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Low courage in arguing and high communication apprehension often become major obstacles for high school students when facing academic presentations. This Community Service (PkM) program aims to strengthen students' communicative rhetoric skills and public speaking abilities at SMA Negeri 11 Makassar. Based on a needs assessment, partner students need techniques for persuasive public speaking, self-evaluation tools for their communication performance, and strategies for managing mental anxiety. The program was carried out through a practice-based reflective workshop involving 25 students from the school's intra-organizational board. Quantitative evaluation results showed a significant improvement in students' speaking competence, with the average score increasing from 58.4 (pre-test) to 86.2 (post-test). This result recorded an increase in the score difference by 27.8 points, which is equivalent to a competence growth of 47.6%, with the students' classical completeness rate reaching 92%. Qualitatively, observations and interviews confirmed changes in students' speaking behavior, which became more organized, expressive, and varied, and they were able to reduce anxiety independently. A tangible output of this activity is the Pocket Guide for Practical Public Speaking Based on Reflective Practice for partner students.

This study aims to analyze the inner conflict experienced by the female protagonist, Alina Suhita, in the novel Hati Suhita by Khilma Anis using Karen Horney’s psychological perspective. The study is motivated by the complexity of the psychological struggles faced by the main character in dealing with marital pressures, family expectations, and socio-cultural demands within a pesantren environment. This research employed a descriptive qualitative approach using content analysis. The data source was the novel Hati Suhita by Khilma Anis, while the research data consisted of textual excerpts depicting the protagonist’s inner conflicts. Data were collected through reading and note-taking techniques and subsequently analyzed based on Karen Horney’s theory of neurotic tendencies. The findings reveal that Suhita’s inner conflict is influenced by marital pressures, family demands, social expectations, as well as cultural and religious values that shape her personality. These conflicts are manifested through three neurotic tendencies: moving toward people, moving against people, and moving away from people. The tendency of moving toward people is reflected in her obedience, self-sacrifice, and need for acceptance. The tendency of moving against people appears in her efforts to maintain self-respect, assertiveness, and courage in confronting pressure. Meanwhile, the tendency of moving away from people is shown through emotional withdrawal, solitude, and the pursuit of inner peace. The findings indicate that the protagonist’s inner conflict is dynamic and functions as a form of psychological adjustment to basic anxiety and socio-cultural pressures throughout the narrative.

Sufism as a spiritual approach has a great potential to prevent mental health problems among Generation Z students at UIN Walisongo Semarang. This is because Sufism focuses on inner balance, self-awareness, and strengthening spiritual values that can be a source of psychological resilience. This study aims to investigate how Sufism practices such as dhikr, self-reflection, and spiritual guidance can help prevent mental health problems, such as stress, anxiety, and loneliness among Generation Z students. The method used in this study is a qualitative study with a phenomenological design. Data were obtained from in-depth interviews with students, observations of religious activities on campus, and focus group discussions, then analyzed thematically. Interviews were conducted with three students: Wilda Ismatus Sarifah (Faculty of Tarbiyah and Teacher Training), Sinta Wahdatul Khusna (Faculty of Tarbiyah of Social and Political Sciences), and Umi Fathonah (Faculty of Tarbiyah and Teacher Training). The study found that regular Sufism practice guided by experienced individuals helped students feel more meaningful, more socially connected, and develop coping strategies. This was associated with reduced symptoms of stress and anxiety, as well as improved well-being. The study recommends integrating Sufism-based spiritual programs into campus counseling services and character development activities. It also recommends training spiritual mentors and fostering collaboration between student welfare units and religious institutions on campus to support the mental health of young people.

Background: Labor is a physiological process that is commonly accompanied by pain, causing discomfort, anxiety, and fear that may interfere with maternal well-being and labor progress. Effleurage massage is a complementary, non-pharmacological intervention used to reduce labor pain. Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of effleurage massage in reducing pain intensity during the first stage of labor. Method: A literature review was conducted using articles retrieved from Google Scholar. An initial search identified 45 articles, and after screening based on publication year (2021–2026), relevance, and inclusion criteria, 10 research articles were included for analysis. Data were extracted and synthesized descriptively. Results: The findings consistently showed that effleurage massage reduced labor pain by promoting relaxation, decreasing muscle tension, improving blood circulation, and stimulating endorphin release through the gate control mechanism. Most studies also reported improved maternal comfort during labor. Conclusion: In conclusion, effleurage massage is an effective, safe, affordable, and easy-to-apply complementary therapy that can be integrated into midwifery care to reduce labor pain and enhance maternal comfort.  

Stigma toward people with mental disorders affects not only individuals living with mental illness but also the psychological well-being of family members who serve as their primary caregivers. Families often experience social rejection, discrimination, and negative stereotypes, which increase emotional and psychological burdens while reducing the quality of care they provide. This study aimed to explore the impact of stigma on the psychological well-being of families caring for people with mental disorders in Pamekasan Regency. A qualitative study using a phenomenological approach was conducted involving 11 participants selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and analyzed using thematic analysis to identify participants' lived experiences. The findings revealed one overarching theme, namely the negative impact of stigma, which consisted of three categories: effects on family members, family relationships, and patients. Stigma generated feelings of sadness, anxiety, psychological distress, sleep disturbances, social withdrawal, family conflicts, and changes in family interactions with patients. These experiences negatively influenced caregivers’ emotional well-being and their ability to provide optimal support for family members with mental disorders. The study concludes that stigma has a substantial adverse impact on the psychological well-being of family caregivers and the quality of care provided to people with mental disorders. Therefore, comprehensive interventions focusing on stigma reduction, community education, and strengthening psychosocial support systems are essential to improve family resilience and promote better mental health outcomes.

Stroke is a neurological disorder caused by impaired blood flow to the brain, resulting in brain tissue damage and various functional impairments. One of the common problems experienced by stroke patients is sleep disturbance, which may be influenced by neurological deficits, limited physical mobility, pain, and post-stroke anxiety. Persistent sleep disturbances can delay the recovery process and reduce patients’ quality of life. The long-term use of sleeping medications may lead to adverse effects; therefore, safe and easily applicable complementary therapies are needed. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of peppermint oil aromatherapy in improving sleep quality among stroke patients in the working area of Barebbo Community Health Center, Bone Regency. The method used was the implementation of complementary therapy through the administration of peppermint oil aromatherapy to stroke patients experiencing sleep disturbances. Sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) before and after the intervention. The assessment results showed that before the intervention, patients experienced poor sleep quality, characterized by difficulty initiating sleep, frequent nighttime awakenings, insufficient sleep duration, and daytime fatigue. After receiving peppermint oil aromatherapy, patients demonstrated increased comfort, reduced anxiety, improved ability to initiate sleep, and better overall sleep quality compared to their condition before the intervention. Therefore, peppermint oil aromatherapy was found to be effective in improving sleep quality among stroke patients and can be used as a complementary non-pharmacological intervention in nursing care.

Background: Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) patients undergoing long-term hemodialysis often experience anxiety due to therapy dependency, changes in health conditions, and uncertainty regarding the disease. Unresolved anxiety can reduce quality of life, comfort, and patient adherence to treatment. Therefore, non-pharmacological interventions are needed that are safe, easy to implement, and aligned with the patient's spiritual values. Mantram Tri Sandya has the potential to provide relaxation and psychological calm, thus helping to reduce anxiety. However, scientific evidence regarding the effectiveness of this therapy in hemodialysis patients is still limited, making this research crucial.  Purpose: The aim of this research is to determine the effect of the Tri Sandya mantra on reducing anxiety levels in CKD patients who are undergoing hemodialysis at the Buleleng Regency Regional Hospital. Methods: Pre-Experimental One Group Pre-Test & Post-Test research design with the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test conducted at the Buleleng Regency Regional General Hospital. Data were collected using the HARS (Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale) questionnaire sheet with Purposive Sampling technique with a sample size of 88 people. Results: The results obtained from this study were that there was a decrease in anxiety levels when given Mantra Tri Sandya therapy to CKD patients who were undergoing hemodialysis with a P value <0.001 (p<0.05). Conclusion: There is a significant effect of administering the Tri Sandy mantra on reducing anxiety levels in CKD patients who are undergoing hemodialysis at the Buleleng Regency Regional Hospital.

Anxiety during pregnancy is one of the most common psychological problems experienced by pregnant women, particularly during the third trimester when they face childbirth preparation as well as various physical and emotional changes. If not properly managed, anxiety may adversely affect both maternal and fetal health. This study aimed to describe the level of anxiety among third-trimester pregnant women at Mlati II Public Health Center in 2026. This research employed a descriptive quantitative design with a cross-sectional approach. The study involved 40 third-trimester pregnant women selected using a total sampling technique. Data were collected using the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS) questionnaire and analyzed through univariate analysis in the form of frequency and percentage distributions. The results showed that most respondents were of healthy reproductive age (20–35 years) (92.5%), primigravida (67.5%), had a secondary level of education (70%), and were unemployed (70%). The respondents' anxiety levels were categorized as no anxiety (47.5%), mild anxiety (47.5%), and moderate anxiety (5%), while no cases of severe anxiety or panic were identified. The most dominant anxiety indicators were anxious feelings, tension, respiratory symptoms, and sleep disturbances. These findings indicate that some third-trimester pregnant women still experience anxiety, highlighting the need for early detection, health education, and psychological support through antenatal care services to promote maternal mental well-being during pregnancy.

The rapid expansion of social media has intensified the phenomenon of Fear of Missing Out (FOMO), a form of anxiety arising from the perception that others are experiencing more rewarding lives. With more than 5.17 billion active social media users worldwide in 2024, including Indonesians who spend over three hours daily on social media, FOMO has become an increasingly prevalent psychological and social issue. This study employs a qualitative approach using a systematic literature review to examine the relationship between social media use, FOMO, and psychological well-being, while exploring its spiritual dimensions from an Islamic perspective. The analysis draws on Social Comparison Theory, Self-Determination Theory, and Islamic psychospiritual concepts, particularly qana'ah (contentment) as articulated by Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyyah. The findings indicate that FOMO is strongly influenced by social comparison, declining self-esteem, and compulsive engagement with digital platforms, all of which contradict Islamic values such as qana'ah, tawakkul (reliance on God), shukr (gratitude), and zuhd (detachment from excessive worldly attachment). The study argues that FOMO should be understood not only as a psychological problem but also as a spiritual challenge resulting from the erosion of inner contentment. To address this issue, the study proposes integrating evidence-based digital well-being strategies with Islamic spiritual practices, including mindful dhikr, structured digital detox, and gratitude cultivation. This research contributes to the growing field of Islamic digital psychology by offering an integrative framework for promoting psychological resilience and spiritual well-being in Muslim communities.

 Toxic work environments are becoming an issue that is getting more and more attention in human resource management because of its destructive impact on the psychological well-being of employees and organizational stability. Unhealthy interpersonal relationships, authoritarian leadership, bullying, and recurrent disrespectful behavior create a work atmosphere full of stress and uncertainty. This condition not only triggers work stress, anxiety, and emotional exhaustion, it further exacerbates these challenges, as high work demands and a lack of work-life balance make employees, especially Generation Z, increasingly vulnerable to mental health disorders. This study aims to analyze the influence of toxic work environments on employees' mental health as well as its impact on the intention to quit their jobs. The method used is a literature study with a qualitative approach, analyzing relevant scientific articles. The results of the study showed that a toxic work environment characterized by violence, bullying, tyrannical leadership, unfriendliness, and exclusion had a significant effect on the increase in work stress, psychological pressure, work stress and intention to quit work. Toxic leadership is the main factor in forming an unhealthy work culture. Social support, especially from supervisors, plays a protective role as a protective factor that mediates these negative relationships. Generation Z was found to be more sensitive to injustice and rights violations in the workplace. The study concludes that organizations need to prioritize psychological safety, implement supportive leadership, and provide tangible organizational policies and support to maintain employees' mental health and reduce work stress rates for long-term organizational sustainability.

Submandibular Abscess is an accumulation of pus in the neck space resulting from the spread of infection, most commonly originating from dental infection. This condition requires surgical incision and drainage along with comprehensive nursing care to prevent serious complications. This study used a descriptive method in the form of a case study approach through the nursing process, aimed at describing nursing care for patients with Pre and Post Op Submandibular Abscess. Nursing diagnoses that emerged in Ny. T consisted of five diagnoses: Pre-op: Acute Pain related to physiological injuring agent and Anxiety related to situational crisis. Post-op: Acute Pain related to physical injuring agent, Risk of Infection evidenced by invasive procedures, and Knowledge Deficit related to lack of information exposure. Interventions provided included Pain Management, Relaxation Therapy, Infection Prevention, and Health Education. After nursing implementation for four days (February 12-15, 2026), out of the five diagnoses, two were fully resolved: anxiety and knowledge deficit, while three others were partially resolved due to time constraints, requiring continuous follow-up of nursing care.

This study aims to analyze the effect of homework load and extended study hours on students’ learning stress levels. The background of this research is based on increasing academic demands that may affect students’ psychological conditions. This study employs a qualitative approach with data collected through observation and interviews. The results indicate that excessive homework load and prolonged study duration significantly contribute to higher levels of learning stress. Students tend to experience physical and mental fatigue, decreased motivation, and difficulty managing time between study and rest. In addition, pressure to achieve high academic performance further exacerbates stress levels. Other factors such as lack of environmental support and less varied teaching methods also influence students’ stress. Furthermore, students often report feelings of anxiety and emotional exhaustion when academic tasks accumulate without adequate rest periods. This condition not only affects their psychological well-being but also reduces concentration and learning effectiveness in the classroom. Therefore, balanced learning load management, appropriate task distribution, and more effective and humanistic teaching strategies are needed to reduce learning stress and improve the quality of education. Schools and educators are encouraged to consider students’ cognitive capacity and mental health in designing assignments and study schedules to create a more supportive learning environment.

Medical students need to take the Competence test as Doctor Profession Program (UKMPPD) to be passed and earned their medical profession. Exams are one of the most common stressors experienced by medical students and the body will respond to these stressors in the form of feelings of depression or anxiety. Anxiety and depression itself can affect student performance during exam preparation. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between anxiety and depression on the preparation of the Professional Doctoral Program Competency Test (UKMPPD) for students of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Pattimura. The method used is quantitative analysis with cross sectional research design and total sampling technique. The sample is all the student population of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Pattimura who meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria, totaling 90 respondents. The results showed that the majority of respondents experienced mild anxiety symptoms, which is 37% during the CBT exam and 34% during the OSCE exam. The majority of respondents also did not experience depression, which is 68% during the CBT and 70% during the OSCE and the majority had an optimal level of preparation for UKMPPD, which is 63% during the CBT and 64% during the OSCE. Data analysis using the chi square test showed a significant relationship between anxiety symptom and the level of preparation for UKMPPD both CBT (p=0.030) and OSCE (p=0.012). There was no significant relationship between depression symptom and the level of preparation for UKMPPD for both CBT (p=0.123) and OSCE (p=0.07). It can be concluded that there is a significant relationship between anxiety and preparation for UKMPPD, but there is no significant relationship between depression and preparation for UKMPPD.

This study aims to analyze the participation of the faithful in the Sacrament of Penance and to identify the pastoral challenges influencing its practice in the Vicariate of West Sulawesi, Archdiocese of Makassar. Theologically, the Sacrament of Penance serves as a means of reconciliation that restores the relationship between humanity, God, and the Church. However, in contemporary contexts, its practice encounters various social, psychological, and pastoral dynamics. This research employed a descriptive quantitative approach involving 267 respondents from four parishes through questionnaire distribution. The data were analyzed using percentage-based statistics to map participation frequency, spiritual motivation, level of understanding, post-sacramental experiences, and perceived obstacles. The findings indicate that although most respondents demonstrate strong theological understanding, sincere spiritual motivation, and positive spiritual experiences after receiving absolution, participation remains largely seasonal and periodic. The principal challenges include psychological factors such as shame and anxiety, structural limitations related to schedule and accessibility, and formative deficiencies such as insufficient ongoing catechesis. The study concludes that the primary issue is not a crisis of faith in the sacrament itself, but a gap between theological awareness and concrete practice, thus calling for more dialogical, communicative, and contextual pastoral renewal.

Instagram social media addiction has become an increasingly common phenomenon among university students. Excessive use of Instagram can negatively affect mental, social, and academic well-being, and may increase the risk of social anxiety. Students who experience Instagram addiction tend to have reduced direct social interaction, and fear of negative evaluation from others, which are key factors contributing to social anxiety. This study aims to determine the relationship between Instagram social media addiction and social anxiety among students. This study used a quantitative approach with a cross-sectional design. The sample consisted of 105 respondents selected using purposive sampling. The instruments used were the Instagram Addiction Scale (TIAS) and the Social Anxiety Scale for Social Media Users (SAS-SMU). Data analysis was conducted using the Chi-Square test. The results showed that most respondents had a moderate level of Instagram addiction (56.2%) and a moderate level of social anxiety (68.6%). The Chi-Square test indicated a significant relationship between Instagram addiction and social anxiety, with a p-value < 0.001 (p < 0.05). There is a significant relationship between Instagram addiction and social anxiety among students. However, the relationship is not always linear, as higher levels of addiction do not necessarily correspond to higher levels of social anxiety.

Instagram social media addiction has become an increasingly common phenomenon among university students. Excessive use of Instagram can negatively affect mental, social, and academic well-being, and may increase the risk of social anxiety. Students who experience Instagram addiction tend to have reduced direct social interaction, and fear of negative evaluation from others, which are key factors contributing to social anxiety. This study aims to determine the relationship between Instagram social media addiction and social anxiety among students. This study used a quantitative approach with a cross-sectional design. The sample consisted of 105 respondents selected using purposive sampling. The instruments used were the Instagram Addiction Scale (TIAS) and the Social Anxiety Scale for Social Media Users (SAS-SMU). Data analysis was conducted using the Chi-Square test. The results showed that most respondents had a moderate level of Instagram addiction (56.2%) and a moderate level of social anxiety (68.6%). The Chi-Square test indicated a significant relationship between Instagram addiction and social anxiety, with a p-value < 0.001 (p < 0.05). There is a significant relationship between Instagram addiction and social anxiety among students. However, the relationship is not always linear, as higher levels of addiction do not necessarily correspond to higher levels of social anxiety.

This study aims to analyze public sentiment toward the hashtag #KaburAjaDulu, which has circulated widely on the social media platform X (formerly Twitter). The hashtag reflects the growing anxiety among the public, especially younger generations, regarding socio-political issues in Indonesia. The data were collected using web scraping techniques, focusing on user-generated tweets that contain the hashtag. A comprehensive text preprocessing phase was conducted to clean the raw data by removing irrelevant elements such as URLs, emojis, numbers, and punctuation. The research applies a hybrid classification approach using a combination of Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Random Forest algorithms to categorize sentiment into three classes: positive, negative, and neutral. The performance of the model was evaluated using metrics such as accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score to determine the effectiveness of the classification. The study aims to demonstrate that combining algorithms can improve classification performance compared to using a single algorithm. This research contributes to the field of sentiment analysis and provides valuable insights for researchers, policymakers, and social observers in understanding public opinion trends in digital media.

Sleep duration and sleep quality are essential physiological needs that play a significant role in the emotional and behavioral development of children aged 3–6 years. Adequate sleep supports brain development, cognitive functioning, emotional regulation, and social interaction skills in early childhood. Conversely, poor sleep duration and low sleep quality may negatively affect children’s attention, mood stability, and ability to interact socially with peers and caregivers. This article is a literature review using a systematic review approach that analyzes 10 scientific articles published between 2016–2026 to evaluate the relationship between sleep duration and sleep quality with emotional and behavioral problems in preschool children. The article selection process followed the PRISMA flow diagram, with articles sourced from Google Scholar, PubMed, and ScienceDirect databases. The findings consistently indicate that inadequate sleep duration and poor sleep quality are associated with increased emotional and behavioral problems, including hyperactivity, anxiety, emotional dysregulation, and difficulties in social interaction among children. Furthermore, sleep disturbances were found to negatively influence children’s emotional self-regulation abilities, which are crucial for adaptive behavior. Therefore, ensuring adequate sleep duration and improving sleep quality are important strategies to support optimal emotional and behavioral development in preschool-aged children.

This study discusses the moral conflict and guilt experienced by the Grandfather character in the short story “Robohnya Surau Kami” by A.A. Navis through Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalytic perspective. The study aims to describe the forms of moral conflict, guilt, and the dynamics of id, ego, and superego that influence the psychological condition of the character. This research employed a qualitative descriptive method with a literary psychology approach. The data source was the short story “Robohnya Surau Kami”, while the data consisted of narrative quotations, dialogues, and expressions indicating psychological conflict experienced by the character. Data collection techniques were conducted through reading and note-taking methods, followed by data analysis using Freud’s psychoanalytic theory. The findings reveal that the Grandfather character experiences deep moral conflict after realizing that the worship he devoted throughout his life is considered meaningless because it ignores social responsibility. The dominance of the superego causes excessive guilt, anxiety, self-punishment, and psychological pressure that eventually lead to self-destructive behavior. The imbalance between id, ego, and superego also strengthens the character’s inner conflict. This study implies that literary works can represent complex human psychological conditions and demonstrates the relevance of Freud’s psychoanalytic theory in analyzing Indonesian literary works, particularly in understanding moral conflict and guilt experienced by literary characters.

The development of artificial intelligence (AI) has fundamentally transformed digital marketing communication, while emerging as a strategic instrument in public relations practices of global corporations. This study aims to examine the construction of meaning around artificial intelligence as a financial solution within the cultural context of Lebaran, while analyzing the PR communication strategy employed by Google Indonesia in building persuasive messages for its public on digital platforms. The research object is a video advertisement posted on the official Instagram account @googleindonesia on March 7, 2025, promoting the Gemini Canvas feature for managing Tunjangan Hari Raya (THR) budgets. This study employs a descriptive qualitative approach with an interpretive paradigm, integrating two complementary analytical perspectives: first, Roland Barthes three-level semiotic analysis — denotation, connotation, and myth — to deconstruct meaning constructed through visual, verbal, and auditory signs in the advertisement; second, the PR communication strategy framework from Smith (2021) to identify how the choices of mascot, emotional message, and cultural appeal represent strategically planned communication decisions by Google Indonesia. The findings reveal that Google Indonesia constructs Gemini Canvas as an empathetic and culturally aware entity through three key elements: anthropomorphic symbolism in the form of a bespectacled cat functioning as brand mascot, local cultural markers of ketupat and THR, and Arabic-nuanced music that aurally reinforces the Lebaran atmosphere — all representing deliberate strategic PR decisions. From Smith’s (2021) perspective, the advertisement applies a proactive communication strategy combining negative emotional appeal — financial anxiety ahead of THR — immediately followed by positive emotional appeal as a concrete solution through Gemini Canvas, representing a structured form of public perception shaping. At the myth level, the advertisement normalizes reliance on digital platforms through systematic cultural localization. This study contributes to understanding AI-based digital marketing communication strategies and the shaping of public perception on AI technology by global corporations in the Indonesian market.