has had a profound impact on Generation Z, who have grown up in a digital, pluralistic, and rapidly changing cultural environment. Within this context of increasing truth relativism, the church faces a critical challenge: how to faithfully uphold and teach the absolute truth of the Gospel while remaining relevant to Generation Z, whose worldview is shaped by postmodern patterns of thought. This article examines the concrete challenges encountered by the church amid truth relativism, explores the role and strategies of the church in communicating absolute truth in ways that are meaningful to Generation Z, and proposes practical approaches that can be implemented by local churches today. Employing a literature review methodology, this study engages a range of academic and theological sources related to postmodernism, truth relativism, and faith formation among Generation Z. The findings suggest that the church’s relevance is not achieved through compromising truth, but through presenting the truth of Christ in a contextual, dialogical, and loving manner grounded in authentic relationships. Consequently, the church is called to be a community that not only proclaims truth but also lives it out in tangible ways within the lives of Generation Z.

Social and environmental responsibility as part of business ethics. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is an important strategy in building and maintaining a company's image in the public eye. This study aims to analyze how the CSR strategy implemented by PT. Kompas Gramedia through the Kampung Koran program maintains the company's image. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach. Data collection techniques were carried out through in-depth interviews and documentation. The theory used is the CSR strategy from Coombs and Holladay which includes five stages: scanning, conducting, creating, communicating, and evaluating. In addition, the image formation theory from John M. Tiedemann was also used to analyze the process of forming a company's image. The results show that the Kampung Koran Program of PT. Kompas Gramedia demonstrates a planned and participatory CSR strategy. Through scanning and monitoring as well as conducting formative initiatives, the company is able to map community needs and design programs based on local potential. At the create CSR stage, the focus is directed at empowering housewives with skills in processing used newspapers, then strengthened through communicate CSR with communicative narrative techniques that touch public emotions, and is periodically evaluated at the evaluation stage to maintain relevance and sustainability. This process contributes directly to the formation of the company's image. Starting with a creative idea to recycle newspapers, a positive perception emerged that the program brings tangible benefits.