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Stunting is a chronic nutritional problem that affects children's growth and development and remains a major public health challenge. Posyandu plays a strategic role in the prevention and early detection of stunting through community-based basic health services. This community service activity aims to optimize the role of Posyandu as a strategy for preventing and detecting stunting early in Nagreg Village, Banten. The methods used include anthropometric measurements of children aged 0–59 months and health education on nutrition for parents and Posyandu cadres. Data analysis was conducted descriptively based on age groups. The results show that out of 32 children examined, 37.5% showed indications of stunting risk. This finding suggests that the integration of growth monitoring and nutrition education at Posyandu has the potential to be an effective strategy for the prevention and early detection of stunting, as well as to support the improvement of children's health quality. This activity also enhances parents' and Posyandu cadres' understanding of the importance of monitoring nutritional status to prevent stunting more effectively.

Stunting is a chronic nutritional problem that affects children's growth and development and remains a major public health challenge. Posyandu plays a strategic role in the prevention and early detection of stunting through community-based basic health services. This community service activity aims to optimize the role of Posyandu as a strategy for preventing and detecting stunting early in Nagreg Village, Banten. The methods used include anthropometric measurements of children aged 0–59 months and health education on nutrition for parents and Posyandu cadres. Data analysis was conducted descriptively based on age groups. The results show that out of 32 children examined, 37.5% showed indications of stunting risk. This finding suggests that the integration of growth monitoring and nutrition education at Posyandu has the potential to be an effective strategy for the prevention and early detection of stunting, as well as to support the improvement of children's health quality. This activity also enhances parents' and Posyandu cadres' understanding of the importance of monitoring nutritional status to prevent stunting more effectively.

Decoction is a traditional extraction method rooted in ethnobotany; however, meeting quality standards in modern pharmaceutical research remains a major challenge. This study aims to map global research trends regarding phenolic and flavonoid compounds in decoctions over the 2015–2025 period through bibliometric analysis. Data were retrieved from the Scopus database and analyzed using VOSviewer 1.6.20 software, employing the fractional counting method to ensure a more proportional weighting of keyword relationships. The results indicate a fluctuating trend that significantly increased toward the end of the period, peaking at 78 documents in 2025, with India and China emerging as the primary contributors. Network visualization and research density analysis reveal that the global research focus remains centered on antioxidant capacity (DPPH, TPC, and TFC), while decoction itself occupies a supporting position within the research map. This study concludes that decoction has not yet become a central focus in modern pharmaceutical research but serves primarily as a vehicle for presenting active compounds. There remains a significant gap between traditional decoction use and the application of advanced analytical technologies such as HPLC and antibacterial testing, representing a substantial opportunity for future research to validate the safety and efficacy of decoctions more scientifically and through standardized approaches.

Background: Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) represent a global public health challenge. The increasing number of Sexually Transmitted Infection (STI) cases is a serious concern worldwide. A lack of education or minimal knowledge, along with risky behavior, contributes significantly to the high STI rates, particularly among the young age group. Purposes: The objective of this study is to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the major types of Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs)—namely Gonorrhea, Hepatitis B, HIV/AIDS, Syphilis, and HPV—by identifying their risk factors and determining the most effective prevention strategies. Method:The researchers employed a literature review method. The data search process was conducted systematically on Google Scholar, limiting sources only to articles available in full text and having open access. Results: The literature review concludes that the factors of knowledge, attitude, behavior, and age significantly influence an individual's risk of contracting Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs). Therefore, prevention efforts must be carried out comprehensively, encompassing promotive (awareness enhancement), preventive (prevention), curative (treatment), and rehabilitative (recovery) activities. Practically, this prevention must include sexual health education, adoption of safe sexual behavior, implementation of routine health checks (screening), and vaccination (specifically for Hepatitis B and HPV). Conclusion: Overall, controlling the spread of STIs requires active and collaborative roles from all parties—including the government, health workers, and the community. The main key to suppressing the spread and burden of STI diseases in the community is through improving appropriate sexual health education, improving access to health services, and periodic health screening.  

Currently, the skills needed to advance a tourist area are influenced by the availability of human resources who can speak English and understand local culture well. Unfortunately, improving English proficiency remains a challenge. Additionally, another issue appears as the Alpha generation is exposed to a great deal of English-language social media content; however, this does not appear to be directly correlated with an improvement in their English proficiency. It appears that the English Club instructors at SMA Fons Vitae 1 Jakarta were also aware of these two problems. Therefore, on September 11, 2025, an ABDIMAS activity entitled "Giving and Asking for Direction" training was held with the production of a short film. This activity was attended by 15 participants, 10 boys and 5 girls, a combination of students from grades 10 and 11. The results of the training showed that the pre-production process of making a short film provided a space for participants to recognize and explore Indonesian cultural heritage. Furthermore, the production process of making a short film made participants not afraid of speaking English. In the post-production process, participants can also edit parts of the video that are less than satisfactory because they can re-record if there are errors in pronunciation and grammar.

The JKN Mobile application is an electronic-based service innovation introduced by BPJS Health to facilitate JKN participants in accessing healthcare services and managing their membership information. This study aims to explore the experiences and perspectives of outpatient patients regarding the effectiveness of the JKN Mobile online registration system at Baubau City Regional General Hospital. A qualitative phenomenological approach was employed, with informants selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected to capture the meanings of patients’ experiences in using the application. The findings show that most patients are satisfied with the practicality, speed, and flexibility of the online registration system. However, technical problems, particularly unstable internet connectivity, remain a major challenge. Furthermore, the online registration system has contributed to improved service efficiency and patient satisfaction. These findings indicate the importance of continuous evaluation and improvement of the JKN Mobile online registration system to enhance service quality and health information system development at Baubau City Regional General Hospital.

Despite global efforts, maternal mortality remains a critical public health challenge. A major contributing factor is the delay in recognizing and responding to obstetric emergencies. A pregnant woman's awareness of potential danger signs and her subsequent proactive attitude toward early detection are considered pivotal in facilitating timely and life-saving healthcare access. This study was undertaken to investigate the direct correlation between the level of knowledge pregnant women possess regarding pregnancy danger signs and their attitude toward the early identification of maternal emergencies.This research utilized an analytic survey design, a cross-sectional approach. The study sample was drawn using accidental sampling, comprising 110 pregnant women. Data were collected via structured questionnaires and analyzed statistically using the Spearman Rank correlation test. The descriptive analysis revealed a positive outcome regarding knowledge: the majority of participants (70) demonstrated a sufficient level of knowledge about pregnancy danger signs. However, this did not translate into a desired behavioral disposition, as a majority of participants (40) simultaneously displayed a poor attitude toward the early detection of maternal emergencies. The inferential statistical analysis confirmed this disconnect: the Spearman Rank test yielded a calculated ρ-value (pcount) of 0.068, which was less significant than the critical ρ-table value (ptable) of 0.364. Crucially, the significance level(p=0.72) exceeded the predetermined alpha (α=0.05).The study concludes that there is no significant relationship between a pregnant woman's knowledge of obstetric danger signs and her attitude toward seeking the early detection of maternal emergencies.

Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) play a very important and strategic role in supporting the overall economic structure, with a contribution of 61.97% to the country's Gross Domestic Product (GDP). However, MSMEs, especially in rural areas, still face fundamental challenges, such as a lack of understanding and implementation of modern marketing and digital technologies. This service focuses on strategic efforts to empower Rengginang Ibu Saliem MSMEs in Dolok Kahean Village through a digital transformation program. The method used is descriptive qualitative Action Research, designed for direct program implementation and evaluation. The results of the pre-intervention showed that there was a severe digital gap in Rengginang products, although they had a tested taste, but still relied on traditional marketing models. Strategic intervention is carried out through two main pillars, namely, branding optimization by creating the trademark "Rengginang Huta" and a professional logo. Then the implementation of digital marketing through the construction of a virtual storefront on @rengginanghuta_ibusaliem's Instagram account. This program has succeeded in transforming these MSMEs into entities that are ready to compete in the digital ecosystem, in line with the statement that digitalization is the main imperative for MSMEs to survive. However, the evaluation stage identifies the issue of sustainability and digital independence as the next challenge. Long-term success requires more intensive post-program mentoring, focusing on digital operational management, to ensure independence and achieve real impact on improvement in Dolok Kahean Village.

Dextromethorphan (DXM) is a commonly used nonprescription cough suppressant that has gained field of science attention with its growing complex pharmacological effects and increased incidences of nonmedical use. This review is focused on pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamics and CNS effects of DXM, especially on its action mechanism and the interaction with neural circuits and neurotransmitter systems. Although DXM has retained clinical utility as an antitussive, and has demonstrated potential as an off-label agent for neuropsychiatric disease, the recreational use of high doses can have harmful effects on the nervous system. At high doses DXM is capable of dissociation and hallucination similar to those induced by some opioids and NMDA antagonists, altering both mental status and cognition while being associated with neurotoxic effects. In this article, review and compare the similarities and differences between DXM and classic opioids in terms of their potential for abuse and their neurological effects. By case examples and existing epidemiological data, it also highlights the mounting abuse of DXM, most notably by children and young adults, posing a pressing public health challenge. Legislation on DXM is also described and differences in legislative response worldwide are highlighted. Finally, the article finishes by emphasizing the requirement for further studies involving other disciplines to detail the long-term neurological consequences of DXM abuse and to promote integrated public health interventions targeting education, prevention, and clinical treatment.

Background: Chinese betel (Peperomia pellucida L.) is an herbal plant rich in bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, alkaloids, and tannins that have the potential to be antioxidants, antimicrobials, and antidiabetics. However, the stability and absorption of its active compounds in the body is still a challenge. Microencapsulation technology and  a floating drug delivery sistem (FDDS) can improve the effectiveness and stability of herbal preparations. Objective: This study aims to formulate and evaluate floating microencapsulation preparations containing Chinese betel herb ethanol extract using modern drug delivery technology. Methods: Ethanol extracts were obtained by maceration method and formulated by ionic gelation technique using a combination of sodium alginate and chitosan at three concentration variations (0.25%, 0.5%, and 0.75%). The evaluation included morphological analysis with SEM, ex vivo buoyancy test on the stomach of Wistar rats, determination of moisture content, and physical stability test using the cycling test method. Results: Microencapsulation with a concentration of 0.75% showed the most compact and delicate morphology, the lowest moisture content (0.64%), and the best physical stability. All formulations are capable of floating, with the longest buoyancy time at a concentration of 0.25% for 8 hours. There were no significant physical changes after six cycles of extreme temperatures. Conclusion: Microencapsulation preparations of Chinese betel ethanol extract in a natural polymer-based floating system show good stability and potential as an innovative herbal formulation to extend retention time in the stomach.    

Immunization is one of the important disease prevention efforts for toddlers. Complete immunization in toddlers can prevent various diseases that can be high-risk for children's health, such as diphtheria, polio, hepatitis, and measles. However, the level of complete immunization coverage in toddlers in Indonesia, including in the working area of ​​the UPTD Sawang Health Center, North Aceh Regency, is still a challenge. This study aims to identify factors that influence the implementation of complete immunization in toddlers in the area. The method used in this study is quantitative research with a descriptive approach. The research sample consisted of parents or caregivers of toddlers in the working area of ​​the UPTD Sawang Health Center, with a total of 100 respondents. Data were collected through a questionnaire that included factors such as parental knowledge, attitudes, accessibility of health services, and family socio-economic factors. Data analysis was carried out using descriptive statistics. The results of the study showed that there were several factors that influenced complete immunization in toddlers, namely parental knowledge about the importance of immunization, parental attitudes towards immunization, accessibility to health facilities, and parental education levels. Socioeconomic factors, such as family income and parental occupation, also played an important role in the success of complete immunization. In addition, there was a significant influence between the distance from the house to health facilities on the level of immunization coverage. From the results of this study, it can be concluded that efforts to increase the coverage of complete immunization in toddlers in the Sawang Health Center UPTD area need to consider these factors.

The empowerment of rural women is a strategic step toward inclusive and sustainable development. Women are not only responsible for household management but also serve as agents of change who contribute significantly to local economic development. In Simpang Pematang Village, the low participation of women in productive activities presents a challenge. This study aims to implement and evaluate empowerment programs that focus on stunting prevention education, post-harvest management workshops, and optimizing the use of home yards for economic and health benefits. The programs were conducted during the Community Service Program (KKN) from January 4 to February 10, 2024, through lectures, discussions, and evaluations. The results show increased awareness and participation of women in productive activities, contributing to improved family welfare and community development.

The development of the creative economy has become one of the main drivers in improving community welfare, especially in rural areas. Margajasa Village, located in South Lampung Regency, has significant potential for developing an environmentally friendly creative economy. However, a lack of understanding and skills in creating innovative products remains a major challenge. To address this issue, a community service team initiated an educational and training program on ecoprint product development for local residents, including PKK members and village officials. This program utilized the Participatory Action Research (PAR) method through socialization and hands-on training. The results indicate an increased understanding among participants regarding the ecoprint concept and its business potential. Additionally, participants were able to create simple ecoprint products with the potential to generate additional income. This initiative is expected to serve as an initial step toward realizing a sustainable, eco-friendly village through a creative economy.

This study investigates the effectiveness of green-space–based interventions in reducing eco-anxiety among urban adolescents, a population increasingly vulnerable to climate-related psychological distress. Eco-anxiety, characterized by persistent worry, cognitive overload, and emotional tension in response to environmental change, has emerged as a significant mental-health challenge. The intervention examined in this research involved structured exposure to natural environments combined with guided reflective activities over multiple sessions. Quantitative results showed a substantial reduction in eco-anxiety symptoms, with participants experiencing approximately a 30% decrease in climate-related worry after the intervention. Improvements were also observed in emotional resilience, including enhanced self-regulation, greater cognitive clarity, and improved coping capacity. Qualitative findings reinforced these outcomes, revealing that participants reported deeper emotional calm, stronger feelings of agency, and an increased sense of connectedness with nature. They described green spaces as restorative environments that helped reduce overthinking, clear mental fatigue, and create psychological grounding. These experiences appear to activate mental-restoration processes consistent with environmental psychology, suggesting that nature engagement can serve as both a preventive and therapeutic mental-health strategy. A comparison with conventional counseling approaches indicated that while standard psychological support aids emotional regulation, it often fails to address the specific ecological concerns driving eco-anxiety. In contrast, green-space exposure offers a more targeted and holistic benefit, combining physiological relaxation with meaningful emotional reassurance. The study concludes that expanding access to green spaces, incorporating nature-based therapeutic elements into public-health programs, and promoting balanced climate literacy may enhance adolescent well-being in a time of intensifying environmental challenges.

This study aims to analyze the effect of tax incentive policies on taxpayer compliance at SMK Muhammadiyah 08 Medan, especially in the Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) sector. MSMEs have an important role in the national economy, but tax compliance is still a major challenge. The government through the Regulation of the Minister of Finance (PMK) Number 44 / PMK.03 / 2021 provides tax incentives in the form of final Income Tax (PPh) payments PP 23 for MSMEs during the Covid-19 pandemic, with the aim of easing the burden on business actors and increasing tax compliance. However, the implementation of this policy still faces obstacles, such as low taxpayer understanding of tax incentives and the tax digitalization process. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method with data collection through interviews, observations, and analysis of related documents. The focus of the study is directed at the effectiveness of tax incentive policies and the implementation of tax digitalization on increasing MSME taxpayer compliance at SMK Muhammadiyah 08 Medan. The results of the study show that although tax incentives provide significant benefits for taxpayers, many MSME actors have not utilized them optimally due to the lack of socialization and understanding of this policy. In addition, the implementation of tax digitalization helps simplify the process of reporting and paying taxes, but MSMEs still face technical obstacles such as access to technology and digital knowledge. This study concludes that strengthening policy socialization, tax training, and increasing access to technology for MSMEs is needed to support the effectiveness of tax incentives and tax digitalization in increasing taxpayer compliance. These findings can be a basis for the government to improve tax policies that are oriented towards MSMEs.

Education in higher education requires students to face a variety of challenging academic and social tasks and responsibilities, both on campus and around where they live. Adapting and organizing yourself well is the key to facing this challenge. Students have the freedom to set their own academic goals and objectives. The aim of this research is to analyze time management strategies in increasing learning productivity to avoid academic stress in students. The main study in this research focuses on the strategies used by students to increase productivity in learning and avoid academic stress. Data collection in this research was through in-depth interviews and documentation. This research applies a qualitative approach, where this method is used to obtain an in-depth understanding and explain phenomena by investigating non-numerical data through collection, analysis and interpretation. The results of this research highlight appropriate time management strategies in increasing learning productivity, by managing time wisely. well, individuals can prioritize tasks that have a big impact and are likely to be postponed, thereby ensuring timely completion. By implementing time management, we can use time efficiently and increase productivity in studying.  

This research obtained an overview of hardiness in students who are entrepreneurs. Hardiness has a very important and influential role for entrepreneurial students. This research uses a qualitative approach with case study analysis. The subjects of the study were selected using the purposive sampling method. A total of three people were selected as the main subjects based on the variety of subjects obtained at the time of the initial exploration. Case study analysis was carried out on data from interviews, field notes, and observations. It was found that, commitment, control, and challenges affect hardiness in entrepreneurial students.