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A MSMEs in Indonesia has recently contributed to national exports by 15,7%  compared with Thailand that has reached 29 %, so substantial revision are required to make sure that increasing contribution which ultimately will give positive impact toward the economy overall, because almost 90 % of human resource work in MSMEs sector with nature resource and other plentiful resources. The main problem that is commonly found by MSMEs is to optimize the available resources as well as fulfill the required standards that have established and required regulation in order to ensure the resulting product is accepted by the market and to comply with the regulation that has been established by the regulator. Indonesia as the second biggest country in the world has biodiversity certainly offers benefits that hard to imitate by other country in producing biopharmaceutical plants product, therefore it offers competitive potential in the global market, however market penetration by MSMEs biopharmaceutical plants sector commonly discontinued regarding with technical barriers to trade (TBT). This study is based on a case study that aims to analyze main challenges in fulfillment of international certification and to formulate adaptation strategy for MSMEs. By conducting through a descriptive qualitative method with case study approaches, the result of study indicates that high compliance costs,  registration procedural complexity from the source and destination country, as well as the inconsistency of raw material quality became the main barriers. The proposed strategy including group certification model, CPOTB standard harmonization, and the utilization of integrated government assistance schemes will provide real contribution in assisting MSMEs fulfilling global market requirements.

This study examines the role of halal tourism in enhancing destination competitiveness and strengthening the Islamic economy within the tourism sector. This research employs a systematic literature review to synthesize findings from relevant academic sources. The results indicate that halal tourism contributes significantly to destination competitiveness by increasing tourist arrivals and encouraging product diversification. In addition, it supports the development of micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) and promotes local economic growth through a multiplier effect. Halal tourism also fosters ethical business practices and sustainable tourism development aligned with Islamic principles. However, its implementation faces key challenges, including limited infrastructure, complex halal certification procedures, and perceptions of exclusivity among non-Muslim tourists. Therefore, strategic efforts are required to improve Muslim-friendly infrastructure, streamline certification processes, strengthen MSME capacity through training and digitalization, and adopt inclusive branding strategies. These measures are expected to enhance the competitiveness, resilience, and sustainability of halal tourism destinations in the global market.

This study aims to analyze the determinants of success of PT Makmur Susanti Group, a processed food MSME in Tulungagung, East Java, in achieving “Born Global” status by bypassing the traditional incremental internationalization process and penetrating global markets within only 2.5 years. The research employed a qualitative approach using a single case study method. Data were collected through semi-structured in-depth interviews with the owner as the key informant, participatory observation, and documentation, and were analyzed using the Miles, Huberman, and Saldaña interactive model, consisting of data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The findings reveal that the company’s rapid internationalization was supported by three main factors, namely visionary managerial capability reflected in entrepreneurial alertness, continuous product innovation through selective raw material use and flavor localization, and the optimal utilization of digital ecosystems such as B2B platforms and Alibaba. In addition, the study identified a “symbiotic” business model involving export aggregators to serve diaspora niche markets, which challenges the conventional assumption that Born Global firms must independently manage international logistics. Furthermore, the owner’s legal background became a strategic advantage in addressing complex halal regulations and international certification requirements. This research contributes a new perspective on the phenomenon of “non-intentional” Born Global firms and highlights the importance of legal-formal competence for MSMEs, while also providing practical insights for regional MSMEs in integrating local comparative advantages with global competitive standards.

This study explores how the integrated Resource-Based View (iRBV) and Dynamic Capabilities (DC) explain the early stage of SME internationalization in Indonesia. An exploratory single-case study design is employed on a koi-breeding SME that has engaged in export activities, using a Likert-scale questionnaire to identify VRIN resources, dynamic capabilities, export performance, and internationalization barriers. The findings indicate that the SME possesses relatively strong export market knowledge, network competence, and quality reputation, but remains weak in global certifications, administrative support, and logistical capacity. From a DC perspective, sensing and seizing capabilities are already developed, whereas transforming capability is still limited in terms of reconfiguring the business model, strengthening human resources, and institutionalizing export routines. Overall, the results underscore that the success of SME internationalization is determined not only by the ownership of internal resources, but also by the firm’s ability to reconfigure those resources in the presence of environmental and institutional constraint.

The Labor-Intensive Housing Program is one of the Surabaya City Government’s policies aimed at reducing poverty and unemployment through labor-intensive community empowerment. This study aims to describe and analyze the implementation of the Labor-Intensive Housing Program (RPK) at the Pitstop business unit in Lidah Kulon Village, Lakarsantri Subdistrict, Surabaya City. This study employs a qualitative method with a descriptive approach, utilizing Van Meter and Van’s policy implementation theory. Primary data were collected through interviews and observations, while secondary data were derived from official documents and relevant publications. The results showed that the implementation of the Pitstop Labor Intensive Housing Program has not yet been optimal. In terms of policy standards and objectives, the program’s goals have been clearly defined but have not yet been fully achieved. Regarding resources, the availability of facilities and funding is adequate, but there are still limitations in human resources, particularly skilled technicians in the automotive repair field. Inter organizational communication has taken place but has not been intensive enough to support business sustainability. Characteristics of the implementing agents indicate that the structure of the Labor-Intensive Housing team has been clearly defined; however, implementation in the field has not been optimal due to weak coordination and communication. Economic, social, and political conditions-such as a less-than-strategic business location and high competition from similar businesses-have also contributed to the low number of customers. Meanwhile, the disposition of the implementers demonstrates a positive attitude in supporting the Labor-Intensive Housing program. The Labor-Intensive Housing Program must be supported by professional mechanics through education, certification, and collaboration with the private sector and training institutions to ensure the quality of services. In addition, building public trust, coordination among stakeholders, and intensive support through monitoring and evaluation are key to the success and sustainability of the Labor-Intensive Housing Program.

Based on Law Number 11 of 2006 concerning the Government of Aceh, the Government of Aceh has been granted special authority to manage and regulate various governmental affairs, including land administration. This authority is specifically outlined in Article 16 paragraph (1) letter k, which empowers the Government of Aceh to handle land affairs that span across regencies and municipalities. This power is further reinforced by Presidential Regulation Number 23 of 2015, which transformed the Regional Office of the National Land Agency of Aceh into the Aceh Land Agency, and Qanun Aceh Number 13 of 2019 regarding the Establishment and Organizational Structure of Aceh Regional Apparatus, which laid the foundation for the establishment of the Aceh Land Office. This office is responsible for managing and certifying the Aceh Government’s land assets. This study aims to assess the implementation of the Aceh Land Office’s authority in certifying government land assets, the institutional synergy with the National Land Agency, and the challenges faced in ensuring legal certainty over these assets. The research employs an empirical juridical method with a sociological approach. Data were gathered from interviews with officials from the Aceh Land Office, the Aceh Financial Management Agency, and the National Land Agency, as well as secondary data from legal documents, books, and academic resources. The study found that while the certification process is legally supported, challenges such as incomplete ownership documents and limited resources hinder effective implementation. Measures, such as re-tracing and remapping land assets, are being taken to address these challenges.

This study examines the export barriers encountered by emerging small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Indonesia, with a focus on export documentation challenges, tariff constraints, and the adaptive marketing strategies employed to sustain international market engagement. Employing a qualitative case study approach, this research investigates PT Albarka International Group, a nascent export-import company established in 2021 and headquartered in Malang, East Java, which specializes in the export of natural commodities including Bakhur-related materials (opercula shells, damar resin, agarwood), spices, and other Indonesian products to Middle East markets including Yemen, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Libya, Sudan, and Djibouti. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with key company personnel and supplemented by document analysis. Findings reveal three primary export barriers: (1) high shipping tariffs relative to regional competitors, frequently triggering order cancellations by importers; (2) complex and time-intensive export documentation requirements, particularly for regulated natural resource products subject to CITES compliance, fish quarantine certification (Health Certificate), and customs declaration (PEB); and (3) internal organizational constraints stemming from overlapping job roles. In response, PT Albarka has adopted adaptive strategies including Full Container Load (FCL) consolidation to reduce per-unit shipping costs, advance payment systems (TT in advance) to mitigate importer default risk, and collaborative consultation with customs and quarantine authorities. The study contributes to the SME internationalization literature by demonstrating how resource-constrained emerging exporters navigate institutional and logistical complexities in developing economy contexts, offering practical insights for SME practitioners and export policy stakeholders.

The development of the palm oil industry in Indonesia typically relies on collaboration with smallholder farmers, but this collaboration often faces various problems such as poor cultivation techniques, lack of technical guidance, unclear administrative matters, and limited access to certification and markets. This study aims to develop a specific human resource management model to support collaboration with smallholder farmers, thereby improving production yields, sustainability, and engagement in the palm oil supply chain. The method used is a desk study, namely by analyzing and reconstructing information from research results, industry reports, and palm oil certification and sustainability policies. Based on the analysis, a career structure and Human Resource Management functions are proposed, consisting of collaboration supervisors, field officers, capacity training officers, collaboration administration staff, and collaboration/certification managers. This model allows for technical and administrative assistance, training for farmers, collaboration coordination, and certification and compliance management. The implementation of this model is predicted to improve cultivation quality, improve smallholder access to certification and markets, and strengthen the stability and sustainability of the supply chain. Thus, the HR model for smallholders offers a strategic solution to the various challenges of working with smallholders and supports the development of a socially, economically, and environmentally sustainable palm oil agribusiness sector.

The development of the palm oil industry in Indonesia typically relies on collaboration with smallholder farmers, but this collaboration often faces various problems such as poor cultivation techniques, lack of technical guidance, unclear administrative matters, and limited access to certification and markets. This study aims to develop a specific human resource management model to support collaboration with smallholder farmers, thereby improving production yields, sustainability, and engagement in the palm oil supply chain. The method used is a desk study, namely by analyzing and reconstructing information from research results, industry reports, and palm oil certification and sustainability policies. Based on the analysis, a career structure and Human Resource Management functions are proposed, consisting of collaboration supervisors, field officers, capacity training officers, collaboration administration staff, and collaboration/certification managers. This model allows for technical and administrative assistance, training for farmers, collaboration coordination, and certification and compliance management. The implementation of this model is predicted to improve cultivation quality, improve smallholder access to certification and markets, and strengthen the stability and sustainability of the supply chain. Thus, the HR model for smallholders offers a strategic solution to the various challenges of working with smallholders and supports the development of a socially, economically, and environmentally sustainable palm oil agribusiness sector.

This research investigates integrated legal-human resource frameworks for autonomous vessel operations in Indonesian archipelagic waters, addressing regulatory compliance gaps and seafarer workforce transition challenges. Through qualitative analysis involving 38 stakeholders including maritime lawyers, regulatory officials, ship operators, seafarer unions, training institutions, and autonomous technology developers, this study examines how existing maritime legal frameworks prove inadequate for unmanned operations while workforce displacement threatens 150,000+ Indonesian maritime workers. Results demonstrate that successful autonomous vessel adoption requires coordinated legal-HR approaches addressing liability allocation (achieving 75-85% clarity through multi-party frameworks), competency certification for remote operators (reducing training gaps by 60-70%), career transition pathways (enabling 55-65% workforce adaptation), and regulatory harmonization (improving compliance efficiency by 45-60%). Key barriers include UNCLOS Article 94 incompatibility, insurance unavailability, seafarer resistance, and jurisdictional fragmentation. Findings reveal that archipelagic contexts demand unique legal-HR solutions integrating traditional maritime rights, hybrid operational modes, and just transition principles. This research contributes frameworks enabling Indonesia to proactively shape autonomous vessel regulations protecting both technological innovation and maritime workforce interests during critical technology transition.

This study aims to analyze the implementation of performance management at the micro–enterprise AMANAH YOGURT, located in Candimulyo, Kiringan, Boyolali. The business employs 11 workers with specific task divisions: 7 in packaging, 1 in production, 2 in marketing responsible for promotion and advertising, and 1 supervisor who monitors the production process while also assisting in production ac,tivities. The daily production capacity reaches 500 packs during peak demand and 350 packs under normal conditions. This research applies a descriptive qualitative approach through observations and informal interviews with the owner and employees. The findings indicate that AMANAH YOGURT has implemented performance management through the application of production SOP, clear task distribution, informal evaluative communication between the owner and employees, as well as consistent adherence to hygiene standards and product quality. AMANAH YOGURT products have been distributed across Java Island, Bali, and even Mataram through bus logistics, travel services, and direct delivery for nearby areas. Halal certification and BPOM authorization further enhance consumer trust and strengthen the competitiveness of the business.

This study examines the role of agents in the renewal process of cargo ship construction safety certificates at the Merak Banten Harbormaster and Port Authority Office (KSOP), using a case study of PT. Vinici Samudera Agencies, Merak Branch. The study aimed to determine the role of agency companies in assisting shipowners in fulfilling certification obligations and to examine certificate renewal procedures in accordance with legal provisions and shipping safety standards. The research methods employed included a field approach through direct observation, interviews, and a literature review of relevant literature, regulations, and official documents. Based on the research findings, PT. Vinici Samudera Agencies plays a significant role in processing shipping administrative documents, coordinating with the KSOP, ensuring compliance with applicable legal provisions, and providing technical guidance to ensure ships remain seaworthy. The agency's role has been proven to increase time efficiency, reduce the risk of delays, and provide legal certainty in the certificate renewal process. Therefore, the presence of ship agents is a strategic factor in supporting the smooth operation of cargo ships at the Port of Merak.

The decline in seed quality due to storage beyond the shelf life is a major problem in rice cultivation. One effort that can be made to improve seed viability is through invigoration techniques using natural ingredients, such as bean sprout extract (Phaseolus radiatus), which contains growth hormones. This study aims to analyze the effect of bean sprout extract on the viability of Ciherang rice seeds that have exceeded their shelf life and to determine the best treatment. The study was conducted from August to November 2024 at the Biology Laboratory of the UPTD Seed Center, Supervision and Certification of Agricultural Seeds of Gorontalo Province. The study used a two-factor Randomized Block Design (RBD) with bean sprout age (3, 5, and 7 days after sowing) and bean sprout extract concentration (20 g/L, 40 g/L, and 60 g/L) as factors, with four replications. The parameters observed included germination rate, maximum growth potential, and sprout length. The data were analyzed using ANOVA and DMRT post-hoc test at a 5% level. The results showed that bean sprout extract had a significant effect on all observed parameters. The treatment of 5-day-old bean sprouts with a concentration of 20 g/L gave the best results with a germination rate of 95.5%, maximum growth potential of 98.5%, and the highest sprout length. Sprout extract has the potential to be used as a natural alternative to improve the quality of rice seeds that have passed their storage period.

This study investigates the adoption of adaptive DevOps practices in embedded systems used in safety-critical industrial applications. Traditional DevOps models, which are primarily designed for cloud-based systems, face significant challenges when applied to embedded platforms due to hardware constraints, real-time performance requirements, and stringent safety standards. The research focuses on developing a tailored DevOps framework that integrates continuous integration/continuous delivery (CI or CD) pipelines, automation, real-time monitoring, and safety assurance processes to enhance system reliability, performance, and compliance with regulatory standards. The study uses a case study methodology, involving embedded system teams across multiple industrial sectors, to assess the impact of these adapted DevOps practices on system stability and operational efficiency. Key findings show that the adoption of adaptive DevOps practices led to significant improvements in system reliability, performance, and deployment stability. Continuous feedback mechanisms allowed for early issue detection and faster resolution, leading to enhanced system uptime and responsiveness. Additionally, the integration of safety assurance into the DevOps pipeline ensured that safety-critical systems complied with required safety integrity levels and certification standards. The study further explores the integration of DevOps with embedded safety-critical systems, highlighting the benefits of cross-domain collaboration, enhanced communication, and the ability to address the unique challenges of these platforms. The research also underscores the limitations of conventional DevOps models in embedded systems and presents practical implications for the wider adoption of DevOps in safety-critical industrial applications. Future research is recommended to refine DevOps frameworks for embedded systems, integrating emerging technologies like the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) and Digital Twins to further optimize performance, security, and predictive maintenance.

The Halal Management Sistem (HMS) has often been positioned as an administrative compliance tool that focuses on regulatory and certification requirements. This approach has the potential to simplify the meaning of halal by overlooking the inherent values, especially in the context of Muslim businesses. This study aims to interpret the understanding of the Halal Management Sistem not only as an administrative compliance mechanism, but also as an expression of worship and spiritual commitment in business practices. This study uses a qualitative approach through a literature review of scientific articles, books, and relevant publications discussing halal management, Islamic business ethics, and the perspectives of business actors. The results of the study show that the HMS is understood by business actors as a manifestation of religious obedience integrated into economic activities, where the application of halal principles is seen as part of devotion to God and a form of moral responsibility in running a business. In this understanding, administrative compliance is positioned as an implication of spiritual awareness, not as the main objective of the sistem's implementation. The research findings also indicate that the spiritual meaning of SMH encourages consistency in halal practices and strengthens long-term business orientation. Conceptually, this study has implications for the development of halal management studies by placing the spiritual dimension as the main foundation in the implementation of the Halal Management Sistem, particularly in supporting sustainable and ethical business practices.

This community service activity aimed to enhance the security and efficiency of halal certification mentoring services at the Aurum First Sunrise community in Surakarta. The main challenge faced by the partner was the risk of sensitive SME data leakage such as ID cards, recipes, and supply chain information, due to the lack of an adequate document security mechanism. The core solution implemented was Technology Implementation in the form of a Cryptographically-based Document Management Information sistem (utilizing the Light Weight PDAC algorithm) integrated with digital access rights management and user Training. Evaluation demonstrated successful implementation, evidenced by an increase in the average satisfaction of SMEs regarding data security to 97.8%, confirming enhanced trust. Furthermore, digitalization successfully improved the efficiency of the mentoring team, reflected by a satisfaction score of 85.0%. In conclusion, this service successfully transformed the partner into a secure, efficient, and credible mentoring institution, significantly supporting SMEs in accessing halal certification.

Halal certification is a primary requirement for Muslims when choosing food. This requirement is stated in Surah Al-Baqarah, verse 168 of the Quran, which commands Muslims to consume food that is halal and wholesome. Halal certification is assessed not only by the ingredients used but also by the entire production process, from processing and raw material use, transportation, to sales and consumption methods. In Indonesia, the development of halal products continues to grow rapidly in line with the large Muslim population. However, public understanding of halal certification, particularly for food and beverage products, remains relatively low. Based on this situation, this study examines the impact of halal certification on the marketing strategies of MSMEs in the food sector. This research seeks to answer two main questions: first, to what extent do MSMEs understand the importance of halal certification? and second, does the existence of halal certification influence consumer purchasing interest? The study used a library method, reviewing a variety of relevant literature, and an empirical approach to obtain data directly from the public.

This study examines the development of halal tourism based on local wisdom in Lima Puluh Kota Regency, focusing on the Harau Valley area as a leading destination. The research aims to analyze halal tourism development and identify challenges faced in its implementation. The study employs a descriptive qualitative approach with data collection techniques through in-depth interviews, field observations, and documentation studies. Research informants include the Department of Tourism, Youth and Sports, the Ministry of Religious Affairs, the Minangkabau Indigenous Leadership Council, Tourism Awareness Groups, business operators, and tourists. Data analysis uses the Miles and Huberman interactive model. The results show that halal tourism development in Harau Valley has great potential supported by natural compatibility with sharia principles, the philosophy of "Adat Basandi Syarak, Syarak Basandi Kitabullah," and strong cultural attractions. However, significant challenges remain, including limited infrastructure, low halal certification in accommodation and culinary sectors, limited human resource capacity, suboptimal promotion, weak inter-agency coordination, and funding constraints. The study recommends strengthening district-level halal tourism regulations, intensifying halal certification socialization, enhancing human resource capacity through continuous training, developing integrated digital promotion systems, and strengthening multi-stakeholder coordination in sustainable halal tourism development.  

This study discusses the effectiveness of Indonesia's halal certification system in supporting international standards and increasing global consumer satisfaction. The study uses a descriptive qualitative method with a case study approach to analyze the implementation of the national halal certification system. The results show that the halal certification system has strengthened legal protection and consumer confidence in halal products through synergy between BPJPH, MUI, and LPH. However, there are still challenges in harmonizing halal standards between countries and increasing the recognition of Indonesian certification at the global level. The digitization of the certification process and integration with international standards are considered important to accelerate services and enhance the credibility of the national system. This study recommends strengthening collaboration among stakeholders, international halal diplomacy, and technology-based system innovation so that Indonesia can compete globally and play a role as a world halal certification center

The purpose of this research is to formulate a model for the Strategy to Enhance Competitiveness and Sustainability of SMEs in Supporting Independence in East Java. The research method is descriptive qualitative. Data collection techniques include observation, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis techniques use 1) Data reduction, 2) Data display, 3) Data triangulation, 4) Data verification. The informant determination technique uses indepth interviews with key informants such as SME actors, relevant agency officials, representatives from East Java's SME Banks, and academics. The results of data analysis and literature review indicate that the Strategy to Enhance Competitiveness of SMEs in East Java focuses on the adoption of digital marketing (utilization of social media, marketplaces, and e-commerce), product and process innovation (development of unique and quality products, production efficiency), as well as strengthening partnerships and collaborations with various parties (government, financial institutions, large companies) to expand market access and resources. The strategy for enhancing the sustainability of MSMEs in East Java heavily relies on prudent financial management practices (cash flow management, access to affordable financing such as Prokesra and Dagulir), compliance with legal and certification requirements (PIRT, halal, BPOM), as well as the potential implementation of circular economy concepts for resource efficiency and waste reduction. The strategy supporting the independence of MSMEs in East Java focuses on a comprehensive empowerment program, including entrepreneurship training and intensive mentoring for capacity building, ease of access to capital, and facilitation of business matching and exhibitions/bazaars for network and market expansion. The active role of the government and supporting institutions is crucial in creating a conducive ecosystem. The relationship between competitiveness, sustainability, and independence of SMEs is synergistic and mutually reinforcing. Increasing competitiveness directly contributes to economic sustainability. Sustainability creates stability that allows SMEs to continue innovating and enhancing their competitiveness. Meanwhile, independence empowers SMEs to be proactive in achieving competitiveness and sustainability, with the ability to make strategic decisions and adapt to changes. Overall, SMEs in East Java have great potential to continue growing and contributing to the economy. However, sustained support through appropriate policies, relevant empowerment programs, and facilitation of access to essential resources will be key to realizing SMEs that are not only competitive and sustainable but also fully independent.