Publication Search

This study examines the gap between Nestlé’s sustainability commitments and the reality of ecological damage caused by the use of unsustainable raw materials in its global supply chain. Using a descriptive qualitative approach based on literature reviews and case study analysis, this study evaluates various data sources, ranging from scientific journals and corporate reports to documentation from independent organizations such as Greenpeace and the Rainforest Action Network. Findings indicate that Nestlé’s procurement of key commodities such as palm oil, cocoa, soy, dairy products, and singleuse plastics significantly contributes to deforestation, systemic plastic pollution, water extraction in vulnerable regions, and greenhouse gas emissions exceeding 87.5 million tons of CO₂e per year. In Indonesia, these highrisk areas are evident in palm oil sourcing in Sumatra and Kalimantan and cocoa sourcing in Sulawesi. Theoretically, this study argues that Nestlé’s sustainability governance exhibits a pattern of strategic decoupling, where public reporting on progress in primary supply chains is deliberately used to mask ongoing environmental damage within their hidden supply networks. Thus, this article makes a critical contribution by integrating supply chain management theory, environmental accountability, and the governance of multinational corporations.

The plantation sector is one of the main pillars in Indonesia’s international trade. Commodities such as palm oil, rubber, coffee, and cocoa serve as leading export products that contribute significantly to the country’s foreign exchange earnings. This study aims to analyze the role of plantation commodity exports in Indonesia’s international economic performance and to identify the challenges faced. The method used is a descriptive qualitative approach through literature review from various scientific sources. The results indicate that plantation exports contribute substantially to economic growth, employment generation, and the stability of the trade balance. However, several challenges persist, including global price fluctuations, sustainability issues, and international trade barriers. Therefore, strategic policies are required to enhance the competitiveness of Indonesia’s plantation commodities in the global market.

Ibuprofen is an antipyretic and anti-inflammatory drug classified as Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) class II, characterized by low water solubility and high permeability. Its limited solubility may reduce the dissolution rate and influence therapeutic effectiveness. This study aimed to formulate ibuprofen suppositories using cocoa butter (oleum cacao) as the suppository base through the melting method. Each suppository was prepared with a total weight of 2500 mg containing 125 mg ibuprofen, oleum cacao as the base, tween 80 as an emulsifier, and liquid paraffin as a mold lubricant. Before formulation, a displacement value test was performed to determine the exact amount of base required. The prepared suppositories were evaluated through organoleptic examination, weight uniformity, melting time, and dissolution testing. The evaluation results demonstrated that the suppositories possessed acceptable physical characteristics, uniform weight distribution, appropriate melting properties, and satisfactory dissolution behavior. Based on these findings, ibuprofen suppositories formulated with oleum cacao fulfilled pharmaceutical quality requirements in accordance with the Indonesian Pharmacopoeia standards.

Cocoa is recalcitrant seed which it has the high water content and the deterioration goes quickly. The distribution of cocoa seed need longer time and it will decrease the quality of cocoa seed and cocoa seedling. The research aimed to determine of effectiveness seed soaking with Beauveria bassiana after storage during the distribution of seed. This research was conducted in Indonesian Cofee and Cocoa Research Institute. The research was conduct using randomized complete block design with a factorial arrangement. First  factor was the  storage period  of two days (L2), three days (3 hari), four days (L4), five days (L5), six (L6) and seven days (L7). The second factor was seed soaking with Beauveria bassiana (B1) and seed soaking with fungicide (B0). The result showed that storage periode had significant effect on  plant height and stem diameter. Seed soaking with Beauveria bassiana showed significant effect on plant height. The interaction between storage periode and seed soaking with Beauveria bassiana had no significant effect on the height of seedling, stem diameter and leaf number of seedling. 

Cocoa fruit is one of the crops with a long history in Indonesia. Cocoa powder and chocolate are among the export commodities processed from cocoa fruit. Currently, cocoa product exports fluctuate annually. The challenges faced in cocoa product exports are diverse. This study aims to analyze the performance of cocoa product exports in the global market. The data used in this study was obtained from UN Comtrade and the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) from 2006 to 2024. The methods used in this study include Revealed Symmetric Comparative Advantage (RSCA) and Export Competitiveness Index (ECI). The results show that the export performance of cocoa powder is relatively good, while that of chocolate is not so good. This is based on the RSCA and ECI values of cocoa powder, which are better than those of chocolate. The average RSCA value of cocoa powder is 0.62, while the average RSCA value of chocolate is -0.93. The average ECI value for cocoa powder is 0.95 and the average ECI value for chocolate is 0.97. One of the factors contributing to the good export performance of cocoa powder is that the export value of cocoa powder is higher than that of chocolate. Strict safety standards in export destination countries also pose a barrier to chocolate exports