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Mobility is one of the major challenges for visually impaired individuals in their daily activities. Visual impairments make it difficult for them to detect obstacles around them, increasing the risk of injury. This study aims to design and develop a smart stick based on ESP32, equipped with an ultrasonic sensor, to assist the mobility of visually impaired people. The system uses ultrasonic sensors to detect the distance of objects and provides early warnings to users through a buzzer, with varying rhythms depending on the proximity of objects. The research methodology includes system design and development of hardware and software, as well as direct testing on visually impaired users. The test results show that the system can detect obstacles with 95% accuracy at distances up to 200 cm, and provide appropriate responses based on the distance of detected objects. In addition, this prototype is energy-efficient, allowing for prolonged use without frequent recharging. This study provides a practical solution to enhance the independence and safety of visually impaired individuals in daily activities, with the potential for further development to improve detection accuracy and user comfort.

The railway doorstop system functions to increase the safety of road users and avoid accidents at crossings. This journal discusses the design and implementation of a train doorstop system using Arduino Uno with supporting components such as servo motors, LED lights, resistors and the HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor. The simulation aims to automate the process of closing and opening gate latches based on the presence of trains, with results demonstrating the effectiveness of the system in improving safety at crossings.  

This research aims to design a HFO Settling Tank monitoring simulation tool using an ultrasonic sensor that displays the fuel level in real time and accurately. The research that will be carried out is by utilizing Arduino Uno microcontroller technology and utilizing ultrasonic waves from ultrasonic sensors to determine a height in a tube container. These sensors as inputs will be received by Arduino Uno and the data results from the sensor will be displayed on the LCD and notification from the buzzer. In this study the authors used a research method in the form of the Rnd (Research and Development) method, which begins by analyzing and conducting in-depth research on an object or tool. Then the author designs a tool design which will then validate the design design, and revise the product if the design is deemed insufficient. For the last stage, testing the product, if the tool does not work according to the expected function, a redesign will be carried out. The result of this research is that the ultrasonic sensor is able to detect the height of the simulated container. The results of the detection are processed through Arduino and displayed on the LCD so that all parties can know the water level in the tube container.

The importance of innovation in waste management is increasingly felt in this modern era. This research introduces an automated waste handling system utilizing Arduino Uno-based sensors. Arduino Uno, as a versatile microcontroller, is employed to control the automation process in waste bins. Integrated ultrasonic and load cell sensors assist in identifying the presence of individuals disposing of trash and monitoring the weight of the waste, triggering the automatic disposal mechanism. This implementation not only enhances the efficiency of waste management but also provides convenience for sanitation workers. The study details the design, implementation, and performance evaluation of the automated waste bin system, showcasing the potential utilization of Arduino Uno technology in creating intelligent and sustainable solutions for waste management.

The development of Internet of Things (IoT) technology provides opportunities to automate various devices, including height measuring devices. This research aims to design and build an automatic height measuring device that is integrated with IoT technology. This tool is designed to measure body height automatically and send the measurement data to a cloud-based platform, making it easier for users to monitor data in real-time via smart devices. This system uses an ultrasonic sensor to detect body height, a microcontroller as a data processor, and a Wi-Fi module to send data to the server. Test results show that this tool is capable of measuring body height with a good level of accuracy and provides convenience in storing and monitoring measurement data remotely. Thus, this IoT-based height measuring device can be an innovative solution for the need for height measurement that is more efficient and integrated with digital systems.

From this research, monitoring can be done using an ESP32 microcontroller that can run the HY-SRF05 ultrasonic sensor to take measurements of fuel in the tank and then the measurement results can be seen on the connected android. This tool is made to monitor the volume of fuel oil on board via android without having to check to the field. From the results of this study, it is obtained that the HY-SRF05 ultrasonic sensor can measure the fuel level (cm) with a distance of 30 cm from the bottom depth of the tank and then the fuel level data (cm) is processed by ESP32 and then the height data from the sensor reading is displayed via android which has been connected online via an internet connection in the form of fuel volume (L). Tests were carried out 10 (ten) times with 3 (three) different capacities, namely with a capacity of 25%, 50%, and 75% of the maximum capacity of the fuel and with 2 (two) test methods, namely testing in stationary tank conditions (A) and testing in tank conditions getting shocks (B). So that from this test, the total value of the tool error (error) in the stationary tank condition (A) is 0.426% and in the condition of the tank getting a shock (B) of 0.420%. Based on the test results, the tool is said to be able to work well between measurements using the HY-SRF05 ultrasonic sensor and the actual depth with a system accuracy level of 99.57%.  

The aviation industry is one of the service sectors. Due to its large number of users, safety is the primary concern in this industry. To ensure this safety, routine maintenance of operating aircraft is crucial, leading to the emergence of the aircraft maintenance industry. Due to the safety factors of the workpiece, installing ladders requires a significant workforce to supervise the workpiece, namely the aircraft itself, to prevent the ladder from hitting the aircraft body, which can result in COPQ (Cost Of Poor Quality). However, the use of many workers for ladder installation is considered inefficient because the maintenance process could be expedited if these workers could be utilized to install ladders on other parts of the aircraft. Therefore, if maintenance can be completed more quickly, the aircraft can return to flight sooner, meeting the airline's flight demands. Addressing this issue, this study aims to facilitate the ladder installation and removal process, thereby reducing the potential for collisions and ensuring the ladder is positioned at the required distance. This is achieved through ultrasonic sensors mounted on the work ladder, connected to a motor via Arduino Uno. The motor will stop when the input from the ultrasonic sensor reaches the predetermined distance. Additionally, if the aircraft tail moves while the ladder is installed, the system will automatically adjust the ladder's position to maintain the necessary distance, thus minimizing losses during aircraft maintenance.    

Radar is a tool that functions to determine the whereabouts of objects in the surroundings. A military defense system requires a system for monitoring and handling certain areas (land, sea, air) effectively and efficiently to prevent unwanted presence from entering private areas. This design is expected to increase the defense system's capabilities to make it easier to automatically track and destroy enemies. The laser gun is an actuator that is integrated to shoot enemies detected by radar. The servo motor drives the ultrasonic sensor and the diode laser which moves from 00 to 1800, the ultrasonic sensor is integrated into the servo motor which functions to detect objects by reflecting ultrasonic waves on the object and receiving them back when the waves hit the object, then the 5V diode laser is used as a weapon. will emit a laser beam when directed at an object detected by the servo motor. Processing3 software is used as a graphic programming tool that can display object detection read by the ultrasonic sensor. The results of this research are that the ultrasonic sensor is capable of detecting objects in the range 0-40cm and the servo motor is capable of reaching angles from 00 to 1800. And this system can work effectively during shooting so that it can meet defense needs in dealing with enemies and can work quickly and precisely.    

An automatic water level controller mechanism in a water tank is needed to maintain the availability of water supply. One way is to create a control system that uses an ultrasonic sensor as a detector of the water level that is fed back to the water tank filling pump. To minimize fluctuations in sensor readings, a mechanism is needed to minimize the occurrence of water ripples. To provide easy information to users on site, a monitoring system in the form of an LED indicator is also added that informs the condition of the water level in the water tank. Therefore, in this study, a tool will be created that can automatically control and monitor the water level based on Arduino Uno which uses an ultrasonic sensor and LED indicator with a wave ripple holder

The condition of the ship's generator coolant is always monitored because it affects the performance of the ship's engine. Maintaining the engine coolant temperature is very important to avoid damage that occurs because the engine coolant is too hot on the engine components. With the internet of things, a technological concept has the ability to connect and facilitate the communication process between machines, devices, sensors and humans via the internet network. The aim of this research is none other than to monitor and automatically fill the water level of coolant radiators on generator engines on ships using an IoT system. This research uses a prototyping method system. After designing the tool, testing the tool, monitoring system and automatic filling of the water coolant radiator on the generator engine, the average error rate in the ultrasonic sensor readings when the first test was carried out was 3.02%, the second error was 2.57%, and the third error was 3.63%. Meanwhile, the coolant water discharge data is known to be 3 seconds to 10 seconds with a discharge of 60.7 mL/s. Where this data is monitored on the Blynk 64 mL/s application with an error rate of 5.43%. Therefore, the monitoring and charging system for this water coolant radiator using the IoT system can work well.

Many rivers in Indonesia had very poor water clarity due to a mixture of dirt and mud in the  water.  Polluted  rivers were  often  found  in  areas  near  settlements,  where  household  waste that flowing into rivers made the water look dirty and turbid. Pollutants dissolved in water will bind to small particles and settle at the bottom of the river, due to sedimentation. This research designed a device to detect sediment volume in the rivers. This device used an ultrasonic sensor type DYP-L04 and a rotary encoder for calculating volume, with Arduino Mega 2560 R3 as a processor. There is a PG45 motor that was used to set the motor speed to be constant. This ultrasonic sensor works based on the Arduino programming algorithm that has been designed,  so that the device can measure sediment volume optimally. The results of this research showed that the device could determine the volume of sediment with the average error score less than 10 %.