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This study explores the innovative use of chitosan from shellfish and natural cellulose as an additive to decrease the viscosity of used lubricating oils. We synthesized and applied chitosan and cellulose as adsorbents to filter impurities and enhance the rheological properties of the oil. During the experiment, different amounts of chitosan and cellulose were used, and the Ostwald method was used to measure the viscosity. As expected, adding more chitosan (20 grams) made the viscosity much better compared to mixes with cellulose. This led to a viscosity of 658.20 cP, while a 15:5 chitosan-to-cellulose ratio made the viscosity the lowest, at 513.06 cP. FTIR analyses confirmed the structural integrity of chitosan post-synthesis. Challenges in optimizing chitosan production, particularly in achieving standard deacetylation levels, were noted as potential limitations. The results suggest that using biopolymers like chitosan and cellulose together is a long-term way to improve oil recovery and reuse, lower waste, and make industrial uses better. In the future, researchers should concentrate on enhancing the manufacturing process of chitosan to enhance its adsorption capabilities, and explore alternative functional modifications that could enhance its utility in a wider range of scenarios

Coal mining activities often result in acid mine drainage (AMD), which can cause environmental pollution if not properly managed. This study aims to evaluate the potential use of fly ash from the Stream Power Plant (PLTU) Tenggarong to mitigate the impacts of AMD, specifically targeting iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), and pH parameters. Acid Mine drainage is formed when sulfide minerals oxidize, producing acidic compounds that can harm the environment. This research focuses on analyzing the ability of fly ash to adsorb iron and manganese from AMD solutions, as well its capability to increase solution pH. Based on the conducted research, the optimum pH value was achieved when using 10 grams and 15 grams of fly ash in the adsorption process. The optimum concentration of iron (Fe) was attained using 10 grams to 15 grams of fly ash, while for manganese (Mn), it was achieved with 20 grams to 25 grams of fly ash. The adsorption process using 25 grams of fly ash showed the highest efficiency in reducing iron (Fe) concentration by 93.78 % and manganese (Mn) concentration by 75.47 %.

Adsorption is a separation process on a particular substance based on the affinity of a compound to a solid. The adsorption process requires an adsorbent as an absorbent material and an adsorbate as an absorbed component. The adsorbent that is often used to absorb Cu2+ ions is silica gel. Silica gel is a rigid gel that is amorphous. In silica gel there are two main bonding groups, namely siloxane and silanol groups which cause silica gel to easily absorb polar molecules, especially water. The purpose of this research is to get the best mass of silica and the effect of the initial concentration of Cu ions on the final concentration of Cu metal. In this study, two operating conditions were varied, namely the mass of silica gel adsorbent 0.4 grams; 0.6 grams; 0.8 grams; 1 gram; 1.2 grams and the initial concentration of Cu metal 3 ppm; 4 ppm; 5 ppm; 6 ppm; 7 ppm. The results of this study showed that the silica content of bagasse ash was 70.97% with a surface area of 283.802 m2/g. The best result of this study reduced the content of copper metal (Cu) by 88% in the condition of silica gel mass of 1.2 grams. The adsorption isotherm shows that the data is more in line with the Freundlich equation. The resulting equation is y = 0.4268x + 0.4969 with an R2 value of 0.9837.

Synthetic dyes contain naphthol dyes, one of which contains Cr metal. tie woven wastewater treatment can be carried out using adsorption methods, one of which is using activated charcoal. This study aims to determine the effect of using coffee grounds as an adsorbent on woven textile waste. The method in this study is an experimental method in the form of Posttest Only Control Group Design. The test parameters include the degree of acidity (pH), organoleptic test, and Chromium (Cr) content test. The results showed that the pH test before contact with activated charcoal had a pH value of 5 (acid), after contact with activated charcoal the pH value became 7 (neutral). Thus, the pH value can be said to meet the quality standards of tie-weaving liquid waste. Meanwhile, in organoleptic testing, there was a change in color from black waste to clear yellow. Whereas in testing the Cr level before contact with activated charcoal reached 4.60 mg/l after the addition of a dose of activated charcoal the Cr level decreased to 0.46 mg/l, 0.22 mg/l, and 0.38 mg/l. The effectiveness of the adsorbent ability of the Cr content test in each treatment (P1, P2, P3), still meets the requirements for the quality standard of woven textile wastewater from Cr metal dyes, SNI No 06-6989-22-2004, it can be concluded that the addition of coffee grounds has an effect on of textile woven wastewater.

Along with increasingly rapid technological developments in our country, the number of existing industries is increasing. Apart from producing useful products, this industry also produces waste. The waste produced contains a lot of heavy metals, one of which is the heavy metal lead. If the lead metal in the waste receives little treatment, this can cause pollution in the environment, even though this waste is present in small quantities, the lead condition is unstable and if it accumulates in the body, it can ultimately trigger cancer cells (carcinogenic) which can be dangerous for health. . In this research, adsorption of PB2+ ions was carried out on canned ground meat, where heavy metal contamination occurred in the ground meat. This research aims to determine the effectiveness of the absorption of heavy metals (Pb) contained in ground beef and their characteristics. The uptake of PB2+ ions in ground beef, measuring the concentration of PB2+ ions before and after receiving treatment, was carried out using an instrument, namely AAS, at a wavelength of 217nm. The research results showed that the effectiveness of ground beef in absorbing PB2+ ions in canned food was as high as brand a: 0.023; brand b: 0.009; brand c: 0.006