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This study aims to analyze the legal status of jointly managed social media accounts within the framework of marital property in Indonesia. The growth of the digital creative economy has transformed social media accounts into productive assets with economic value, yet Indonesian civil law has not provided legal certainty regarding their ownership status following divorce or death. The research method employed is normative legal research with a comparative legal approach. The results indicate a regulatory void in Law Number 1 of 1974, which remains oriented toward physical objects, while digital accounts are often regarded as personal rights tied to the registered individual. Conversely, digital regulations in the European Union, through the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and the concept of digital estate, have begun to accommodate the continuity of access and management of digital assets for relevant parties. The discussion emphasizes the need for a redefinition of assets in Indonesian family law that synchronizes privacy rights with economic rights. In conclusion, productive social media accounts should be qualified as marital property through progressive interpretation or prenuptial agreements. This study recommends the synchronization of personal data protection regulations and marriage law to ensure distributive justice for couples in the digital economy era.

The European Union Deforestation Regulation (EUDR), officially adopted by the European Union in 2023, has gained various responses from exporters, mainly due to quite demanding perception on regulation. This study focuses on the smallholder group (cooperatives and farmers), as among most impacted parties considering the financial constraints, knowledge limitation, and technical capacity. The main emphasis focuses on the challenges to comply EUDR’s documentation requirements, which include land use maps, sustainability certificates, land ownership documents, geolocation maps, proof of coffee land ownership, and the Supply Chain Traceability Report. This study aims to explore in depth the opportunities, barriers, and handling strategies adopted by exporting cooperatives. Primary data were collected through structured interviews with five cooperative representatives from various regions of Indonesia and analyzed using a thematic analysis method, referring to three main components of the Dynamic Capabilities Theory: Sensing, Seizing, and Reconfiguring. The outcome of this research presents internal and external strategic recommendations for cooperatives to prepare for the official implementation of the EUDR.

The European Green Deal is the European Union's strategy to reduce the impact of climate change and carry out major reforms in the agricultural sector. However, small and medium-sized farmers are suffering losses due to shift to more environmentally friendly agricultural system, stricter regulations, reduced subsidies, and restrictions on chemical fertilizers. In this journal, it can be seen how EGD policies create economic and social vulnerabilities that could threaten food security and the internal stability of the European Union. The methods used are a qualitative approach and descriptive analysis of the impact of green deal policies, which affect farmers and the general public. Data collection was conducted through a literature review of previous studies related to the impacts of the Green Deal. This journal discusses four key areas, the transformation of Green Deal policies, economic vulnerabilities faced by farmers, emerging social-political resistance, and implications for non-traditional security. The research indicates that while EGD policies aim to address climate threats, their implementation has led to non-security issues. A balance between climate and long-term food security is needed. To address social and economic changes at the domestic and regional levels, this study emphasizes the importance of inclusive and adaptive green transition policies.

Dalam era digital, isu perlindungan data menjadi perhatian global, termasuk bagi Indonesia yang berlandaskan Pancasila sebagai ideologi negara. Artikel ini mengkaji keterkaitan antara Pancasila dan kedaulatan digital dalam konteks implikasi hukum internasional terhadap perlindungan data nasional. Dengan menggunakan metode normatif dan pendekatan komparatif, penelitian ini menganalisis bagaimana prinsip-prinsip Pancasila dapat diimplementasikan dalam kebijakan perlindungan data serta sejauh mana hukum internasional, seperti General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Uni Eropa dan perjanjian multilateral lainnya, mempengaruhi regulasi di Indonesia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Indonesia perlu menyeimbangkan kedaulatan digital dengan kewajiban internasional untuk menciptakan sistem perlindungan data yang efektif sesuai dengan nilai-nilai Pancasila. Kesimpulannya, adaptasi hukum nasional terhadap standar global harus dilakukan tanpa mengorbankan kedaulatan negara dan kepentingan publik.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) in learning can serve as a tool for students to acquire knowledge. However, the understanding and use of AI in education still face various challenges. Some universities have started integrating AI learning into their curricula, but its implementation remains limited and uneven across different institutions. Additionally, the level of AI literacy among students in Indonesia is still relatively low. Adequate AI literacy is crucial for students to optimize the use of this technology without excessive dependence and to understand its ethical implications.This research aims to assess students' understanding of AI literacy and explore how AI literacy education can be integrated with the European model. A mixed-method approach is used in this study, combining quantitative research through questionnaires and qualitative research through interviews. The results indicate that students in Indonesia have a fairly good understanding of AI literacy. However, several challenges remain, including students' dependence on AI and ethical issues related to its use.Therefore, collaboration among various stakeholders, including universities, the government, and industry, is essential to enhance students' AI literacy skills. Efforts can include training programs, providing access to AI resources, and adopting AI-based learning models that have been implemented in Europe. Through these measures, it is expected that students' AI literacy will improve, supporting the advancement of technology-based education in Indonesia.

In the increasingly developing digital era, cyber law regulation has become a crucial element in maintaining security and order in cyberspace. Indonesia, as a country with rapid technological growth, faces major challenges in responding to global threats in the cyber sector. This study aims to analyze the readiness of cyber law regulation in Indonesia by comparing it to the regulations implemented in the European Union and the United States. A qualitative approach is used with descriptive and normative analysis methods to examine the applicable cyber law policies. The results of the study show that Indonesia still has many limitations in cyber law enforcement, especially in terms of data protection, cybercrime, and coordination mechanisms between related institutions. On the other hand, the European Union already has a comprehensive General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), while the United States applies a sectoral approach with different regulations in each field. This study suggests the need for regulatory reform that is more adaptive and responsive to global threats, as well as increased international cooperation in cyber law enforcement. Thus, Indonesia can be better prepared to face increasingly complex cyber challenges.

This research analyzes the impact of the European Union's Renewable Energy Directive II (RED II) policy on Indonesia as the world's main palm oil producer. Using a qualitative method, data was obtained from scientific journals, previous studies, books, and media reports. The RED II policy that restricts the use of palm oil in biodiesel in the European Union has a significant impact on Indonesia's CPO industry, such as a decline in exports that affects foreign exchange, GDP contribution, and exchange rate stability. This article also discusses Indonesia's response, including diplomacy and sustainable palm oil promotion strategies, to maintain export stability and meet EU sustainability standards.

The incidence of type 1 diabetes mellitus mostly occurs in children and adolescents has increased significantly every year, especially in developed countries in Western Europe which continue to experience the highest increase. The purpose of this study was to analyze the risk factors for type 1 diabetes in children and adolescents in developed countries in Western Europe. This type of research is a systematic literature review. The literature search strategy as a source of information was carried out by accessing electronic databases online, namely Science Direct, PubMed, and Google Scholar. Article quality assessment using Critical Appraisal Skill Programme (CASP). The results showed that out of 10 (2014-2024), conducted in the United Kingdom (n=1), Sweden (n=1), Germany (n=1), England (n=2), Denmark (n=3), Norway (n=1) and conducted in Norway and Denmark (n=1). Of the 10 articles, 5 out of 10 articles examined BMI on the development of type 1 diabetes in children and adolescents. The results of this systematic review found that age, gender, race, family history of diabetes, socioeconomic, BMI, nutritional intake in mothers and children, physical activity, infection and smoking will increase the risk of type 1 diabetes mellitus in children and adolescents in developed countries in Western Europe.  

The study "European Union Energy Policy After Russia's Attack on Ukraine in February 2022" analyzes the EU's energy policies in response to the energy crisis caused by the attack, which disrupted the EU's heavily Russian-dependent energy supply. Using a qualitative method with a descriptive analytical approach, the research identifies the EU's strategic steps to reduce energy dependence on Russia and transition to sustainable energy. The findings highlight the REPowerEU policy, under Regulation (EU) 2023/435, as the primary response, focusing on diversifying energy imports, increasing renewable energy production, promoting energy efficiency, and enhancing energy infrastructure. Key initiatives include renewable energy projects like solar power in Spain and Portugal, the North Sea Wind Power Hub, and the Celtic Interconnection project, as well as the Renovation Wave Initiative to improve building energy efficiency. These measures aim to address the immediate energy crisis and build a sustainable, resilient energy future for the EU. The study provides academic insights into EU energy policy and security, serving as a reference for those interested in energy policy and international energy security.

This research discusses the impact of EU energy protectionism in the face of global challenges such as the Covid-19 pandemic and the energy crisis due to the Russia-Ukraine conflict. Those two major events reveal the risks of over-dependence on foreign suppliers and the lack of diversification in the EU supply chain. As a solution, the EU has implemented various policies, including RePowerE, Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM), and Green Deal Industrial Plan (GDIP), to reduce dependence on energy imports and increase domestic renewable energy production. Through the analysis of neoliberalism and Game Theory approaches, particularly the Prisoner's Dilemma concept, this article explores the implications of protectionist policies on international trade stability. The analysis shows that while protectionist policies can strengthen the EU's energy independence and domestic security, they also have the potential to trigger international trade tensions and protectionist retaliation from other countries.

This article discusses the implementation of Indonesian diplomacy in facing the trade war against the European Union (EU) using a self-help concept approach. By analyzing the concept of self-help in international relations and its application in diplomatic strategy, this research highlights how Indonesia applies cooperative diplomacy with regional partners and diplomacy to overcome the challenges posed by the European Union's palm oil discrimination.This study uses a qualitative approach by collecting data from various primary sources of diplomatic documents related to the trade war involving the European Union. Apart from that, secondary data obtained from news, scientific articles and journals are relevant data sources.

This article examines the differential treatment of so-called exiles, people who were sent abroad either to study or to work. During the events of 1965-1966, their passports were revoked. They lived by moving from one country to another in search of a "home" that would accommodate them. The exiles traveled to various countries, including the Netherlands, France, Germany, Sweden and the United States. During this time, they experienced various difficulties, economically, socially and psychologically. Economically, they struggled to find work, socially, they experienced discrimination and psychologically, they were deeply traumatized and haunted by fear. The story of the suffering they experience contradicts the rights they should get as Indonesian citizens when they are abroad. The theoretical framework used is John Locke's liberalism, which clearly supports the equal rights of every citizen to ultimately create harmony between them. It is this equality of rights that this study aims to investigate. This research uses a qualitative approach that draws on literature, internet pages and interview narratives. As a result of the research, one of the exiles interviewed admitted that he was still proud to be an Indonesian citizen even though he did not get the same treatment as an Indonesian citizen.

Indonesia menghentikan ekspor nikel kadar rendah  melalui  Peraturan Menteri Energi dan Sumber Daya Mineral  No. 11 Tahun 2019 (Permen ESDM 11/2019) terkait perubahan kedua atas Peraturan Menteri Energi  dan Sumber Daya Mineral, pada tanggal 25 Desember 2018 mengenai pengoperasian tambang mineral dan batubara per  31 Desember 2019, Uni  Eropa sebagai salah satu importir nikel dari Indonesia menyatakan tidak setuju dengan pasal  dan mengajukan gugatan. Uni Eropa telah mengajukan keluhan ke Organisasi Perdagangan Dunia (WTO) atas larangan ekspor nikel  Indonesia. Uni Eropa menyatakan bahwa nikel yang diimpor dari Indonesia biasa digunakan oleh Uni Eropa  sebagai bahan baku industri baja tahan karat Eropa. Uni Eropa menuduh bahwa pembatasan tersebut dirancang oleh Indonesia untuk menguntungkan industri baja tahan karat dan pengecorannya. Adapun identifikasi masalah dengan bagaimana dampak terkait kasus larangan ekspor nikel terhadap hubungan perdagangan antara indonesia dan uni eropa dan apa alasan terkait kebijakan pembatasan ekspor nikel yang diterapkan pemerintah indonesia. Larangan ekspor nikel yang diberlakukan pemerintah Indonesia berdampak besar pada hubungan perdagangan antara Indonesia dan Uni Eropa. Uni Eropa,  konsumen  bijih nikel terbesar di dunia, telah mengambil tindakan hukum dan mengajukan gugatan terhadap Indonesia di Organisasi Perdagangan Dunia (WTO). Peristiwa tersebut telah menimbulkan ketegangan  hubungan dagang dan penyelesaiannya bergantung pada keputusan WTO. Pemerintah Indonesia menerapkan kebijakan pembatasan ekspor nikel karena berbagai alasan, antara lain meningkatkan nilai tambah tambang nikel, melindungi sumber daya alam, dan mendiversifikasi perekonomian. Keputusan tersebut juga berkaitan dengan upaya menjaga keseimbangan  perdagangan internasional dan mendorong praktik pertambangan yang lebih ramah lingkungan.  

The aim of this research is to find out how the European Union's complaint against Indonesia regarding the ban on nickel exports at the World Trade Organization (WTO) occurred. The biggest problem with this is the degradation of nickel in nature. Solving this problem requires nickel empowerment. This can be avoided by stopping shipments abroad, which will help anticipate the current depletion of nickel supplies. Therefore, the Indonesian government must hurry to increase nickel supplies, with activities aimed at increasing the added value of nickel in the country's natural resources.  

Perang yang terjadi antara dua negara maupun lebih akan mengakibatkan terjadinya pengungsian secara besar guna mencari kehidupan yang lebih layak dan melarikan dari wilayah konflik. Negara-negara anggota Uni Eropa merupakan negara yang mau membuka perbatasan dan menerima pengungsi dari wilayah konflik terutama dari wilayah Timur Tengah. Jerman dengan kebijakan pintu terbuka yang dicetuskan pada masa kepemimpinan Angela Merkel meenrima banyak apresiasi dari banyak pihak. Akan tetapi dampak negative muncul dengan membeludaknya angka kriminalitas di Jerman dan hal ini membuat Jerman secara tidak langsung memikirkan keputusan mereka dalam menerima pengungsi. Artikel ini akan membahas problematika yang muncul dari penerimaan pengungsi bagi Jerman dan bagaimana identitas masyarakat Eropa memiliki peranan yang cukup penting.    

Cultural and Creative Industries (CCIs) shows a significant increase, both globally and locally. The market for creative industries in Europe is also wide open. For Indonesia, the creative industry sector is also a leading sector. Unfortunately, many creative industry players do not understand the potential of this. Therefore, it is important to provide information about creative industry’s export potential to Europe. The method used in this program is through socialization and disccusion. The program has been held with participants in creative industries, located in Kampung Batik Laweyan Surakarta. The socialization program was held on Sunday, October 28, 2018 located in Batik Laweyan Village. Through this program, it can be useful for: (1) creative industry players, to get an overview of the potential of the creative industry in the European market; (2) for the region, can develop regional potential, regional promotion, and regional economic development; (3) for universities, as a fulfillment of the Tri Dharma elements of Higher Education. The output of this program are that the participants can understand and encouraged to export their creative industries product to the European market.Keywords: creative industry, Europe market, export, Kampung Batik Laweyan