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The shift in the structure of modern society's economy from an agrarian base to a service- and expertise-based one has given rise to new forms of income, namely salaries, wages, and professional honorariums, which are not explicitly regulated in classical zakat fiqh. This phenomenon has generated the discourse on professional zakat (zakat profesi) as one of the central issues in contemporary fiqh muamalah. This article aims to analyze the legal basis, the methods for determining nisab and haul, and the map of scholarly disagreement (ikhtilaf) regarding professional zakat, while also examining its relevance to the objective of social justice in Islam. This study employs a qualitative method with a normative-juridical approach through library research, examining the Qur'an, hadith, legal maxims (qawa'id fiqhiyyah), fatwas of religious institutions, and journal articles published within the last five years. The findings show that the majority of contemporary scholars, including Yusuf al-Qardhawi, obligate professional zakat based on the general implication of zakat verses and the method of analogical reasoning (qiyas), likening it to the zakat on gold and silver in terms of nisab (equivalent to 85 grams of gold, at a rate of 2.5%) or to agricultural zakat in terms of the timing of payment. However, some scholars, particularly those adhering to the principle of tauqifiyyah in worship, reject the obligation of professional zakat as a distinct category because it lacks explicit textual basis. This disagreement reflects the methodological tension between textual and contextual approaches in legal reasoning (istinbath al-ahkam), while also demonstrating the flexibility of Islamic fiqh in responding to socio-economic dynamics without abandoning the fundamental principles of sharia. Keywords: Professional Zakat, Contemporary Fiqh, Qiyas, Nisab And Haul, Scholarly Disagreement.

This study aims to analyze the effect of wages and work environment on employee performance at PT. Rezeki Surya Gasindo. The background of this research is based on the importance of decent wages and a conducive work environment as factors that can enhance employee productivity and work quality. This study employs a quantitative method with a causal associative approach. Data were obtained through the distribution of questionnaires to all employees of PT. Rezeki Surya Gasindo and measured using a Likert scale. The data analysis techniques used in this study include validity and reliability tests, R-square test, and hypothesis testing through bootstrapping with SmartPLS 3 software. The results indicate that wages have a positive and significant effect on employee performance, and similarly, the work environment also has a positive and significant effect on employee performance. Simultaneously, wages and work environment are proven to have a significant effect on employee performance. These findings suggest that the company should pay attention to providing appropriate wages and creating a comfortable work environment in order to optimize employee performance.

The feature video titled “Earning Wages Behind Waste” portrays the lives of a waste picker community in Kampung Pemulung, Jurangmangu Barat, South Tangerang, as a concrete representation of the social dynamics of urban society. This study aims to represent the social reality of waste pickers as part of urban community dynamics through an informative and systematic expository directing approach. The creative process was carried out through three main stages pre-production, production, and post-production which were integrated to produce a coherent, structured, and easily understandable narrative flow for the audience. The expository approach is applied through the use of narration as the primary guiding element to explain the visual context, supported by a logical presentation structure, interviews with informants, and relevant factual data. In the directing process, the author actively organizes the flow of information and integrates visual elements, narration, and interviews to produce a work that is informative, contextual, and educational. Furthermore, cinematographic aspects such as shot variation and camera movement are utilized to support the gradual delivery of information, reinforce visual messages, and maintain objectivity in presentation. The results indicate that the expository approach is effective in presenting the factual reality of waste pickers’ lives and in enhancing audience understanding of their socio-economic conditions in a more comprehensive manner.

This study aims to examine the implementation of minimum wages and social security for workers in Kupang City, as well as the factors influencing their implementation. This study is important given that minimum wages and social security are fundamental rights of workers that must be fulfilled to ensure the well-being and protection of the workforce. The research method used in this study is a legal-empirical approach utilizing primary and secondary data obtained through interviews, literature reviews, legislation, expert legal opinions, as well as books and journals related to the research. This approach was used to obtain an overview of the actual conditions regarding the implementation of workers’ rights in Kupang City. The research results indicate that the implementation of the minimum wage and social security for workers in Kupang City has not been fully realized. The implementation of the minimum wage is influenced by labor productivity, inflation rates, economic conditions, social conditions, and government policies. Meanwhile, the implementation of employment social security still faces obstacles in the form of low legal awareness among workers and employers, limited government oversight, and suboptimal compliance by companies in fulfilling workers’ rights.

Teachers are professional personnel who play an important role in determining the quality of education; however, they still face various issues such as low wages, a shortage of teaching staff, and an increasing number of cases in which teachers encounter legal problems while performing their duties. This condition indicates the importance of regulation and legal protection, particularly for honorary teachers who, to date, still lack clarity regarding their employment status. This study aims to identify the forms of legal protection guarantees as well as the regulatory framework concerning legal protection for honorary teachers in public schools in Semarang City. The method used is empirical juridical research to identify the gap between normative provisions and their implementation in practice. The results show that legal protection for honorary teachers is manifested through employment agreements as the basis of legal relations; however, its implementation is not yet optimal, as there are still teachers who do not have employment agreements and whose rights have not been fully fulfilled. The implications of this study emphasize the need to strengthen policies and coordination among stakeholders to ensure legal certainty and the welfare of honorary teachers.

This research is motivated by the problem of the open unemployment rate in Maluku Province which is still fluctuating, where the influence of human capital indicators such as the Average Years of Schooling and the Gross Enrollment Rate of Senior High Schools as well as economic policies such as the Provincial Minimum Wage often show results inconsistent with theory, thus requiring further empirical studies to determine their influence in the region. The purpose of this study is to analyze and determine the partial and simultaneous effects of the average years of schooling, the gross enrollment rate of senior high schools, and the provincial minimum wage on the open unemployment rate in Maluku Province. The method used is quantitative with secondary data in the form of time series from 2015 to 2024 sourced from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) of Maluku Province, and analyzed using multiple linear regression techniques. The results show that the average years of schooling have a negative and significant effect, while the gross enrollment rate of senior high schools and the provincial minimum wage each have a positive insignificant and negative insignificant effect on the open unemployment rate. Simultaneously, the three variables also have no significant effect. The implications of these findings confirm that increasing the average length of schooling is a key factor in reducing unemployment, but policies related to minimum wages and high school participation need to be reviewed and combined with other policies to be more effective in addressing unemployment in Maluku Province.  

This study aims to analyze the effect of government expenditure, wages, inflation, education, and unemployment on the economy and their impact on poverty in the Tomini Bay Region. The study uses panel data from 10 regencies/cities with secondary data obtained from the Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS). The analytical method employed is a simultaneous equation model. The results show that government expenditure and education have a positive and significant effect on the economy. Wages have a negative and insignificant effect, while inflation and unemployment have a positive but insignificant effect on the economy. The economy has a positive and significant effect on poverty, indicating that economic growth has not yet been inclusive. Wages have a negative and significant effect on poverty, whereas inflation and unemployment have a negative but insignificant effect. These findings indicate that economic growth has not been fully capable of reducing poverty evenly, therefore policies focusing on equitable social welfare are needed.

The Preliminary study results indicate that 7 out of 10, or around 70% of production workers at PT Summi Adyawinsa Indonesia experienced a high workload. This research employed a quantitative descriptive method with a cross sectional study design. The sample consisted of 132 workers, selected using a non-probability sampling technique. The study was conducted from June to July 2025. Data were analyzed using univariate analysis and bivariate analysis with the chi-square test. Primary data were collected through questionnaires as the research instrument. The univariate results showed the highest proportions was hish workload (93,9%), long working hours (65,9%), short work period (66,7%), productive age (93,2%), male gender (93,9%), high wages (53%), and good work environment (94,7%). Bivariate results show a relationship between working hours (p value 0,019), and work period (p value 0,05) with workload. There is no association between age (p value 1,000), gender (p value 0,402), wages (p value 0,147), and work environment (p value 1,000) with workload. Workload Companies need to increase the number of employess, perform routine maintenance on machinery and heavy equipment (forklifts and hoist cranes), and provide training for both new and existing workers.

This research examines the urgency of implementing the principle of joint liability in outsourcing labor relations in Indonesia following the enactment of Law Number 6 of 2023 concerning Job Creation. The primary issue addressed is the imbalance in the protection of workers' normative rights when service providers default, while user companies tend to distance themselves from legal responsibility due to the absence of a direct contractual employment relationship. The research methodology employed is juridical normative, utilizing a statutory approach and a conceptual approach. The results indicate that the flexibility of the outsourcing system in recent regulations often overlooks aspects of job security and worker welfare. The application of the joint liability principle is viewed as a fair legal solution to ensure that fundamental worker rights, such as minimum wages, social security, and compensation, remain fulfilled despite financial constraints on the service provider's side. The integration of responsibility between provider and user companies not only provides a guarantee for the workforce but also encourages the creation of a more ethical and responsible business climate. The research conclusion emphasizes that to achieve a balance between business efficiency and labor protection, national regulations need to clarify the position of collective responsibility in outsourcing practices in Indonesia.

This study aims to review the perspectives of MSME owners in the Gonilan area, particularly regarding part-time workers and their use in improving operational cost efficiency. The Gonilan area is known to have many MSMEs operating in various sectors, making this study relevant for understanding the challenges they face. A qualitative method was chosen so that the researcher could conduct in-depth interviews with three MSME owners. The informants were selected because they employed both full-time and part-time workers. The interview results showed that part-time workers were effective in reducing operational costs, such as more flexible hourly wages, although there were some disadvantages. The main disadvantages of part-time workers included lack of experience and limited working hours, which could be overcome through extra training and clear task distribution so that they could focus and increase productivity. The study concluded that the use of part-time workers has a significant impact on the operational cost efficiency of MSMEs, helping owners navigate the market without excessive financial burdens and encouraging long-term business growth.

In article 157A of Law Number 6 of 2023 that in the process of termination of employment, employers and permanent workers must carry out their respective obligations, employers can carry out suspension actions and still pay wages and other rights, but in reality employers rarely apply article 157A. The purpose of the research is to analyze the Implementation, Obstacles and Efforts on Workers' Rights in Wage Payment During the Termination of Employment Process at Palm Oil Company in Siak Regency. This type of research is Sociological legal research. In this research, three approaches are used, namely the legislative approach and the data source case approach using primary data and secondary data. The data collection technique used is primary data through interviews and questionnaires. The conclusion of this study is the legal protection of workers' rights during the termination of employment by the company through the settlement of industrial relations disputes in which there are various interpretations regarding the wage process. Article 157A of Law Number 6 of 2023 states that the responsibility of employers and workers remains valid until the industrial relations dispute settlement agency makes a decision. The implementation in the process of termination of employment is that workers are no longer allowed to work by the company but do not carry out suspension actions, but there are many companies that do not carry out things regulated by law. With the existence of multi-interpretation regulations on wages, the process provides uncertainty for workers, as well as in the interim decision submitted by the worker/plaintiff which is rejected by the judge which is clear that the worker can prove that the employer does not carry out his obligations as it should.

This study aims to analyze the influence of work motivation on employee productivity at Kerupuk Uenak Bu Rina, a home-based industry in Boyolali. This research uses a descriptive qualitative approach with data collection techniques through in-depth interviews and direct observation at the business location. The results indicate that work motivation derived from internal factors such as satisfaction with received wages and a familial work environment, as well as external factors in the form of appreciation from the owner, significantly influence employee morale and work output. Employee productivity levels are reflected in the consistency in meeting production targets for two types of crackers and the ability to adapt to demand fluctuations. These findings suggest that improving productivity in micro-enterprises like this one depends not only on technical operational aspects but is also greatly influenced by how work motivation is managed. This research provides practical contributions regarding the importance of paying attention to human resource aspects in managing operational risks and improving the performance of small-scale businesses.

This study examines the legal protection of Indonesian Migrant Workers (PMI) following the revocation of the moratorium on deployment to Saudi Arabia. Using a normative juridical approach with a descriptive-analytical specification, the research explores the effectiveness of Law Number 18 of 2017 concerning the Protection of Indonesian Migrant Workers, the impact of the moratorium revocation on the rights and security of PMI, and the implementation of bilateral cooperation through the Indonesia–Saudi Arabia Memorandum of Understanding (MoU). The findings reveal that although the existing legal framework is comprehensive, its implementation remains weak, particularly regarding supervision and law enforcement in destination countries. The study identifies a gap between administrative regulations and substantive protection, as reflected in the persistent cases of violence, delayed wages, and exploitation in the domestic sector. Strengthening the effectiveness of PMI protection requires synergy between legal reform, digital-based monitoring systems, and human rights–based diplomacy. Therefore, Indonesia must reinforce its political commitment, institutional coordination, and bilateral mechanisms to ensure the fulfillment of migrant workers’ fundamental rights and dignity abroad.

This study aims to review the perspectives of MSME owners in the Gonilan area, particularly regarding part-time workers and their use in improving operational cost efficiency. The Gonilan area is known to have many MSMEs operating in various sectors, making this study relevant for understanding the challenges they face. A qualitative method was chosen so that the researcher could conduct in-depth interviews with three MSME owners. The informants were selected because they employed both full-time and part-time workers. The interview results showed that part-time workers were effective in reducing operational costs, such as more flexible hourly wages, although there were some disadvantages. The main disadvantages of part-time workers included lack of experience and limited working hours, which could be overcome through extra training and clear task distribution so that they could focus and increase productivity. The study concluded that the use of part-time workers has a significant impact on the operational cost efficiency of MSMEs, helping owners navigate the market without excessive financial burdens and encouraging long-term business growth.

Unemployment is a socio-economic problem that can threaten the stability of the Indonesian economy. This study analyzes the effect of minimum wages, exports, foreign investment, and the human development index (HDI) on the unemployment raefrom 1990 to 2023. Using the Ordinary Least Square (OLS) multiple linear regression estimation method, to correct bias in the estimation, the Newey-West HAC standard errors approach is used. Minimum wages and foreign investment have a significant negative effect on the open unemployment rate, confirming that wage increases can boost productivity, foreign investment creates direct jobs through the construction of production facilities and economic multiplier effects in supporting sectors. The most surprising finding of the HDI which has a positive effect and exports which are proven to be insignificant on the unemployment rate, this shows that human capital formation is not in line with existing job opportunities due to rapid technological changes, as well as export-increasing policies which focus more on capital intensity. The study provides important implications for policymakers, maintaining and optimizing minimum wage increases and foreign investment in a measurable manner because they have proven effective in reducing unemployment rates. Reorienting export strategies policy from capital-intensive to labor-intensive, increasing the human development index adjusted to technological developments, especially in the business and industrial world.

An employment relationship is a relationship between a worker and an employer or entrepreneur involving work, wages, and orders. One outcome of this employment relationship is termination of employment. To create a just and prosperous society based on Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution, the government has enacted laws concerning termination of employment, such as Law No. 13 of 2003 concerning Manpower, Law No. 11 of 2020 concerning Job Creation, and Government Regulation No. 35 of 2021 concerning Fixed-Term Employment Agreements, Outsourcing, Working and Rest Hours, and Termination of Employment. This research uses a normative legal method, namely examining the law as it exists or should exist, or the law in books. The research was conducted by analyzing applicable laws and regulations, using library materials or secondary data covering primary, secondary, and tertiary law. Termination of employment is the right of both parties, namely workers and employers. Both parties can terminate the employment relationship according to their respective situations or conditions. This issue often generates debate because each party has different perspectives and arguments regarding termination of employment. As a result, the amount of compensation workers receive in practice also varies. Comparing Law No. 13 of 2003, Law No. 11 of 2020, and Government Regulation No. 35 of 2021 concerning termination of employment, it is clear that the Employee Rights Act No. 13 of 2003 provides more compensation than the Job Creation Law. Therefore, in practice, many companies, including PT Kuoni Indonesia, seek ways to reduce their compensation obligations under the pretext of negotiating with employees.

Journal this paper explores the concepts of honorarium, salary, and allowances in the field of educantion from the perspective of Prophentic tradition (hadith). The study is grounded in the undertanding that education plays a central role in shaping future generations, and teachers, as key contributors, deserve fair and proper compensation for their service. Despite their crucial role, many educators especially honorary teachers often face challenges due to insuffient financial recognition. This research examines various hadiths that emphasize the virtue of lawful work, the obligation to provide wages fairly and on time, and the importance of upholding justice and benevolence in human relationships. This study emplos qualitative library research by analyzing classical hadith compilation and scholarly interpretation. The findings  highlight that fair compensation is not merely an economic issue but a moral and religious oblagation, reinforcing the need for enducational institutions to ensure teachers welfare in accordance with Islamic ethical principles.

This study aims to analyze the factors affecting real wages of construction workers across provinces in Indonesia from 2010 to 2023 using panel data analysis. The independent variables include Provincial Minimum Wage (UMP), Consumer Price Index (CPI), Open Unemployment Rate (TPT), and Performance Pay (Balas Jasa). A panel dataset of 476 observations from 34 provinces over 14 years was analyzed using three model approaches: Common Effect Model (CEM), Fixed Effect Model (FEM), and Random Effect Model (REM). The best model was determined through Chow Test, Hausman Test, and Lagrange Multiplier Test, which confirmed that the Fixed Effect Model (FEM) is the most appropriate for analyzing this research data. FEM estimation results show that simultneously, all independent variables (UMP, CPI, TPT, and Performance Pay) have a significant effect on real wages with an F-statistic value of 436,465.9 (p-value = 0.0000 < 0.05), indicating that the model as a whole is highly valid and capable of explaining the variation in real wages collectively. However, partial tests reveal that only the Real Wage variable has a positive and statistically significant effect on Performance Pay (coefficient = 106.3320; t-statistic = 1276.083; p-value = 0.0000), while UMP (p-value = 0.1472), CPI (p-value = 0.6460), and TPT (p-value = 0.6934) show no significant effects at the 5% significance level. The research model demonstrates very high predictive ability with an R-squared value of 0.999735 (99.97%), indicating that the variables studied can explain nearly all variation in real wages of construction workers at the provincial level. This research provides policy implications that improving real wages in the construction sector requires an integrated approach that focuses not only on minimum wage setting but also on regional inflation control, human capital quality improvement, and creating conducive labor market conditions through unemployment reduction

The aspect of labor in the context of global citizenship is not only about how the lives of workers and laborers are guaranteed wages and work systems, but human rights actions are one of the most crucial issues. One of them is the action that happened to Tuti Trisilawati in 2018. The action of the death penalty is considered as an action that does not benefit Indonesia and Saudi Arabia. Through this research, which is packaged exploratively and collected through case studies and trusted agency literature, the results show that there are differences between the ideologies of Indonesia and Saudi Arabia which result in these actions resulting in a high record of death penalty cases, so that massive diplomacy between the two countries is followed by improving a fair criminal law system or fair trial so that no rights are threatened. Keywords: global citizenship, death penalty, labor.

Poverty is one of the most difficult economic problems to solve. This problem occurs in all countries. Among the causes of poverty are poor human resources, a low quality of life, a rising unemployment rate, and a decrease in job availability each year, as well as wages that do not match living costs. This is not only due to low human resources; the government also plays a crucial role in this issue. The poverty rate is unavoidable, so an appropriate solution is needed to address this issue. One step to reducing poverty is to analyze which economic instruments can be optimized, especially in the Sidoarjo region. The poverty rate in Sidoarjo is quite high. The open unemployment rate in Sidoarjo ranks third in East Java province. Therefore, the author was interested in conducting this research. This study aims to determine the effect of the distribution of zakat, infaq, and alms (ZIS) funds, GRDP, and open unemployment on the poverty rate in Sidoarjo in 2013-2023. This study uses a quantitative method with multiple linear regression analysis. The data processing tool used is SPSS. The results of the T test indicate that the distribution of ZIS funds has a significant effect on the poverty rate, while GRDP and open unemployment do not have a significant effect on the poverty rate partially. The F test shows that the distribution of ZIS funds, inflation, and GDP have a significant effect on the poverty rate simultaneously in the period 2013-2023. The limitation of this study is the use of variables that affect the poverty rate, so that future researchers can add or change these variables with other variables related to poverty.