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Breastfeeding should ideally begin immediately after birth and be provided exclusively for the first six months of life. However, in 2022, the coverage of exclusive breastfeeding among infants aged 0–6 months in Jayapura was only 21%, which remains far below the national target of 45%. Various factors contribute to this low coverage, including limited knowledge, lack of experience, insufficient support systems, and concerns among adolescent mothers that breastfeeding may interfere with their education or employment. This study aimed to explore the breastfeeding experiences of adolescent mothers in Wahno Village, Abepura Subdistrict. A qualitative research design was used, with structured interviews conducted using a questionnaire. The results indicated that the initiation of exclusive breastfeeding among adolescent mothers was generally positive. Participants reported mixed emotional experiences, including feelings of happiness, pride, stress, and discomfort. Family support, particularly from husbands, played an important role in sustaining breastfeeding practices. Most respondents also demonstrated adequate knowledge regarding how to manage breastfeeding-related challenges. Overall, adolescent mothers in Wahno Village showed a reasonable level of understanding and commitment toward exclusive breastfeeding. Continued education and support are recommended to further strengthen breastfeeding practices among adolescent mothers and their families.

Children with special needs, particularly those with intellectual disabilities, often experience difficulties in emotional development, communication skills, and social interaction. These conditions may make it challenging for them to express their feelings, regulate their emotions, and adapt to their surroundings. Based on observations conducted at SLBN Pembina Kupang, several children were found to be easily angered, lacking in self-confidence, and experiencing difficulties in social interaction. The implementation of this program consisted of three stages: preparation, implementation, and evaluation. The program began with coordination with the school, the preparation of coloring materials and equipment, and the selection of participants. Subsequently, the children participated in play therapy through coloring activities under the guidance of the service team and teachers. Evaluation was carried out by observing the children's participation, changes in emotional expression, and social interaction skills throughout the activities. The results showed that play therapy through coloring activities had a positive impact on the children's emotional development. The children became calmer, more confident, and better able to express their feelings. In addition, the activities helped improve their social skills, cooperation, concentration, discipline, and fine motor skills. Therefore, play therapy through coloring activities can serve as an effective, simple, and sustainable intervention to support the emotional development of children with special needs at SLBN Pembina Kupang.

Cases of sexual violence against early childhood in Indonesia remain high, while children's understanding of body boundaries and parents' readiness to provide sexual education are still limited. This study aims to design an educational medium in the form of motion graphics to convey body boundary concepts to young children through parental guidance. The research employs a qualitative method with the Multimedia Development Life Cycle (MDLC) approach, which includes the stages of concept, design, material collecting, assembly, testing, and distribution. Data collection techniques consist of literature study, observation, and questionnaires conducted in the Kejawan Putih Tambak area. The findings indicate that children still have difficulty understanding body boundary concepts, while parents are aware of the importance of early sexual education but feel hesitant and uncomfortable delivering it. The developed motion graphics media is considered effective as it presents information in an engaging, communicative, and easily understandable way. Therefore, motion graphics can serve as an effective solution to assist parents in delivering sexual education to children from an early age. 

Early Childhood Education (PAUD) is a stage of education that plays a crucial role in maximizing children's cognitive, social-emotional, motor skills, and creativity growth at their peak developmental stage. Children aged three to six learn efficiently through play, hands-on exploration, and interaction with their surroundings. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of loose parts media based on natural materials as a means to stimulate creativity in early childhood at PAUD Pelita Mandiri Kertek. This study adopted a descriptive qualitative approach and utilized data collection techniques such as observation, in-depth interviews with teachers, and documentation of children's work. The main focus of this study was on the use of various natural materials, such as corn cobs, twigs, pebbles, and leaves, in play and learning activities. The results showed that loose parts media using natural materials can enhance children's creativity by improving problem-solving skills, strengthening verbal skills in expressing ideas and telling stories about their work, and supporting independent learning because children are actively involved in the educational process. The open-ended nature of the materials allows children to explore and express their ideas freely, thus creating a learning atmosphere full of creativity, innovation, and fun. The implications of this research indicate that the use of loose parts media based on natural materials can be an alternative learning method that is not only effective, but also economical and easy to implement to support the development of children's creativity, independence, and thinking skills, in line with the principles of child-centered learning.

This study examines how parents can serve as role models in fostering the spiritual growth of their adolescents. Parents play a fundamental role in shaping their children's character and faith by providing positive examples that adolescents can imitate in their daily lives. Spiritual growth during adolescence is particularly important because it serves as a strong foundation for their future faith, values, and moral development. The purpose of this study is to explore how parental role modeling influences adolescents' spiritual growth. This research employed a qualitative methodology using a library research approach. Relevant books, journal articles, theological literature, and other scholarly references were analyzed to examine theories and concepts related to parental roles and adolescent spiritual formation. The findings indicate that effective parental role modeling is demonstrated through words, behavior, love, faithfulness, integrity, and purity, which encourage adolescents to develop a deeper relationship with God and practice Christian values consistently. The study concludes that parents should actively model faith in everyday life as an essential part of educating their adolescents. By becoming living examples of Christian values, parents can significantly contribute to nurturing adolescents' spiritual maturity and strengthening their commitment to a lifelong life of faith.

Masa balita merupakan periode emas (golden period) yang menentukan pertumbuhan dan perkembangan anak. Salah satu upaya stimulasi yang dapat dilakukan untuk mendukung tumbuh kembang, meningkatkan kualitas tidur, nafsu makan, serta membantu peningkatan berat badan balita adalah pemberian pijat bayi/balita sehat. Asuhan kebidanan komunitas berperan penting dalam meningkatkan pengetahuan dan keterampilan keluarga dalam memberikan stimulasi yang tepat kepada balita. Mendeskripsikan pelaksanaan asuhan kebidanan komunitas pada keluarga Tn. T, khususnya An. R usia 2 tahun, melalui pemberian pijat bayi/balita sehat sebagai upaya meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan perkembangan balita. Artikel ini menggunakan metode studi kasus deskriptif dengan pendekatan manajemen kebidanan yang meliputi pengkajian, identifikasi masalah, penetapan diagnosis, perencanaan, implementasi, evaluasi, dan tindak lanjut. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara, observasi, pemeriksaan fisik, serta dokumentasi selama pelaksanaan praktik kebidanan komunitas di Desa Batunyala. Hasil asuhan menunjukkan bahwa pemberian edukasi dan praktik pijat bayi/balita sehat dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan keluarga mengenai manfaat pijat balita serta kemampuan keluarga dalam melakukan stimulasi secara mandiri. Balita tampak lebih rileks, tidur lebih nyenyak, dan orang tua memahami pentingnya stimulasi rutin sebagai bagian dari upaya mendukung pertumbuhan, perkembangan, serta pencegahan gangguan gizi dan stunting. Asuhan kebidanan komunitas melalui pemberian pijat bayi/balita sehat merupakan intervensi komplementer yang efektif untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan keluarga dan mendukung optimalisasi tumbuh kembang balita. Keterlibatan aktif keluarga dalam melakukan pijat secara rutin di rumah menjadi salah satu strategi promotif dan preventif yang dapat meningkatkan kualitas kesehatan balita.

Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja (K3) pada sektor pertanian masih sering diabaikan, khususnya oleh Komunitas Adat Terpencil (KAT) Suku Anak Dalam (SAD) yang memiliki keterbatasan literasi dan akses informasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh intervensi video edukasi Safety Farming terhadap peningkatan pengetahuan, sikap, dan praktik K3 pada petani Suku Anak Dalam di Desa Bukit Suban. Jenis penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif pre-experimental dengan desain One-Group Pretest-Posttest. Sampel penelitian berjumlah 45 responden petani laki-laki yang dipilih berdasarkan kriteria inklusi. Pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner wawancara terpimpin dan lembar observasi. Data dianalisis secara bivariat menggunakan uji non-parametrik Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test (? = 0,05). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya peningkatan yang sangat signifikan pada rata-rata skor pengetahuan responden dari 4,93 menjadi 8,82 (p=0,000). Rata-rata skor sikap mengalami peningkatan dari 37,78 menjadi 47,80 (p=0,000), serta rata-rata skor praktik meningkat tajam dari 5,02 menjadi 9,27 (p=0,000) pasca-intervensi.Video edukasi Safety Farming terbukti sangat efektif secara statistik sebagai media promosi kesehatan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan kognitif, sikap kehati-hatian, dan praktik K3 secara nyata pada petani KAT Suku Anak Dalam yang memiliki tingkat literasi rendah.

Child support rights after divorce constitute a fundamental right that must be protected to ensure children's welfare and development. However, many children do not receive adequate financial support because parents, particularly fathers, fail to fulfill their obligations after divorce. This study aims to analyze the legal regulation of child support rights after divorce and examine the legal protection available when these rights are neglected. The research employs normative legal research using statutory and conceptual approaches. Legal materials were collected through library research, including legislation, legal literature, scholarly journals, and relevant court decisions. The findings show that Indonesian law provides a comprehensive legal framework through the Marriage Law, the Child Protection Law, and the Compilation of Islamic Law, all of which affirm that divorce does not terminate parental responsibilities. Under Islamic law, the obligation to provide child support remains with the father. Legal protection is available through civil and criminal mechanisms, including enforcement claims and criminal liability for child abandonment. However, weak law enforcement, limited supervision of court decisions, and low legal awareness continue to hinder effective protection. Strengthening enforcement, increasing legal awareness, and enhancing state involvement are essential to ensure the fulfillment of child support rights after divorce.

Dental caries is one of the most common oral health problems among young children. Preschool-aged children are highly dependent on their parents, especially mothers, for dental health care. A mother's level of knowledge is expected to influence the incidence of caries in children. Purpose: This study aims to determine the relationship between maternal knowledge and the incidence of dental caries among children at Qalby Play School, Bogor Regency. Method: This research employed a cross-sectional design with an analytic survey approach. The population consisted of all mothers and their children at Qalby Play School, totaling 30 participants, selected using total sampling. Data were collected using questionnaires to assess maternal knowledge and odontogram sheets to measure caries incidence. Data were analyzed using univariate and bivariate analysis with the Chi-square test. Result: The results showed a significant relationship between maternal knowledge and the incidence of dental caries in children, with a p-value 0,047 < 0,05. Conclusion: There is a statistically significant relationship between maternal knowledge and the incidence of dental caries in children. Therefore, it is important for parents, especially mothers, to pay close attention to their children's oral health by ensuring proper and regular tooth brushing and scheduling dental check- ups every six months.

Pertumbuhan anak usia 24–59 bulan merupakan periode penting yang dipengaruhi oleh kecukupan asupan zat gizi, salah satunya protein. Kekurangan protein dalam jangka panjang dapat menyebabkan gangguan pertumbuhan linier berupa stunting yang berdampak terhadap kualitas tumbuh kembang anak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan asupan protein dengan status pertumbuhan anak usia 24–59 bulan. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain observasional analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional yang dilakukan di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Bambu Kabupaten Mamuju. Sampel penelitian berjumlah 30 anak usia 24–59 bulan yang dipilih menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Data asupan protein diperoleh melalui food record, sedangkan status pertumbuhan diukur menggunakan indikator antropometri berat badan menurut umur (BB/U), tinggi badan menurut umur (TB/U), dan berat badan menurut tinggi badan (BB/TB). Analisis data menggunakan uji Spearman’s Rho dan Fisher’s Exact dengan tingkat kemaknaan ?=0,05. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 70% anak mengalami stunting berdasarkan indikator TB/U, terdiri dari kategori stunted sebesar 50% dan severely stunted sebesar 20%. Terdapat hubungan antara asupan protein dengan BB/U (p=0,05; r=0,593) dan TB/U (p=0,000; r=0,601), sedangkan tidak terdapat hubungan antara asupan protein dengan BB/TB (p=1,000; r=0,023). Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah asupan protein berhubungan dengan status pertumbuhan anak terutama pada indikator TB/U. Pemenuhan protein yang cukup dan berkualitas, terutama protein hewani, perlu menjadi perhatian dalam upaya mendukung pertumbuhan dan mencegah gangguan pertumbuhan pada balita

This study aims to analyze the bankruptcy process of PT Sri Rejeki Isman Tbk (Sritex) according to Law Number 37 of 2004. In addition, the legal impact on its subsidiary, PT Primayudha Mandirijaya in Boyolali, including legal protection for affected employees, will also  yang be reviewed. The research method used is normative legal research with a statutory approach and a conceptual approach. Data were obtained through a literature review of relevant regulations and legal literature. The results of the study indicate that although PT Sri Rejeki Isman Tbk has been declared bankrupt by the commercial court, legally, the assets of PT Primayudha Mandirijaya as a subsidiary do not immediately become part of the bankruptcy estate of its parent company. This is based on the principle that the legal entity is independent (separate legal entity) and its responsimerupakan bilities are limited (limited liability), which separates the assets in question from the parent company and the subsidiary, unless there is evidence indicating a guarantee from the company (corporate guarantee). Furthermore, the legal study on labor protection emphasizes that the rights of PT Primayudha Mandirijaya employees need to be legally protected in accordance with national labor regulations and bankruptcy law to mitigate the social and economic impacts in the Boyolali region. The study concludes that the legal existence of the subsidiary remains independent despite the bankruptcy of its parent company. However, it is crucial to prioritize contractual risk reduction and worker rights security during the curator's handling.

Program Makanan Bergizi Gratis (MBG) merupakan salah satu upaya pemerintah dalam meningkatkan status gizi anak sekolah dasar melalui penyediaan makanan sehat dan bergizi. Namun, keberhasilan program ini tidak hanya ditentukan oleh ketersediaan makanan, tetapi juga dipengaruhi oleh perilaku konsumsi siswa. Perilaku konsumsi makanan pada anak sekolah dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor, seperti pengetahuan gizi, pengaruh teman sebaya, peran guru, rasa makanan, dan kebiasaan makan di rumah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi perilaku konsumsi Makanan Bergizi Gratis (MBG) pada siswa Sekolah Dasar Negeri 66 Kota Jambi. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan desain cross sectional. Populasi penelitian adalah seluruh siswa kelas IV dan V SDN 66 Kota Jambi sebanyak 231 siswa. Sampel penelitian berjumlah 96 responden yang dipilih menggunakan teknik stratified random sampling. Data dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner yang telah diuji validitas dan reliabilitasnya. Analisis data dilakukan secara univariat dan bivariat menggunakan uji Chi-Square. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar siswa memiliki pengetahuan gizi yang baik. Analisis bivariat menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara pengetahuan gizi (p=0,868) dan pengaruh teman sebaya (p=0,229) dengan perilaku konsumsi MBG. Namun, terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara peran guru (p=0,005), rasa makanan (p=0,045), dan kebiasaan makan di rumah (p=0,005) dengan perilaku konsumsi MBG. Faktor yang paling memengaruhi perilaku konsumsi siswa adalah rasa makanan dan dukungan lingkungan sekitar

Ibu memiliki peran yang sangat penting dalam pencegahan stunting sejak masa prakonsepsi, kehamilan, hingga anak berusia dua tahun. Pengetahuan ibu mengenai gizi, stunting, dan praktik kesehatan anak menjadi dasar dalam menentukan pola asuh yang tepat . Penelitian ini bertujuan Untuk mengetahui Hubungan Persepsi Dengan pengetahuan ibu Dalam Pencegahan Stunting Pada Balita Di Puskesmas Mojolangu Kota Malang. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain analitik korelasional Populasi penelitian adalah seluruh ibu yang memiliki balita usia 0–59 bulan yang berkunjung ke Poli KIA Puskesmas Mojolangu sebanyak 50 orang. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan total sampling .Analisis data dilakukan secara univariat untuk menggambarkan karakteristik responden dan distribusi variabel penelitian, serta analisis bivariat menggunakan uji Chi-Square dengan tingkat kepercayaan 95% (? = 0,05). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian  menunjukkan nilai p-value = 0,000 (< 0,05), sehingga H? ditolak dan H? diterima yaitu terdapat adanya  hubungan yang signifikan antara persepsi ibu dan pengetahuan tentang pencegahan stunting pada balita. Nilai koefisien korelasi sebesar (r=0,817). semakin positif persepsi ibu mengenai stunting maka semakin baik pula pengetahuannya tentang pencegahan stunting

Gangguan motorik halus pada anak usia prasekolah masih cukup tinggi, sehingga pada stimulasi untuk melatih kemampuan motorik halus anak, dalam melalui permainan edukatif seperti permainan kolase. Mengetahui pengaruh permainan kolase tematik terhadap kemampuan motorik halus anak usia prasekolah di TK Islam Gita Nanda Kecamatan Lowokwaru Kota Malang. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain quasi experimental dengan rancangan two group pretest-posttest design. Sampel penelitian berjumlah 41 responden yang terdiri dari kelompok kontrol sebanyak 21 anak dan kelompok intervensi sebanyak 20 anak. Intervensi permainan kolase tematik dilakukan selama 25 menit sebanyak 6 kali pertemuan. Pengumpulan data menggunakan lembar observasi kemampuan motorik halus. Analisis data menggunakan uji Wilcoxon dan uji Mann Whitney dengan taraf signifikansi ? = 0,05. Sebelum intervensi, seluruh responden (100%) pada kelompok intervensi berada pada kategori Belum Berkembang (BB). Setelah diberikan intervensi permainan kolase tematik, kemampuan motorik halus meningkat menjadi kategori Berkembang Sangat Baik (BSB) pada seluruh responden (100%). Hasil uji statistik menunjukkan nilai p-value = 0,000 (<0,05), sedangkan pada kelompok kontrol tidak terdapat perubahan yang signifikan dengan nilai p-value = 0,157 (>0,05). Permainan kolase tematik berpengaruh signifikan terhadap peningkatan kemampuan motorik halus anak usia prasekolah di TK Islam Gita Nanda Kecamatan Lowokwaru Kota Malang. Permainan kolase tematik dapat digunakan sebagai salah satu metode stimulasi perkembangan motorik halus pada anak usia prasekolah.

Perkara tentang pengesahan asal usul anak dari hasil perkawinan siri terdapat pada Penetapan Pengadilan Agama Nomor 61/Pdt.P/2023/PA.PBUN tanggal 23 Juni 2023 yang menyatakan bahwa anak telah disahkan sebagai anak sah pasangan suami istri yang sebelumnya melakukan perkawinan siri. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji: (1) perlindungan hukum bagi anak yang dilahirkan dari hasil perkawinan siri; (2) pertimbangan hukum hakim terkait asal usul anak dari hasil perkawinan siri dalam penetapan tersebut; dan (3) akibat hukum penetapan asal usul anak dari hasil perkawinan siri. Metode penelitian menggunakan pendekatan yuridis normatif dengan spesifikasi deskriptif-analitis dan analisis kualitatif terhadap data sekunder, yang meliputi bahan hukum primer, sekunder, dan tersier. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlindungan hukum terhadap anak hasil perkawinan siri merupakan refleksi perkembangan hukum keluarga Indonesia yang semakin berorientasi pada perlindungan hak anak. Majelis Hakim dalam Penetapan Nomor 61/Pdt.P/2023/PA.PBUN menilai bahwa anak yang lahir dari perkawinan siri dapat ditetapkan sebagai anak sah sepanjang terbukti adanya hubungan perkawinan dan hubungan biologis antara ayah dan ibu kandungnya, dengan mendasarkan pada alat bukti autentik, keterangan saksi, serta dalil fikhiyah dan ketentuan perundang-undangan. Penetapan asal usul anak menimbulkan akibat hukum yang signifikan, meliputi pengakuan status keperdataan anak, timbulnya hubungan keperdataan dengan ayah biologis, kewajiban nafkah dan pemeliharaan, perlindungan hak ekonomi anak, serta pemenuhan hak administrasi kependudukan

Bell’s palsy merupakan kelumpuhan perifer nervus fasialis (N VII) yang bersifat akut dan umumnya idiopatik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk  melaporkan kasus tentang gambaran klinis dan tata laksana Bell’s palsy perifer sinistra pada pasien anak usia 3 tahun. Jenis penelitian ini penelitian studi kasus melaporkan kasus Pasien datang dengan keluhan wajah asimetris sejak dua hari sebelum pemeriksaan, ditandai dengan sudut mulut kiri menurun, kesulitan menutup mata kiri (lagoftalmus), serta gangguan saat makan dan minum. Tidak ditemukan riwayat trauma, infeksi sistemik, maupun kelainan neurologis lain. Pemeriksaan fisik menunjukkan kondisi umum baik dengan tanda vital dalam batas normal. Status neurologis menunjukkan parese nervus fasialis sinistra tipe lower motor neuron, ditandai ketidakmampuan mengerutkan dahi kiri, lipatan nasolabial menghilang, dan senyum asimetris, tanpa keterlibatan saraf kranialis lainnya. Diagnosis ditegakkan sebagai Bell’s palsy perifer sinistra dengan diagnosis banding stroke iskemik dan sindrom Ramsay Hunt. Penatalaksanaan meliputi pemberian kortikosteroid (prednison), vitamin B kompleks, serta edukasi latihan otot wajah. Evaluasi lanjutan menunjukkan perbaikan bertahap dan pasien sembuh total dalam 14 hari tanpa komplikasi. Kasus ini menegaskan pentingnya diagnosis dini dan terapi adekuat pada Bell’s palsy anak untuk mencegah komplikasi dan mempercepat pemulihan fungsi saraf fasialis.

Tingginya kebiasaan mengonsumsi jajanan di lingkungan sekolah sering kali tidak diimbangi dengan kemampuan siswa dalam memilih jajanan yang sehat dan aman. Kondisi ini menyebabkan anak berisiko mengonsumsi makanan yang tidak higienis, mengandung bahan berbahaya, serta terkontaminasi mikroba yang dapat menimbulkan berbagai gangguan kesehatan seperti diare, mual, muntah, hingga keracunan pangan. Adapun tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh edukasi menggunakan media game edukasi ular tangga terhadap peningkatan perilaku dalam mengonsumsi jajanan sehat.  Penelitian ini menggunakan desain Pra Eksperimental (Pre-Experimental) melalui pendekatan one group pre test post test design. Data dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner dan media permainan ular tangga edukatif, kemudian Data dianalisis menggunakan uji parsial (uji t). Hasil penelitian Hasil uji parsial (uji t) menunjukkan bahwa variabel pengetahuan dan sikap memiliki nilai signifikansi sebesar 0,000, sedangkan tindakan sebesar 0,001, dimana seluruh nilai Sig. < 0,05. Dengan demikian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa media game edukasi ular tangga berpengaruh signifikan terhadap peningkatan pengetahuan, pembentukan sikap positif, dan tindakan siswa dalam mengonsumsi jajanan sehat di SDN 96 Kendari. Media permainan edukatif terbukti mampu menciptakan suasana belajar yang menarik, interaktif, dan partisipatif sehingga dapat meningkatkan keterlibatan siswa dalam proses pembelajaran

The risk of accidents in the school environment is quite high, but the ability of the School Health Business Team (UKS) to handle emergencies is often still limited to theoretical knowledge without adequate practical skills. This study aims to analyze the influence of the Role Playing and Emergency Simulation (RANGGA) method on the improvement of the knowledge and skills of the UKS Team in junior high school. This study used a quasi-experiment design with a pre-post test with control group design. The research sample amounted to 60 respondents which were taken by purposive sampling technique. The intervention group was given RANGGA training, while the control group was given conventional education. The data were analyzed using the non-parametric Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test because the data distribution was abnormal. In the intervention group, there was an increase in the average knowledge score from 88.7 to 97.9 and the skill score from 87.99 to 97.98. The results of the Wilcoxon test showed a significance value of p<0.001 for both variables in the intervention group, indicating a very strong influence of the RANGGA method. In contrast, although the control group experienced an improvement, the variation in scores remained higher and the improvement was not as significant as the intervention group. The RANGGA method is significantly effective in improving the emergency competence of the UKS Team through an experiential learning approach. It is recommended for school institutions to integrate simulation and role play methods in the UKS training curriculum to ensure optimal emergency response readiness.

Cognitive development is an important aspect of early childhood growth because it forms the foundation for children’s abilities to think, remember, understand concepts, solve problems, and make decisions. Early childhood is often referred to as the golden age since development occurs very rapidly during this period, requiring appropriate stimulation from the surrounding environment, particularly the family. In this context, parents play a crucial role through the parenting styles they apply in daily life. This study aims to examine the relationship between parenting styles and early childhood cognitive development based on findings from previous research. The method used is a narrative review by analyzing relevant scholarly articles published between 2020 and 2026. Articles that met the inclusion criteria were then analyzed descriptively to identify the relationship between parenting styles and children’s cognitive development. The results of the review of 15 selected articles indicate that there is a significant relationship between parenting styles and early childhood cognitive development. Authoritative parenting emerged as the most consistently positive style, characterized by effective communication, emotional support, balanced supervision, and opportunities for children to develop independent thinking skills. Other factors, such as parents’ educational level, involvement in children’s learning activities, and a supportive learning environment, also contribute to cognitive development. In conclusion, authoritative parenting is considered the most effective approach in supporting optimal cognitive development in early childhood.

Minuman manis merupakan minuman yang mengandung kadar gula tinggi dan apabila dikonsumsi secara berlebihan dapat menyebabkan berbagai masalah kesehatan. Konsumsi minuman manis pada anak sekolah masih cukup tinggi sehingga diperlukan edukasi kesehatan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan, sikap, dan tindakan siswa terkait bahaya konsumsi minuman manis. Salah satu metode edukasi yang dapat digunakan yaitu melalui media video dan leaflet. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh edukasi kesehatan dengan media video dan leaflet terhadap peningkatan pengetahuan, sikap, dan tindakan tentang bahaya konsumsi minuman manis di SD Negeri 6 Raha. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah quasy eksperimen dengan pendekatan two group pretest and posttest design. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas 5 dan 6 SD Negeri 6 Raha sebanyak 160 siswa, dengan sampel sebanyak 114 siswa yang dibagi menjadi kelompok eksperimen dan kelompok kontrol masing-masing sebanyak 57 responden yang dipilih menggunakan teknik proportionate random sampling. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji regresi linear berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan nilai signifikansi sebesar 0,000 (p < 0,05), yang berarti terdapat pengaruh edukasi kesehatan menggunakan media video dan leaflet terhadap peningkatan pengetahuan, sikap, dan tindakan siswa tentang bahaya konsumsi minuman manis.