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This study aims to analyze fifth-grade students’ understanding of the water cycle concept at SD Muhammadiyah Sidayu using animated video assistance, as well as to describe supporting and inhibiting factors, identify obstacles faced by teachers and students, explain teachers’ efforts, and examine students’ responses in science learning. The research used a descriptive qualitative method with 23 fifth-grade students as participants. Data were collected through tests, questionnaires, interviews, and observations, and analyzed using data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. Data validity was ensured through triangulation of technique, source, and time. The results indicate that students’ understanding of the water cycle concept is categorized as moderate, with an average score of 69.43. Students are able to explain the definition and stages of the water cycle through images, classify events based on similarities in processes, and distinguish between evaporation and condensation. However, they still face difficulties in explaining the relationships between processes and in providing real-life examples related to the water cycle. Supporting factors include students’ interest and learning motivation, while inhibiting factors involve differences in comprehension abilities and students’ health conditions. Teachers face obstacles such as limited audio-visual facilities, shared LCD usage, and challenges in selecting appropriate animated videos. To overcome these issues, teachers use simple explanations, emphasize key points, replay videos, provide individual guidance, and assign diagram-based projects. Students’ responses are very positive, as animated videos increase their interest, attention, motivation, and conceptual understanding.

This research focuses on analyzing the performance of a vacuum pan automation sistem using solenoid valves at PT. Duta Sugar International as an effort to improve the efficiency and quality of refined sugar production. The vacuum pan is the main tool in the sugar crystallization process that functions to evaporate the sugar solution under low pressure. Problems faced in the manual sistem are temperature instability and high dependence on operators, which impact time inefficiency and decrease product quality. The purpose of this research is to design and analyze the implementation of an automatic control system based on a Distributed Control Sistem (DCS) with the integration of solenoid valve actuators to optimize temperature stability and cooking process efficiency. The research method was carried out using qualitative and quantitative approaches through direct observation, technical interviews with the automation team, and supporting literature studies. The results showed that the automatic system was able to maintain a stable cooking temperature in the range of 78°C–85°C, lower and more efficient than the manual system which fluctuates between 90°C–100°C. In addition, cooking time was reduced by 10–15 minutes per cycle, and the crystallization process became more uniform with more efficient energy consumption. The results showed that the implementation of DCS-based automatic control with solenoid valves significantly improved operational stability, productivity, and energy efficiency. Thus, this automation sistem proved to be an effective solution for optimizing vacuum pan performance in the modern sugar industry.

The rapid development of information technology has had a significant impact on various aspects of life, including the decision-making process that requires precision and objectivity. One of the problems often faced is product selection with various complex criteria, for example in selecting a quality drum. Drums as a percussion instrument have many variations in terms of sound quality, material, design, price, and durability, so a system is needed that can assist users in making a more rational choice. This study aims to develop a website-based Decision Support System (DSS) using the Weighted Product (WP) method to provide recommendations for drum selection. The WP method was chosen because it is able to perform calculations by considering the weight of each criterion so that the recommendation results are more objective. The system implementation is carried out through the design of a user-friendly web-based interface, making it easier for users to access, compare alternatives, and obtain recommendations without having to perform manual assessments that are time-consuming and potentially subjective. System testing was carried out by comparing the results of the system's recommendations with expert assessments, which obtained an accuracy level of 95%. These results indicate that the developed system has a high level of reliability and is suitable for use as an aid in decision-making in selecting quality drums. With this system, it is hoped that users, both beginners and professionals, will find it easier to choose drums that suit their needs and preferences.

Fever in children, if not properly managed, can lead to several negative effects such as excessive fluid loss through evaporation, dehydration, seizures, decreased consciousness, and even death if left untreated. Non-pharmacological interventions to reduce fever include water tepid sponge therapy and cool patch therapy. This study used a quasi-experimental design with a pretest and posttest three-group approach. Respondents were divided into three groups: water tepid sponge, cool patch, and control. Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon test and the Mann-Whitney test. The Wilcoxon test showed a significance value of 0.000 in the Water Tepid Sponge group, 0.000 in the Cool Patch group, and 0.002 in the control group. The Mann-Whitney test showed no significant difference between the pre-test body temperature of the Water Tepid Sponge group and the control group (p = 0.063 > 0.05), while a significant difference was found in the post-test (p = 0.000 < 0.05). For the Cool Patch group, there was no significant difference in the pre-test compared to the control (p = 0.672), but a significant difference was found in the post-test (p = 0.001). The Mann-Whitney test comparing the pre-test and post-test temperature differences between the Water Tepid Sponge and Cool Patch groups showed a significance value of 0.000. The mean rank for temperature reduction in the Water Tepid Sponge group was 35,27, while in the Cool Patch group it was 17,73. Both Water Tepid Sponge and Cool Patch therapies have an effect on reducing fever in pediatric patients in the Parkit Ward of QIM Hospital Batang. Water Tepid Sponge therapy is more effective than Cool Patch therapy in reducing fever.

One method of drying Black Soldier Fly (BSF) larvae that can be applied is drying using a continuous microwave oven. This tool utilizes microwaves emitted to evaporate water. In addition, the use of a conveyor that runs on a microwave oven as a medium or place to place BSF larvae is expected to simplify the production process. This study was conducted to determine the design and strength analysis of the thermal structure of a continuous microwave oven-type BSF larva dryer using Solidworks software. The specifications of the continuous microwave oven-type BSF larva dryer have a capacity of 15 kg, a heating input power of 8 KW and a temperature of 100℃. With variations in heating time of 20, 30, and 40 minutes. The results of the thermal structure analysis of the BSF larva dryer type continuous microwave oven based on the simulation obtained stress with the highest value of  and the lowest value of . The results of the displacement simulation with the highest value of  and the lowest value of . The Safety factor simulation result is 3.2. So from the simulation results it can be said that it is safe to continue to the manufacturing process.

This study aims to determine the phytochemical content of Black Soldier Fly (BSF) larvae extract, also known as Hermitia illucens. The maceration method with 96% ethanol solvent was used for extraction, followed by evaporation using a rotation evaporator. Qualitative phytochemical tests were carried out to identify compounds such as alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, terpenoids, polyphenols, steroids, and triterpenoids. The results showed that BSF maggot extract contained alkaloid and flavonoid compounds that were positively detected, while other compounds were not detected by the method used. The alkaloid and flavonoid content has antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. These results indicate that BSF larvae can function as a source of natural biopharmaceutical active ingredients. However, the type of solvent used and the process conditions used affect the success of the extraction.

Many fishery products come from fishing and cultivation, saltwater and freshwater fisheries, so a preservation process is needed to maintain the condition of the fish so that it remains good when marketed. In addition, it can increase the economic value of fish. In the Indonesian fisheries industry, various types of preservation, including freeze drying, are drying processes using vacuum pressure and cold temperatures. The freeze-drying process utilizes the phased nature of water to convert solid (frozen) forms into water vapor (gas) at a certain pressure and temperature. The vacuum pressure used ranges from -60.3 cmHg to -71.6 cmHg, and the mass of the fish ranges from 94 grams to 136 grams. The type of research is quantitative and uses experimental methods. The result is in the form of a remaining moisture content percentage of 40% in dried fish according to SNI standard No. 827300:2023. The Respone Surface Methodology (RSM) was used to process the data in this study. From the study, the best value of vacuum pressure was -66 cmHg and mass 102.5417 with a final result of 40%.

Energy efficiency in air conditioning systems is a critical factor in reducing energy consumption and environmental impact. This study aims to analyze the energy performance of an air conditioning system using the thermodynamic cycle method. The analysis focuses on the refrigeration cycle, particularly the vapor compression cycle commonly used in residential and commercial systems. Key parameters such as coefficient of performance (COP), refrigerant flow rate, and enthalpy at each cycle point were examined to determine overall efficiency. Data were collected through simulations and experimental measurements under standard operating conditions. The results show that optimizing system components, especially the compressor and expansion valve, can significantly improve energy efficiency. The COP increased by 12% when a high-efficiency compressor was utilized. In addition, the selection of eco-friendly refrigerants contributed to better thermal performance and reduced environmental risks. This research highlights the importance of thermodynamic analysis in designing and improving air conditioning systems for sustainable energy usage. Future studies are recommended to incorporate real-time monitoring and adaptive control systems to further enhance system performance and energy savings.

In advertising, females are frequently positioned as the center of attention to establish product image through culturally recognized signs and symbols. Advertisements transcend their promotional function, acting as media that both reflect and influence societal perceptions, including gender roles within daily life. This is exemplified in the Vicks VapoRub advertisement titled "Mother's Amazing Hands," which portrays women as mothers perpetually prepared to care for their families. This study investigates the representation of the mother's role within the aforementioned advertisement using Roland Barthes' semiotic theory. The research aims to twofold: 1) identify the denotative, connotative, and mythical meanings embedded within the Vicks VapoRub "Mother's Amazing Hands" ad; and 2) analyze the portrayal of the mother figure through the lens of Barthes' semiotic framework. The research employed a qualitative descriptive approach, utilizing Barthes' semiotic analysis method alongside concepts of social construction of reality, cinematography techniques, and the societal role of mothers. Through the analysis of verbal, non-verbal, audio, and visual elements within the advertisement, the study revealed the multifaceted representation of the mother's role. This includes functions of caregiving, nurturing, and treatment of family members, ultimately portraying the tangible actions a mother takes in providing for her family.

Open-pit mining system mining is greatly influenced by surface runoff, rainwater and groundwater. This surface water runoff is highly dependent on rainfall catchment areas, climate, and land use. Handling surface water runoff entering the mining area by creating water channels in the form of open channels and closed channels. One of the mining methods that is generally carried out in Indonesia is the open-pit mining method, which is widely found in East Kalimantan. Large basins will be created as a result of this mining technique, which could eventually serve as a reservoir for water from both surface runoff and groundwater. Therefore, an analysis of the runoff water output in the sump is required, sump capacity and appropriate pumping ratio so that mining activities can continue. The results of the study obtained the runoff discharge value in the sump was 4,071.37 m3/day, the sump capacity was 207,474.07 m3, the water balance in the sump with a total runoff discharge of 5,871.37 m3/day, and the existing volume of water in the sump was 24,771 m3. evaporation of 4.36 m3/day, infiltration of 91.36 m3/day, and pump discharge of 8,229.27 m3/day. A pumping ratio of 0.71 was obtained.

The irrigation efficiency is an important component on assessing the performance of an irrigation system. The analysis of irrigation loss is needed to obtain the amount of water lost along the channel. Water loss can be caused by a variety of factors, including water leakage along the canal, evaporation, and infiltration. This can certainly reduce the efficiency of water use. Irrigation a water loss analysis is very important to improve irrigation performance. This analysis will help you understand how much water is lost and what factors contribute to water loss. Based on this understanding, preventive measures can be taken and improvements can be made to increase productivity and water use efficiency. This research aims to evaluate the level of channel efficiency and measure the amount of water loss in the main channel in the Senden Irrigation Area.. The method of research implementation is to measure water discharge directly in the field. The result analysis showed that the average percentage of water loss in Senden main canal was 56.63%.  Maximum water loss value was recorded at 60.86%, while the minimum value was 52.55%. Factors affecting water loss due to evaporation showed an average value of 0.0685%, while water loss due to seepage was recorded at a very small 0.0003%. For the channel efficiency value shows that an average percentage of 43%. It is obtained with a maximum channel efficiency of 47% and a minimum channel efficiency of 39%. However, the water balance analysis shows a maximum value of 11.45 m3 /second. While the minimum value is -0.04 m3 / second.

Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) is a crucial aspect of the textile industry to ensure worker protection and maintain smooth production processes. This study aims to identify and analyze potential occupational accident risks in the sizing machine process. The methods used in this research are Job Safety Analysis (JSA) and Risk Assessment to evaluate workplace hazards that may disrupt operations. The results indicate several major risks in the sizing process, including mechanical hazards due to direct contact with machines, ergonomic hazards caused by improper working postures, and chemical hazards from exposure to cotton dust and sizing solution vapors. The main risk factors include human aspects, the work environment, and machinery. The recommended improvements in this study include enhancing work supervision and control, providing safety training for workers, optimizing workplace ergonomics, and conducting regular machine maintenance to reduce accident risks. The proper implementation of safety strategies is expected to improve production efficiency and create a safer and more conducive work environment.

Excessive mucus or secretions in the lungs are a common symptom of bronchopneumonia in children. The buildup of thick phlegm will be difficult to expel and can block the child's respiratory tract. One way to relieve a blocked nose and thin phlegm is by mixing eucalyptus oil and hot water. The ability of eucalyptus oil to break down mucus is caused by cineole. The nursing student's final goal is to present a research synopsis on the use of hot steam therapy along with eucalyptus oil to clear the airways of ineffective bronchopneumonia in children. Using a case study design with three (3) respondents and a mixture of hot water steam and eucalyptus oil, this research uses case study techniques and a nursing process approach. Children aged between three and four years can benefit greatly from a treatment that involves inhaling eucalyptus oil vapors for ten to fifteen minutes to clear the respiratory tract and reduce the viscosity of mucus. The results of implementing the intervention showed that the average results for respondents were 1,2,3 pre-intervention, SpO2 98%, RR: 31x/m, rhonchi(-) R1:30, R2:30, R3:32. post intervention results showed SpO2: 99% and HR: 24x/m, R1:24, R2:25, R3:24. The combined intervention of hot water steam with eucalyptus oil is effective in reducing respiratory frequency in children with bronchopneumonia.

Chili (Capsicum annuum L.) is a high-value horticultural commodity, but its productivity is often hampered by factors such as soil conditions, climate, pests and disease. The use of plastic mulch, especially the black-silver type, can increase chili yields by 25–40% through weed control, maintaining soil temperature, and reducing evaporation. Although initial costs are relatively high, significant yield increases can offset those costs. However, the resulting plastic waste is an environmental problem, so biodegradable mulch can be a more environmentally friendly alternative. This research uses a literature review method to collect and evaluate information from various relevant sources regarding the application of plastic mulch in increasing chili productivity. With proper management, plastic mulch can support increased chili yields and agricultural sustainability.

Eye drops are used for dry eyes, red eyes, allergies, infections, and glaucoma. Evaluation of eye drops includes pH, osmolality, and viscosity, which must be adjusted so that the preparation is comfortable for the eyes and does not cause irritation. This review aims to determine the active ingredients that are suitable for use and the efficacy of these active ingredients in eye drops that are made. Literature searches were conducted using online-based literature search instruments, such as Google Scholar. The results and discussions include several physical and chemical evaluations from several journals. Based on the literature study conducted, it can be concluded that various formulation innovations for the treatment of dry eyes, including lipid-based liposomes, omega-3 fatty acids, and natural ingredients such as castor oil, show great potential in mimicking the function of the natural tear film, reducing fluid evaporation, and supporting regeneration and stability of corneal epithelial cells.

The ever-increasing use of plastic bags has caused serious problems for the environment. Plastic waste is a material that is difficult to recycle and evaporate so that it can damage the environment. To overcome these issues, this community service activity conducts painting training on tote bags media as an alternative to reduce the use of plastic bags when shopping. This training aims to educate participants about the negative impact of plastic bags and provide skills and train creativity in creating bags that can be used repeatedly. This community service activity involved children from the LKS-A program at the Yayasan Sejubah Insan mulia. In this session, participants learned the techniques of painting and designing tote bags, so they not only gained knowledge, but also practical experience. The results of the training showed that participants became more aware of the importance of reducing the use of plastic and preferring tote bags as a replacement.

This research investigates the effect of adding active ingredients such as butterfly pea flower extract and eggshell powder on the physical and chemical properties of smart biodegradable film packaging. The butterfly pea flower extract was prepared by mixing dry butterfly pea flowers with water in ratios of 0 (without butterfly pea flowers, as a control), 1:250, and 1:125. The eggshell powder was added in concentrations of 0%, 0.15%, and 0.3% (w/v). The result shows that the addition of active agents affected the water vapor transmission rate (WVTR), tensile strength, and elongation of the film. The addition of eggshell powder did not have any significant effect on the total phenol content, anthocyanin content, and antioxidant activity. The smart biodegradable film packaging produced in this study showed total phenol values ranging from 237,8858-907,1768 mg GAE/100 g sample, total anthocyanin content 0.1045-2.3512 mg cy-3-glu eq/100 g sample, antioxidant activity 5,1198-54.8475%, WVTR 60,5826-91,3325 g/m2/24 hours, tensile strength 2,615-8,479 N/mm2/24 hours, and elongation 1,437-43,360%. The results of this study show that the smart biodegradable film packaging developed can be used as an indicator to monitor changes in the quality of steamed chicken meat during storage.

The analysis of water irrigation loss is very importance, as the loss of water in irrigation canals may have a detrimental impact on the overall performance of the irrigation system. The occurrence of water loss can be attributed to a multitude of factors, including damage to the channel, evaporation, seepage, and other phenomena that diminish the usability of the water in question. Consequently, an analysis of water loss can assist in determining the quantity of water lost, as well as the factors that contribute to the occurrence of water loss. This enables the implementation of preventive and corrective measures to enhance the efficiency of water usage. The objective of this study is to ascertain the value of water loss in the secondary channel of the East Colo Irrigation Area. The research methodology entails direct field measurement of water irrigation loss. The results demonstrate that the average value of the percentage of water loss from the Geneng Secondary channel is 11.07%, with a maximum water loss percentage of 23.66% and a minimum water loss percentage of 2.84%. In the Pulosari Secondary channel, the average value of the percentage of water loss is 13.82%. In the Krikilan Secondary channel, the maximum water loss percentage was observed to be 18.38%, while the minimum is 9.36%. The average value of the percentage of water loss was found to be 22.81%, with a maximum of 26.01% and a minimum of 19.22%. The factors that cause water loss obtained an average percentage value of water loss due to evaporation of 0.22% in the Geneng Secondary channel, 0.04% in the Pulosari Secondary channel, and 0.01% in the Krikilan Secondary channel. For the average percentage value of water loss due to seepage of 0.001% in the Geneng Secondary channel, 0.0001% in the Pulosari Secondary channel and Krikilan Secondary channel.

Annual increases in tobacco excise rates increase state revenues, but also pose challenges for tobacco farmers and conventional and e-cigarette entrepreneurs. The impacts include increasing cigarette prices every year, which affects consumer purchasing power and business sustainability in the tobacco sector. This research aims to analyze the effect of the increase in Tobacco Products Excise rates as of January 1 2022 on sales of e-cigarettes at KDR Vapor Stores. This research is a type of descriptive research with a non-statistical quantitative approach. The data used includes changes in the selling price of e-cigarettes after the increase in Tobacco Products Excise rates, as well as sales and gross profit data for 2021 and 2022. Data collection techniques in this research are interviews and observation. The research results show that the increase in Tobacco Products Excise rates in 2022 will have a positive and significant influence on KDR Vapor Store sales. This means that the increase in excise rates on tobacco products in 2022 will increase sales at KDR Vapor stores. The increase in sales was followed by an increase in gross profit and COGS. Gross profit in 2022 will increase by IDR 914,349,630,- and COGS will increase by IDR 409,633,370,-. Gross Profit Margin Ratio percentage results for 2022, the KDR Vapor Store is considered to still be unable to run its business efficiently because the Cost of Goods Sold is relatively higher than the previous year. Suggestions for KDR Vapor Shop owners are to set competitive prices, regularly evaluate stock, and purchase products in large quantities to reduce the impact of increases in Tobacco Products Excise (CHT) rates. Expanding product variety, setting daily sales targets, and innovating with vouchers or giveaways are also important to attract and retain customers.

AEFI or Post-Immunization Adverse Event is a medical condition that is assumed to be related to immunization. Reactions that arise due to AEFI include high fever, abscesses/festering, seizures. The 2018 Lampung Provincial Health Office report noted that 32.6% experienced AEFI with the largest number being those experiencing high fever, namely 29.5%, festering 8.3%, seizures 0.97%, and others 0.57%. Reducing or controlling and controlling fever in children can be done in various ways, including pharmacologically and physically (non-pharmacologically), namely by using heat energy through conduction and evaporation methods. the effect of onion compress on reducing the baby's body temperature during fever after DPT immunization at PMB Yunita Vero Miza Lampung in 2024. Type of analytical survey research with a Post test Only Control Design approach. The research results showed a decrease in baby's body temperature after DPT immunization in the intervention group and control group after being given shallot compress with an average difference of 1.060. The results of the paired t-test obtained a p value = value 0.000 (p <0.05). there is an effect of onion compress on reducing the baby's body temperature during fever after DPT immunization at PMB Yunita Vero Miza Lampung