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Increasing in energy demand and limited fossil fuel reserves have driven the use of environmentally friendly alternative energy sources. This study aims to analyze the effect of pyrolysis temperature variations on the quality of biopellets made from bagasse and coffee husks. The materials were prepared in a 50:50 ratio with the addition of 15% tapioca flour as a binder. The pyrolysis process was carried out at temperatures of 450°C, 500°C, and 550°C for 120 minutes in oxygen-free conditions. The biochar resulting from pyrolysis was formed into biopellets, which were then tested for proximate composition, calorific value, and combustion rate. The results showed that an increase in pyrolysis temperature had a significant effect on the characteristics of the biopellets. A temperature of 550°C produced the lowest moisture content (8.436%), the highest fixed carbon content (62.191%), the highest calorific value (6293 cal/g), and the highest combustion rate (0.05789 g/sec). Conversely, ash content increased with rising temperature, while volatile matter content decreased. Thus, the best biopellets were obtained at a temperature of 550°C. This study confirms the potential of bagasse and coffee husks as raw materials for biopellets through pyrolysis temperature optimization to support the development of sustainable biomass energy.

This study aims to analyze the production process, marketing strategies, and environmental impacts of sugarcane brown sugar agroindustry at the household scale, using the Haeruddin enterprise located in Latellang Village, Patimpeng District, Bone Regency as a case study. A descriptive qualitative approach was employed, with data collected through in-depth interviews, participatory observation, and document analysis. The results show that the enterprise manages approximately 50 hectares of sugarcane land with productivity ranging from 30–60 tons per hectare, which is below the national average. The production capacity reaches 1–2 tons of sugarcane per day, producing approximately 1 ton of brown sugar daily, and involves local labor in cultivation and processing activities. Marketing is conducted through direct sales and local distributors, with prices ranging from IDR 8,000–10,000 per kilogram, without the use of digital promotion or modern retail channels. From an environmental perspective, the production process generates solid, liquid, and gaseous waste; however, solid waste in the form of bagasse is reused as fuel, while liquid waste and combustion residues are only partially managed. These findings indicate that while the enterprise contributes to employment and the local rural economy, improvements in production efficiency, marketing strategies, and environmental management are required to enhance competitiveness and sustainability. This study provides practical insights for the development of sustainable household-scale sugarcane brown sugar agroindustries in rural areas.

Acid mine drainage (AMD) is one of the major environmental problems arising from coal mining activities. AMD is formed through the oxidation of sulfide minerals, resulting in acidic water with high concentrations of dissolved heavy metals. This condition is characterized by elevated levels of Fe, Mn, and total suspended solids (TSS), which, if left untreated, can pollute nearby water bodies, damage aquatic ecosystems, and pose risks to human health. Therefore, effective, eco-friendly, and low-cost treatment methods are needed to minimize the negative impacts of AMD. This study aims to investigate the effect of activated carbon derived from sugarcane bagasse as an adsorbent for reducing Fe, Mn, and TSS levels in AMD at the sump of PT Alreksa Bara Mitra. The selection of sugarcane bagasse is based on its abundance as an agro-industrial waste and its high lignocellulosic content, making it a potential raw material for activated carbon. The research involved the preparation of activated carbon through carbonization and activation processes, followed by its application to AMD samples with variations in adsorbent dosage and contact time. Laboratory analyses were conducted to measure the concentrations of Fe, Mn, and TSS before and after treatment. The results showed that sugarcane bagasse-based activated carbon significantly reduced Fe, Mn, and TSS concentrations. The highest removal efficiencies were achieved under optimum conditions, reaching 93.14% for Fe, 95.05% for Mn, and 85.04% for TSS. These findings demonstrate that activated carbon from sugarcane bagasse has a strong adsorption capacity for dissolved metals and suspended solids in AMD. In conclusion, sugarcane bagasse-derived activated carbon has potential as an environmentally friendly and cost-effective alternative for AMD treatment, while simultaneously providing added value to agro-industrial waste. This research is expected to serve as a reference for the development of more sustainable mine wastewater treatment methods.

Internal combustion engines generate thermal energy through the combustion of an air-fuel mixture. The incoming air must be filtered, as it contains impurities and particles. While air filters are commonly made from paper, they can also be developed using organic waste materials such as sugarcane bagasse and rice husk. This study aims to analyze the effect of biocomposite air filters on engine power, torque, and specific fuel consumption (SFC), by varying the material composition and the number of pleats, and comparing the results with those of a standard air filter. The method used is a quantitative experimental approach involving dyno testing on a 150 cc motorcycle engine. The tested material compositions include 50:50, 40:60, 30:70, 60:40, and 70:30 (sugarcane bagasse\:rice husk), with pleat counts of 28, 26, and 24. Results showed that the biocomposite filter with 28 pleats and a 30:70 composition delivered the best performance, producing 18.47 Hp and 16.66 Nm of torque—higher than the standard filter’s 17.98 Hp and 15.52 Nm. In terms of fuel efficiency, the 26-pleat filter with a 50:50 composition recorded the lowest SFC at 41.90 g/kWh, significantly better than the standard filter’s 53.03 g/kWh. Conversely, the 60:40 composition resulted in the highest SFC due to increased airflow resistance.

The processing of natural fibers as raw materials for paper has grown over the past few years. However, the use of composite paper as a printing substrate has several drawbacks. One of them is the low color reproduction quality of printed images on paper made from natural fibers, caused by the insufficient whiteness of the paper. This study aims to investigate the effect of titanium dioxide (TiO₂) addition on the color reproduction quality of composite paper based on sugarcane bagasse fiber. TiO₂ was varied at concentrations of 0%, 10%, and 20%. Printing process was carried out using an inkjet printer with standard CMYK and RGB color patches. After that, the printed results were measured using colorimeter with D65 illuminant. Color distribution analysis was processed using MATLAB software. The results showed that the addition of TiO₂ increased the whiteness of the paper, as indicated by the higher L* values. The color gamut visualization demonstrated that the gamut area expanded as the TiO₂ content increased. This result shows that the addition of TiO₂ affects the color reproduction quality of composite paper.