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For thousands of years, the Dayak Ngaju people in Central Kalimantan have practiced a traditional rice cultivation system called Manugal, which involves planting rice directly on the ground without artificial fertilizers or pesticides. This method relies on rainwater and natural materials, and it is guided by the teachings of the Kaharingan belief system, recognizing rice as a divine manifestation, and adhering to the traditional calendar. However, the Green Revolution and the globalization of modern food production, initiated in the late 1960s, introduced intensive agriculture, chemical inputs, and high-yielding crop varieties. This modernization marginalized local traditions, including Manugal, in Central Kalimantan. This qualitative descriptive case study examines the background of the Green Revolution and its impact on Manugal, the ecological consequences of agricultural modernization, and the comparison between Manugal and modern monoculture farming systems. The study aims to propose strategies for maintaining the Manugal tradition and achieving ecological sustainability.

Euphorbiaceae is an Angiosperm plant which has several varieties with one of the highest number of species. This plant is useful in industry and medicine. Characteristic of this plant has a gummy stem. This observation aims to determine the types of plants in the Euphorbiaceae family around the Bandungsense Herbarium SITH ITB Jatinangor on June 6 2023. Observations were carried out using the survey method and analyzed descriptively qualitatively. From the observations, it was found that 10 plant species belong to the Euphorbiaceae family, namely Acalypha siamensis, Euphorbia milli, Euphorbia hirta, Acalypha indica, Hevea brasiliensis, Phyllanthus urinaria, Phyllanthus niruri, Excoecaria agallocha, Euphorbia thymifolia Linn and Manihot esculenta. The results of the observations explain the characteristics of each plant, accompanied by personal documentation of the observations.

Shallot is a horticultural commodity that has good market prospects because it contains high nutrition and can be used as spices and ingredients for traditional medicine. However, shallot production in Indonesia still often fluctuates and even experiences a shortage in meeting the needs of domestic consumers. To increase shallot production, this can be done through intensification efforts, namely by improving cultivation techniques, such as the use of organic fertilizers, proper fertilization, and the use of superior varieties. This study used a factorial randomized block design consisting of 2 treatment factors, namely factor I, fermented NPK ( F) consisting of 0 ml, 250 ml, 500 ml and 750 ml. Factor II was the variety (V) of the Brebes Bima variety, the Probolinggo variety and the Nganjuk variety. The parameters of plant observation were: plant height (cm) and production per plot (g). The data analysis method was a factorial randomized block design (RBD). The results showed that the application of fermented NPK and the use of varieties had a very significant effect on the parameters of plant height (cm) and production per plot (g).