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This study aims to analyze the impact of the USD/CNY exchange rate and the Federal Reserve interest rate on the stock returns of Volkswagen AG. Volkswagen AG is chosen as the object of analysis because it is a multinational corporation with significant exposure to the Chinese market, making it highly sensitive to fluctuations in global economic conditions, particularly exchange rate movements and monetary policy changes. The study adopts a quantitative research approach using multiple linear regression analysis to examine the relationships between variables. The data used are monthly secondary data covering the period from 2017 to 2023, resulting in 84 observations. The dependent variable in this study is Volkswagen AG stock returns, while the independent variables consist of the USD/CNY exchange rate and the Federal Funds Rate. The empirical results show that the USD/CNY exchange rate has a negative and statistically significant effect on Volkswagen AG stock returns, indicating that currency depreciation or appreciation plays a crucial role in influencing investor sentiment and firm valuation. In contrast, the Federal Funds Rate does not show a statistically significant effect on stock returns during the observed period. However, the simultaneous test indicates that both variables jointly have a significant influence on Volkswagen AG stock returns. Overall, the findings suggest that exchange rate risk is more dominant than U.S. monetary policy in affecting the stock performance of Volkswagen AG over the study period.

Land tenure through certificates as valid proof of rights had been recognized, yet in practice damaged certificates still caused administrative obstacles at the BPN of Tabanan Regency. The objective of this research was to analyze the mechanism of replacing damaged Certificates of Ownership and to identify the inhibiting factors in the process. This research used an empirical legal method (socio-legal research) with statutory, conceptual, and factual approaches. Data were collected through interviews with officials at the Tabanan Land Office and literature studies from legal documents and academic sources. The findings showed that the replacement mechanism started with application submission, data matching with the land book, a 30-day public announcement period, field verification including re-measurement if physical data could not be read, and issuance of a replacement certificate directed toward an electronic system. The study also found that the main inhibiting factors included administrative constraints, incomplete documents, unclear legal subjects, potential land disputes, low public understanding, and limited digitalization. These findings indicated that although the mechanism had been regulated, its implementation still faced obstacles affecting legal certainty and service effectiveness. This research implied the need to improve services, legal awareness, and digital transformation.

The policy to implement the deep learning approach in Indonesian schools starting from the 2025/2026 academic year requires teachers to be well prepared to design and conduct meaningful and in-depth learning. This community service program aimed to enhance the understanding and pedagogical competence of senior high school and madrasah economics teachers in Tasikmalaya City in implementing the deep learning approach comprehensively. The program employed a community-based science and technology application scheme through training and mentoring activities conducted in face-to-face, online, and hybrid modes, consisting of planning, implementation, and evaluation stages. The training materials covered the concept and implementation of deep learning, lesson planning, instructional design and models, learning evaluation, development of innovative technology-based learning media, and reinforcement of microeconomic and macroeconomic content. A total of 78 economics teachers participating in the MGMP of Tasikmalaya City were involved in the program. The results indicate that the training improved teachers’ understanding of deep learning, lesson planning, and assessment strategies that support meaningful learning. Participants’ reflections revealed high motivation and strong relevance of the training materials to their professional duties. This program contributes to strengthening teachers’ readiness to implement deep learning sustainably and supports the improvement of economics learning quality in schools.

This study analyzes the effect of Bitcoin prices, the LQ45 Index, mutual fund net asset value (NAV), and the net profit margin (NPM) of gold mining companies on the price of gold as a safe haven asset within the context of the Indonesian financial market. Gold is often seen as a safe haven asset that is the primary choice of investors when economic uncertainty increases, but the relationship between gold and various other investment instruments still requires further study. This study uses a multiple linear regression method with a robust standard errors approach to analyze 420 monthly and quarterly data observations during the 2018-2022 period. The results of the study found that the price of Bitcoin and the NPM of gold mining companies had a significant positive influence on the price of gold, while the LQ45 Index had a significant influence effect. Meanwhile, the NAV of mutual funds showed a significant positive influence that was not in line with the initial hypothesis. These findings indicate that gold does not always function absolutely as a safe haven asset, as its role is contextual and still influenced by the dynamics of other investment instruments such as digital assets, stock markets, and mutual funds. The study's results make an important contribution to financial literature by proving that the safe haven characteristics of gold are complex and dynamic, so investors need to consider various factors and market conditions before allocating investments to gold as a hedging strategy in their portfolios.

This study aims to analyze the implementation of the policy on drug abuse education programs for students in Senior High Schools. The main focus of this research is to examine the extent to which government and institutional policies have been effectively implemented within the school environment. The problem identified in the field indicates that the implementation of anti-drug education programs has not been optimal, due to limited coordination among stakeholders, inadequate resources, and the low level of teacher and student participation in preventive activities.This research employed a qualitative descriptive approach with a case study design conducted in several Senior High Schools that implemented drug abuse education programs. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observations, and document analysis. The research questions focused on: (1) how the policy on drug abuse education programs is implemented in schools; (2) what factors support and hinder its implementation; and (3) how the implementation of the policy affects students’ understanding and attitudes toward drug abuse prevention.The results revealed that the policy implementation was partial and not yet fully integrated into the curriculum or school culture. The main supporting factors included the strong commitment of school principals and partnerships with the National Narcotics Board (BNN), while the main inhibiting factors were limited human resources, weak policy monitoring, and a lack of contextualized educational materials. Nevertheless, the program has had a positive impact on improving students’ awareness and preventive attitudes toward drug abuse, especially when activities were conducted collaboratively and sustainably.

Naskah drama “Mostodon dan Burung Kondor” karya W.S Rendra merupakan naskah drama yang membahas mengenai kritik sosial untuk memperjuangkan keadilan atas kekuasaan yang tidak adil atau menindas melalui simbol-simbol seperti “Mostodon” dan “Burung Kondor” Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan strukturalisme genetik yang terdiri dari struktur intrinsik dan struktur ekstrinsik genetik naskah drama “Mostodon dan Burung Kondor” karya W.S Rendra. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif dengan interpretasi data dan analisis naskah secara mendalam. Sumber data penelitian dan berbagai literatur yang mendukung penelitian ini. Hasil Analisis menunjukan struktur “Mostodon dan Burung Kondor” karya W.S Rendra memiliki unsur intrinsik yang membangun naskah drama yaitu tema, tokoh dan penokohan, alur, latar, dialog, dan gaya bahasa. Sementara itu, struktur genetik ekstrinsik meliputi faktor kemanusiaan, pandangan dunia, penjelasan-pemaham dan subjek kolektif.  

Social media has become a significant element in shaping youth political identity in the digital age. This research aims to explore how symbolic interactions within online spaces influence the construction of political identity among young people. A case study approach was applied, utilizing documentation of academic literature published within the last decade. The analysis employed critical discourse analysis to understand the dynamics of power, symbols, and political representation on social media platforms. The findings reveal that young individuals actively construct their political identity through various digital content forms, such as memes, informative threads, and visual campaigns. Moreover, platform algorithms and online communities play a substantial role in directing political preferences and reinforcing ideological affiliations. The implications highlight the importance of digital literacy and inclusive participation spaces for youth, while also encouraging policy development based on evidence to support the democratization of digital arenas.

This study aims to determine the form of legal modification of the authority of the district/city regional inspectorate in preventing criminal acts of corruption in the district/city regional government. The research method used is normative legal research. The results of the study indicate that the authority of the District/City Regional Inspectorate as regulated in several laws and regulations urgently needs to be modified to strengthen the authority of the District/City Inspectorate in preventing criminal acts of corruption in the District/City Regional Government. The modification in question is carried out in the form of revision/change of laws and regulations, where currently the position of the District/City Inspectorate is still parallel to the Regional Apparatus Organization, in the future it will be parallel to the Regional Secretary. The second modification is carried out in the form of repositioning the Role/Duties of the District/City Regional Inspectorate by encouraging the realization of Good Governance and Clean Government, Developing Supervisory Synergy, Supporting Efforts to Eradicate Corruption, Optimizing the Increase in State Revenue, Playing a Role in the Implementation of Regional Autonomy. While the third modification that can be done is through Institutional Development through the development of structures, Work Procedures, and Human Resources.

This study aims to examine the meanings contained in the poem "Bunga Gugur" by W.S. Rendra using a semantic approach. Poetry was chosen as the object of study because of its ability to reflect human life and feelings through poetic symbols and language. The analysis focused on four types of meaning in semantics, namely lexical, grammatical, referential, and figurative meaning. The research method used is qualitative descriptive with literature study techniques. The results of the analysis show that this poem is rich in lexical and figurative meanings, which strengthen the message of loss, love, and the transience of life. The use of symbols such as "bunga", "gugur", and "asmara" emphasizes the emotional devastation caused by death. With a semantic approach, the hidden meaning in the poem can be revealed systematically, thus helping readers understand the depth of the message the poet wants to convey. This research is expected to enrich linguistic studies in the analysis of literary works and increase appreciation for modern Indonesian poetry.

This study examines the poem Sajak Sebatang Lisong by W.S. Rendra through a postcolonial lens, focusing on the underlying social criticism embedded within the text. The poem reflects the persistent social inequalities that continue to affect Indonesian society in the post-independence era, particularly in the realms of education and the marginalization of impoverished children. Through symbols such as the cigarette (lisong), wealthy elites (cukong), and the imagery of an endless road, the poem highlights the lingering presence of colonial structures within contemporary social and educational systems. Employing a qualitative descriptive approach, the study utilizes textual analysis and socio-cultural context as primary analytical tools. The findings reveal that political independence has not been fully accompanied by social justice. Structural oppression and limited opportunities continue to hinder the younger generation in their pursuit of a better future. As such, the poem serves as a powerful literary critique of neocolonial practices and ongoing social alienation. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of how literature can reflect colonial legacies and the socio-political dynamics of post-independence Indonesia, while also enriching the discourse in postcolonial literary studies.  

The problem in this study is the low learning outcomes of students. The purpose is to examine the factors influencing students' low learning outcomes in economics subjects by analys several contributing factors, namely internal factors of learning discipline and external factors of the school environment, which act as moderating variables. The research method used is quantitative, with questionnaires as the data collection technique. The population in this study consists of Grade X and XI students at SMA Negeri 1 Jatiwaras who study Economics, and the sample comprises 251 students selected using Probability Sampling with proportionate stratified random sampling techniques. The research results indicate a significant influence of learning discipline on learning outcomes, as well as the impact of the school environment on learning outcomes. Furthermore, the school environment moderates the influence of learning discipline on learning outcomes. These findings confirm that both research hypotheses are accepted.

This research aims to analyze the use of articles or articles in the drama script "Kereta Kencana". Articles are an important linguistic element in Indonesian that influences the understanding and interpretation of texts. Through a linguistic analysis approach, this research examines the use of articles in the context of the drama script, including the role and function of articles. Qualitative analysis methods are used to examine the text in depth with a focus on the use and application of articles or articles in the text. It is hoped that the results of this research will provide a better understanding of the role and function of articles in the drama script "Kereta Kencana", as well as their contribution to the overall understanding of the story and the aesthetic experience of readers or viewers.

One of the needs of every person is physical fitness. A good physical fitness condition is able to strengthen the physique that can support effectively and efficiently and reduce excessive fatigue. The purpose of this study is to examine the level of physical fitness of badminton players PB Ganesha Batu City. Data was collected through a survey design with descriptive quantitative. The subjects used were PB Ganesha badminton players Batu City. The instruments applied were the Indonesian Physical Fitness Test (TKJI) 10-12 years and observation as a non-test instrument. Data analysis applied descriptive statistics. The results of the analysis of the physical fitness level of badminton players aged 10-12 years PB Ganesha Kota Batu, namely a total of 20 badminton players, there are 9 players in the good category with a percentage of 45% and 11 badminton players in the medium category with a percentage of 55%. In conclusion, the level of physical fitness of badminton players PB Ganesha Batu City at the age of 10-12 years is categorized as moderate, so the advice given is that badminton players are more motivated to improve physical fitness.

This study aims to describe the physical structure in the poetry collection Doa untuk Anak Cucu (Prayer for Children and Grandchildren) by W.S. Rendra. The research method used is descriptive qualitative with a content analysis approach. The data analyzed are the lines of poetry in the anthology. In-depth, this thesis analyzes the physical structure of the poems in ten selected works from the Doa untuk Anak Cucu collection by W.S. Rendra. The analysis focuses on seven elements of the physical structure of the poems: diction, imagery, figurative language, concrete words, typography, rhyme, and rhythm. The results show that the poet employs various strategies in selecting and arranging the physical elements of the poems. The diction chosen is highly diverse, with a total of 192 words across the ten poems. Imagery, which is strong and present in every poem, amounts to 161 images throughout the collection, creating vivid mental pictures for the reader. Figurative language such as metaphor, simile, and personification is used effectively to enrich the meaning and beauty of the poems, with 152 instances of figurative language identified in the study. The carefully chosen concrete words help readers visualize the objects and events described, with 121 concrete words found in this thesis. The typography used is also varied, with the arrangement of words and lines intentionally set to create specific rhythmic and visual effects. Rhyme and rhythm in the poems create a distinct harmony and musicality. This thesis identifies 121 rhymes and 170 rhythms.

Literature serves as a mirror reflecting the social and cultural dynamics of society. This serves as the foundation for analyzing the play "Kereta Kencana" in this journal. The work of W.S. Rendra is the subject of this study, aimed at uncovering its meaning and structure through a structuralist approach. This research delves into various narrative layers, structures, and messages contained within the text. Utilizing a qualitative descriptive method and a structuralist approach, the case study on "Kereta Kencana" will analyze its intrinsic elements. The findings provide a deeper understanding of intrinsic components such as characters, characterization, plot, setting, point of view, moral, and theme. Additionally, this study explores the relationships between characters, plot development, philosophical and social messages, as well as the stylistic choices employed.

The industrial revolution has transformed the global economic landscape, and Indonesia is not exempt from its impacts. This article discusses Indonesia's readiness to face the challenges posed by the industrial revolution, focusing on sectors such as manufacturing, technology, and human resources. This research is a  qualitative analysis method with a literature study and interviews approach. The findings indicate that while Indonesia has made progress in infrastructure and technology, there are still significant challenges in terms of human resource quality and the industry's readiness to adapt to technological advancements. Therefore, more targeted policies are needed to optimize Indonesia's potential in facing the industrial revolution.

Afrito, D., & Isnaini, H. (2024). The Influence of Gaul Language on The Use of Indonesian Among Students of Stiepar Yapari, Bandung City. An International Journal Tourism and Community Review, 1(2), 14-19. Agustina, N., Sudradjat, R. T., & Isnaini, H. (2022). Analisis Semiotika Pada Puisi “Dalam Doa: II” Karya Sapardi Djoko Damono. Parole: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia, 4(5). Amriyah, N., & Isnaini, H. (2021). Campur Kode Sudjiwo Tedjo dalam Dialog Interaktif Indonesia Lawyers Club TvOne Episode Setahun Jokowi-Maruf: Dari Pandemi Sampai Demokrasi. Jurnal Disastra, Vol. 3 No.1, 98-103. Aprilianti, D., Herawati, M. N., & Isnaini, H. (2019). Pengaruh Pemberian Hadiah terhadap Minat Siswa dalam Menulis Teks Cerpen pada Siswa SMP. Parole: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia, IKIP Siliwangi, Vol. 2 No.3, 427-432. Isnaini, H. (2023). Semesta Sastra (Studi Ilmu Sastra): Pengantar Teori, Sejarah, dan Kritik. CV Pustaka Humaniora. Isnaini, H. (2024). Perempuan Di Titik Nol: Female, Feminine, Dan Feminist. Prawara: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia, 5(2), 148-157. Mustika, I., & Isnaini, H. (2021). Konsep Cinta pada Puisi-Puisi Karya Sapardi Djoko Damono: Analisis Semiotika Carles Sanders Pierce. Jurnal Al-Azhar Indonesia Seri Humaniora, Vol. 6 No. 1 Maret 2021, 1-10. Purwaningsih, L., Sudibyo, A., & Isnaini, H. (2023). Problematika pada Pembelajaran Apresiasi Sastra. Metonimia: Jurnal Sastra dan Pendidikan Kesusastraan, 1(2), 69-73. Rizkyanfi, M. W., & Isnaini, H. (2023). Prates Keterampilan Membaca Artikel Ilmiah Jurnal Elekronik Menggunakan Media Google Form bagi Mahasiswa Baru. Jurnal Pembelajaran Bahasa dan Sastra, 2(1), 117-124. Soepandi, D. (2023). Analisis Puisi “Aku Membawa Angin” Karya Heri Isnaini Dengan Menggunakan Pendekatan Semiotik. Fonologi: Jurnal Ilmuan Bahasa dan Sastra Inggris, 1(3), 36-46. Sunarti, S., Yusup, M., & Isnaini, H. (2022). NILAI-NILAI NASIONALISME PADA PUISI “DONGENG PAHLAWAN” KARYA WS. RENDRA. Parole: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia, 5(4), 253-260. Supini, P., Sudradjat, R. T., & Isnaini, H. (2021). Pembelajaran Menulis Teks Drama dengan Menggunakan Metode Picture and Picture. Parole: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia, IKIP Siliwangi, Vol. 4 No. 1, 16-23. Suryawin, P. C., Wijaya, M., & Isnaini, H. (2022). Tindak Tutur (Speech Act) dan Implikatur dalam Penggunaan Bahasa. Sinar Dunia: Jurnal Riset Sosial Humaniiora dan Ilmu Pendidikan, Volume 1, Nomor 3, 29-36. Tresnawati, F., Yuliana, Y., & Isnaini, H. (2023). Problematika Pemahaman Teori Pembelajaran Sastra Bagi Siswa SMP dan SMA di Indonesia. Jurnal Humaniora Herisna Institute, 1(2), 29-37. http://herisna-institute.com/index.php/jhhi/article/view/10 Tussaadah, N., Sobari, T., & Permana, A. (2020). Analisis puisi “Rahasia Hujan” karya Heri Isnaini dengan menggunakan pendekatan mimetik. Parole: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia, 3(2), 321-322. Dede, W., Tuti, S., Dela, S. W., & Raden, I. M. (2019). Analisis Nilai Moral pada Lima Cerpen Karya Kuntowijoyo dalam Buku Dilarang Mencintai Bunga-Bunga. Parole (Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia), 1(2), 241-256. Diana, J. (2018). Citra sosial perempuan dalam cerpen kartini karya Putu Wijaya: Tinjauan kritik sastra feminis. Jurnal Pena Indonesia, 4(1), 78-96. Pramidana, I. D. (2020). Unsur Intrinsik dan Ekstrinsik Dalam Cerpen “Buut” Karya I Gusti Ayu Putu Mahindu Dewi Purbarini. Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Bali Undiksha, 7(2), 61-70. Urfadhilah, A. Y., Kasnandi, K., & Hurstyanti, H. (2021). Gaya Bahasa Retoris dalam Kumpulan Cerpen Metafora Padma Karya Bernard Batubara. Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia, 1(2

The growth in population and private vehicles in Surabaya has caused a significant increase in traffic congestion. To overcome this problem, the Surabaya City government implemented the Suroboyo Bus public transportation policy as an alternative solution. This research aims to evaluate the impact of this policy in reducing traffic jams in the city of Surabaya. The research methods used include secondary data analysis from related agencies, Suroboyo Bus user satisfaction surveys, as well as field observations at several main congestion points. The research results show that the implementation of Suroboyo Bus contributed to reducing the volume of private vehicles by 12% on main routes and increasing public interest in public transportation. However, the effectiveness of this policy still faces challenges, especially in terms of integration of transportation modes and service area coverage. In conclusion, the Suroboyo Bus policy has great potential to reduce congestion if supported by infrastructure development and increasing public awareness of the use of public transportation.

Kartika Jala Krida (KJK) in 2023 is one of the practical training courses for AAL Cadets Level III Corps, Seamanship, Engineering, Electronics and Supply. The KJK was implemented based on AAL Governor's Decree Number: Kep/87/VII/2024 dated 17 July 2024 concerning the AAL Cadet Education Implementation Program for the 2024/2025 Academic Year, and Instructions for implementing AAL Cadet Practical Training. KJK's shipping activities use the KRI Bima Suci with a shipping route of Surabaya – Jakarta – Singapore – Cambodia – Vietnam – China – South Korea – Russia – Japan – Philippines – Balikpapan and will return to Surabaya Base covering a distance of 10,715 Nm, departing Sunday 17 July 2024 from AAL and returning to AAL Wednesday 30 October 2024. The KJK 2024 practical training aims to provide knowledge and skills as initial preparation to become an Indonesian Navy officer as well as forming the character of marine soldiers. Apart from that, this exercise is a manifestation of the Indonesian Navy's diplomatic role in showing that the Indonesian nation is a maritime nation with a maritime perspective to the international world. The specific aim of the Kartika Jala Krida voyage is to train AAL cadets to carry out the Great Circle Astronomical Navigation Voyage and to practice all basic marine professional lessons in real conditions.  

Unmanned Surface Vessels (USV) have become a major focus in modern maritime technology for mine search and handling. Unmanned vessels are equipped with advanced sensors such as sonar and lidar to detect and map mines below the water's surface. In addition, image processing systems and artificial intelligence are used to analyze sensor data and identify mine locations with high accuracy. Once a mine is detected, the unmanned vessel is equipped with a mine handling system that can safely destroy or deactivate the mine. Thus, unmanned vessels are an effective and efficient solution in searching and handling mines in potentially dangerous waters. This study discusses the selection of unmanned vessels as a solution to search for and neutralize mines. This study was conducted quantitatively using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method to determine recommendations for Unmanned Vessels with Mine Countermeasure capabilities to the Indonesian Navy. The results of the quantitative study showed the priority of the criteria that would later narrow down to the priority of selecting an Unmanned Vessel from several alternative choices analyzed by the researcher. Theoretically, all previous theories and studies can be used in this study so that they can be utilized in subsequent studies. While practically this study provides recommendations for the Indonesian Navy regarding the characteristics of the Unmanned Axe and various supporting equipment that can be used to carry out Mining Operations and Mine Countermeasures Operations. The calculation results in this study indicate that the priority of the alternative Unmanned Vessel with the highest Mine Countermeasures capability is obtained by Inspector 125 from France with a weight of 0.37450145.