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Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the infectious diseases that remains a public health problem in Indonesia, including in West Java Province, which has a large population and high mobility. This condition has the potential to increase the risk of transmission and cause variations in the distribution of cases between districts and cities. This study aims to map the distribution of TB cases across all districts and cities in West Java Province from 2022 to 2024 using a spatial analysis approach. This analysis was conducted to describe the geographical distribution of cases, identify patterns of spread, and determine areas with relatively high or low case rates. TB data was obtained from routine recording and reporting by health facilities in West Java, then integrated with population and administrative boundary data. The results of the analysis provide information on case distribution patterns between regions and trends in case changes from year to year. The findings of this study are expected to serve as a basis for local governments in formulating more targeted TB prevention and control strategies, through a focus on interventions in areas with a high case burden, as well as optimizing sustainable public health programs in West Java Province.  

Tuberculosis (TB) remains one of the leading infectious diseases causing morbidity and mortality in Indonesia. Limited public health literacy regarding TB symptoms, prevention, and treatment adherence contributes to delayed diagnosis and poor treatment outcomes. This community service program aimed to improve public understanding and awareness of TB through interactive educational activities conducted at the Outpatient Unit and TB Clinic of UPT Puskesmas DTP Saketi, Pandeglang Regency. The activities involved 30 participants, including TB patients and their families. Interactive counseling sessions, audiovisual media presentations, and group discussions were used to engage participants actively. Evaluation results showed a 35% increase in participants’ knowledge scores, greater awareness of the importance of completing treatment, and improved communication between patients and healthcare workers. The implementation of interactive education proved effective in enhancing TB health literacy and supporting national TB elimination efforts at the primary healthcare level.

Pulmonary tuberculosis remains the leading cause of death worldwide, and the spread of Mycobacterium tuberculosis through droplets is a major contributing factor. Education on proper cough etiquette is an important behavior-based prevention strategy to reduce the spread of this disease. This literature review aims to analyze the effect of cough etiquette education on preventing pulmonary TB transmission. This study used a literature search through Google Scholar and the Garuda portal for publications from 2020–2025, resulting in five articles meeting the inclusion criteria. The results indicate that cough etiquette education can improve public knowledge, skills, and awareness in preventing pulmonary TB transmission. This educational intervention has proven effective in various target groups, such as the general public, families of TB patients, and school-age children. In conclusion, cough etiquette education is an important component of pulmonary TB transmission prevention strategies and is highly feasible for widespread implementation in public health programs.

Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease that remains a global and national health problem, with Indonesia among the top three countries with the highest TB burden in the world. Long TB treatment often impacts the physical, social, emotional, functional, and spiritual aspects of patients, so measuring the quality of health is important in assessing the success of therapy comprehensively. This study aims to determine the description of the quality of health of Tuberculosis patients at Wava Husada Hospital Malang using the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy Tuberculosis (FACIT-TB) instrument. This study is a descriptive study with a cross-sectional approach conducted on outpatient TB patients at Wava Husada Hospital Malang during June–August 2025. A total of 113 respondents who met the inclusion criteria were included. Data were obtained through the FACIT-TB questionnaire, which comprises five main variables: Physical Well-Being, Social/Family Well-Being, Emotional Well-Being, Functional Well-Being, and Spiritual Well-Being. The results showed that the majority of patients (53.1%) experienced moderate physical impairment, 73.5% had good social engagement, and 70.8% were emotionally stable. Fifty-four percent of respondents still had moderate functional impairment, while 45.1% were in the moderate spiritual impairment category. These findings indicate that although most patients demonstrated good emotional and social adaptation, physical, functional, and spiritual challenges remain that require further attention in healthcare. In conclusion, the overall quality of health of TB patients at Wava Husada Hospital in Malang is in the moderate category. These results underscore the importance of a multidimensional approach to TB patient management, emphasizing not only medical aspects but also psychosocial and spiritual support to improve therapy success and patient quality of life.

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), in 2023, around 305,000 per 100,000 live births of women will die due to prevalence due to CED related to pregnancy throughout the world, MMR in ASEAN in 2023 will be 100 per 100,000 live births with prevalence due to CED 40%, MMR in Indonesia in 2023 will be 4,129 with a prevalence due to KEK of 17.3%, MMR in Central Java will be 183 per live birth with a prevalence due to KEK of 6.7%. The MMR in Brebes is 1,083 with a prevalence due to CED of 5%, in Paguyangan women with a prevalence of CED from 2023-2024 is 119 cases. To find out about cases of pregnancy, childbirth, childbirth, postpartum and birth control Mrs. A with CED and history of TB. Qualitative descriptive research method with a case study approach. Comprehensive Care for Mrs. A was found to have problems with pregnancy with CED and a history of TB. Childbirth was carried out by induction based on KPD indications, there were no problems or abnormalities in the postpartum period, the postpartum period was still CED and had mild anemia, there were no complications during the postpartum period. Mrs. A chose the KB implant and there were no complaints after installation. It can be concluded that comprehensive midwifery care for Mrs. At 26 years of pregnancy, childbirth and postpartum there is a gap between theory and practice.

Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It is transmitted through the air, specifically through droplets expelled by sufferers when coughing or sneezing. TB is divided into two main types: pulmonary TB, which attacks the lungs, and extrapulmonary TB, which can affect other organs such as the pleura, lymph nodes, skin, bones, and meninges. In the Community Health Center (Puskesmas) work area, 77 new cases of pulmonary TB were recorded from January to April 2025. Meanwhile, coverage of Tuberculosis Prevention Therapy (TPT) only reached 44.7%, still below the national target of at least 50%. This condition indicates the need for increased health promotion activities and community diagnostic approaches as promotive and preventive measures, in order to increase TPT coverage and reduce the incidence of TB. The results of the respondent questionnaire showed that the level of public knowledge about TB reached 64.6%, positive attitudes at 94%, and preventive behavior at 72%. Based on these findings, it is recommended that outreach activities be conducted regularly to improve public understanding, which can ultimately encourage behavioral changes and reduce TB cases.

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major health problem in Indonesia, particularly in Islamic boarding schools (pesantren) where overcrowding and low awareness increase transmission risks. This community engagement aimed to improve knowledge, early detection, and reduce TB stigma at SMA Dar El Iman Islamic Boarding School, Padang. A participatory approach was conducted from July to September 2025 involving 34 female students. Activities included health education, student cadre formation through the Red Cross Youth (PMR), TB symptom screening, and anti-stigma campaigns. Results showed students’ knowledge improved from 45% to 90%, five student cadres were established as peer educators, and three suspected TB cases were referred to health facilities. Evaluation indicated increased awareness of dormitory hygiene, ventilation, and peer support. This program highlights pesantren as a strategic platform for TB prevention and early detection. In conclusion, school-based TB education and screening effectively enhance students’ capacity and support the national TB elimination target by 2030.

Introduction: Children of all ages can get tuberculosis (TB), an infectious disease. With 500,000 child TB cases annually and 40–50% of the population in poor nations being categorized as children, child TB is a significant disease to research. This study's main goal was to ascertain how nutritional status, contact history, and BCG immunization status related to childhood tuberculosis at Tidore Hospital in 2025.  Methods: This kind of study used a cross-sectional design and was analytically descriptive. In December 2025, there were 80 children with tuberculosis who visited the polyclinic on a regular basis, making up the study's population. Contact history has a significance level of 0.000 <0.05 and a t value of 3.564 > t table 1.665. This indicates that the Child TB variable is significantly impacted by the contact history variable to some extent. The t count value for immunization status is 4.055 > t table 1.665, with a significance of 0.000 <0.05. This indicates that the Child TB variable is significantly impacted by the Immunization Status variable to some extent. The Nutritional Status hypothesis was tested, and the results reveal a t value of 3.044 > t table of 1.665 with a significance of 0.000 <0.05. This indicates that the Child TB variable is significantly impacted by the Nutritional Status variable to some extent.So the advice for health workers is that it is hoped that they will be more active in providing counseling or KIE, putting up poster media, and providing leaflets related to TB in children.

Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious disease, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, primarily affecting the lungs, but also capable of involving other organs. According to data from the Indonesian Ministry of Health, pediatric TB cases increased by 20.9% in 2021. Similarly, at the Aceh Provincial Health Office reported an 87.3% rise in TB cases in the same year, with North Aceh being one of the regions with the highest prevalence. This study aims to describe the nutritional status of children diagnosed with TB at Cut Meutia Hospital. A descriptive research design was employed, using medical record data of pediatric TB patients. The sampling of technique used was total sampling, comprising 53 children. The findings showed that among the 53 pediatric pulmonary TB cases, most were male (28 children or 52.8%). The most affected age group was school-aged children (29 children or 54.7%). Regarding nutritional status, the majority had good nutrition (32 children or 60.4%). Pulmonary TB was the most prevalent form of TB, found in 41 children (77.4%). When analyzed by age and gender, pulmonary TB was the predominant type across all groups. In conclusion, pulmonary TB was the most common form of TB, predominantly affecting school-aged boys with good nutritional status.

  Medication adherence among pulmonary TB patients is crucial to prevent recurrence and ensurecomplete recovery. Patient knowledge of tuberculosis treatment and adherence to prescribed dosages andadministration methods are key components to successful treatment. This study aimed to determine therelationship between knowledge and medication adherence in pulmonary TB patients at Harapan Anda IslamicHospital, Tegal City. This study used a quantitative cross-sectional design. A sample size of 60 pulmonary TBpatients at Harapan Anda Islamic Hospital, Tegal City, was selected through purposive sampling. Data werecollected using a knowledge questionnaire and a medication adherence questionnaire. Data were analyzed usingthe chi-square test. Based on the analysis results, it was found that of the 60 patients with pulmonary TB atHarapan Anda Islamic Hospital, Tegal City, most were in the early elderly age (46-55 years), most were malebecause they were men, the majority were married, most had graduated from high school and most had privateemployment status. The level of compliance with taking medication in patients with pulmonary TB at HarapanAnda Islamic Hospital, Tegal City was in the high category. There was a relationship between the level ofknowledge and compliance with taking medication in patients with pulmonary TB at Harapan Anda IslamicHospital, Tegal City. There was a relationship between the level of knowledge and compliance with takingmedication in patients with pulmonary TB at Harapan Anda Islamic Hospital, Tegal City. Patients who had goodknowledge tended to be more compliant in undergoing treatment. These results serve as input for health servicesto provide health service programs to improve knowledge and compliance with taking medication in patients withpulmonary TB better.

Tuberculosis is one of world health problem, especially in developing countries. Treatment regimen with multiple first-line anti-tuberculosis drugs (ATD) such as Isoniazid, Rifampicin, Pyrazinamide, Ethambutol, And Streptomycin remains the most effective for treatment of tuberculosis. Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) to antituberculosis drugs may range from mild gastrointestinal disturbances to serious hepatotoxicity, peripheral neuropathy, and cutaneous adverse effects. We report a 65 year old male patient with a  complaint of yellowish discoloration of sclera, nausea and vomitting after three days of initiation of ATD theraphy. The patient has been diagnosed with Tuberculosis relaps and has been taking ATD since June 2024. Patient noted epigastric pain. Laboratory examination found an increase in bilirubin level and imbalance electrolyte. The treatment is in the form of discontinuation of ATD, supportive therapy and followed by hepatoprotective supplements. ATD should be discontinued in patients with hepatotoxicity and fixed drug eruption until liver function and clinical symptoms improve. Initiation of ATD administration is carried out by administering one by one regimen. The patient is currently experiencing antituberculosis drug-induced hepatotoxicity, which is managed by providing supportive care and  different AT regimen was prescribed.

The high mortality and morbidity rates of infants in Indonesia remain a serious public health problem. One of the main causes of this condition is the emergence of infectious diseases that can actually be prevented through basic immunization. Diseases such as diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus, tuberculosis, poliomyelitis, measles, and hepatitis B are types of diseases that can be prevented by immunization, yet many children still have not received complete immunizations. This study was conducted to determine the relationship between maternal knowledge levels and the completeness of basic immunization status of children aged 12–24 months in RW 13 Kp. Sapan, Sumbersari Village. This study used a quantitative approach with a cross-sectional design and was conducted in August 2024. A total of 39 mothers with children aged 12–24 months became the study respondents through a total sampling technique. Data collection was carried out using a questionnaire, and the data obtained were analyzed using the Chi-square test. The results showed that the majority of mothers had a sufficient level of knowledge, namely 21 mothers (53.8%). In addition, the majority of toddlers, 28 children (71.85%), had received complete basic immunizations. The results of statistical analysis showed a significant relationship between maternal knowledge and the completeness of children's basic immunizations with a p value of 0.006 (p < 0.05). This indicates that the higher the mother's knowledge regarding the importance of immunization, the greater the likelihood of the child receiving complete basic immunizations. Therefore, it is important for mothers to continue to increase their knowledge about immunizations through various sources of information such as books, counseling, or consultations with health workers, so that efforts to prevent infectious diseases in children can be optimally achieved.

Integrated Health Service Posts (Posyandu) are a means for active community participation in the health sector. Through Posyandu, the role of cadres as the spearhead of environmental health is crucial, especially in educating the community regarding prevention efforts and early detection of various infectious diseases such as tuberculosis (TB). Bekasi City is experiencing an increase in TB cases, so it is necessary to strengthen the capacity of Posyandu cadres to be more responsive and empowered in dealing with this situation. This community service program aims to improve the knowledge and skills of Posyandu cadres in early detection and prevention of TB. The activity was carried out at Posyandu Bangau, West Bekasi, involving 22 active cadres. The implementation method used a participatory and interactive approach, through health education that emphasized the identification of TB symptoms, transmission methods, and community-based prevention strategies. Evaluations were conducted before and after the education to measure the effectiveness of the activity. The evaluation results showed an 80% increase in cadre knowledge after attending the education. This achievement demonstrates that the delivery of accurate and communicative information is very effective in increasing Posyandu cadre awareness. Capacity building for cadres is not only crucial as an initial step in TB prevention, but also as a sustainable effort to build collective community awareness. With the active involvement of cadres and support from health workers, TB risk detection and prevention can be carried out more optimally and comprehensively.

Pulmonary tuberculosis remains a pressing public health problem, particularly in the work area of the Duduk Health Center (UPT Puskesmas). Effective management of this disease requires a thorough understanding of the characteristics of the causes of pulmonary TB in patients. This study aims to classify pulmonary TB cases based on the main causes such as diabetes mellitus, irritant factors, pleural effusion, and family environmental conditions. The research method used is a clustering technique with the K-Means algorithm. The data used are data on pulmonary TB patients in 2020–2025 with variables of age, gender, and causative factors collected from medical records. The analysis process was carried out using MATLAB R2014b software. The clustering model was carried out in 3, 4, and 5 clusters to compare the level of segmentation efficiency. Based on the calculation results, the model with 5 clusters showed the lowest cluster variance value of 0.4889 compared to the 3-cluster model (0.7333) and 4-cluster models (0.6151), which indicates that the division into 5 clusters produces the most compact and representative data group. Each cluster shows a different combination of characteristics of pulmonary TB patients, for example: (1) elderly male patients with comorbid diabetes; (2) adolescent females with the negative influence of environmental factors; (3) adult males exposed to irritants; (4) patients with pleural effusion; and (5) groups with multiple factors. The results of this study can provide strategic input for the Finished Community Health Center UPT in formulating more targeted and targeted intervention policies in order to prevent, control, and handle pulmonary tuberculosis cases in a sustainable and effective manner.  

Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious illness triggered by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, with transmission influenced by not only personal behaviors but also by the physical condition of the home environment. Environmental risk factors include flooring, wall material, ceiling structure, indoor temperature, humidity levels, air ventilation, habits of opening windows, and housing density. This research aimed to explore the correlation between individual behavior and the quality of home environmental conditions with pulmonary TB incidence in the Sematang Borang Health Center’s coverage area, Palembang, in 2025. A descriptive observational design was employed, involving 91 participants from Lebung Gajah Subdistrict. The sample consisted of both confirmed pulmonary TB patients (PCR positive) and individuals without TB (PCR negative), selected through purposive sampling. Data were processed using univariate analysis to describe frequency distributions and respondent characteristics. The study found that 35.2% of respondents were diagnosed with pulmonary TB, while 64.8% were not. Most participants were between 46 and 65 years old (42.9%), predominantly female (59.3%), and had a senior high school education (40.7%). In terms of TB-related knowledge and behavior, 59.3% had good knowledge, 63.7% held a positive attitude, and 50.5% practiced proper prevention measures. Nevertheless, more than half (56.0%) of the housing conditions failed to meet health standards for a safe home environment. These findings highlight that while the community shows generally good awareness and preventive behavior regarding TB, many still reside in environments that may contribute to TB transmission. Therefore, continuous health education, proactive contact tracing, and targeted health campaigns for at-risk groups—especially among those with lower educational backgrounds—should be prioritized.

Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by infection with bacteria from the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex group. TB prevention efforts are crucial, especially for individuals at high risk of exposure, to disrupt the chain of transmission of this disease. The intervention aimed to increase community understanding of TOSS TB (Find, Treat, Treat Until Cured) so that it can be applied in daily life. It is expected that after the intervention, participants' knowledge will increase, as will their ability to demonstrate the practices taught appropriately. Data collection was conducted through a mini-survey of the community in the local Community Health Center (Puskesmas) working area. The data obtained were then analyzed using the Blum Paradigm to identify factors contributing to the problem. Problem prioritization was carried out using the non-scoring Delphi method, while root cause analysis was conducted using a fishbone diagram. During the intervention process, pre- and post-tests were conducted to evaluate changes in the level of knowledge of villagers before and after the intervention. For program monitoring and evaluation, the PDCA (Plan-Do-Check-Act) cycle approach and a systems approach were used. The analysis using the Blum Paradigm showed that lifestyle was the primary contributing factor to the problem. After the intervention, three participants were able to repeat the material effectively, demonstrating a better understanding of TB prevention. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the intervention was successful and is expected to encourage improvements in public health in the village. Furthermore, this program is also expected to serve as a model for other public health interventions, thereby expanding the positive impact of TB control efforts in other areas. Thus, public awareness and knowledge about TB can continue to increase, which in turn will contribute to reducing TB incidence in Indonesia and improving the overall quality of life of the community.

Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) remains a major public health concern in Indonesia. Active family involvement in both prevention and treatment is crucial; however, many families have yet to fulfill their health-related responsibilities effectively. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of health education through the IKAT TB (Tuberculosis Health Information) application on family health responsibilities in the prevention and treatment of pulmonary TB. A pre-experimental design with a one-group pretest-posttest approach was used. The sample consisted of 46 respondents selected through total sampling. The intervention involved providing education via the IKAT TB application, and data were collected using a family health responsibility questionnaire. Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test. The results showed an increase in family health responsibility scores following the educational intervention. The Wilcoxon test produced a p-value of 0.000 (p < 0.05), indicating a significant difference between pre- and post-intervention scores. The findings suggest that health education delivered through the IKAT TB application is effective in enhancing family engagement in TB prevention and treatment. Digital media platforms such as mobile applications offer accessible information and can strengthen family involvement in TB care.

Tuberculosis (TB) is a disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Indonesia is one of the countries with the highest number of TB cases in the world. The key to successful TB treatment is treatment adherence. One factor that influences treatment adherence is stigma, which can result in incomplete treatment. This study aimed to determine the relationship between stigma and adherence to pulmonary TB treatment in the city of Lhokseumawe. The research method used was descriptive correlational with a cross-sectional approach. The sampling method was quota sampling with a sample size of 83 pulmonary TB patients. Data were filled in by filling out the Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness (ISMI) scale and Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8) questionnaires, and the data were analyzed using the Spearman correlation test (p = 0.05). The results of the bivariate test of age, gender, last education, occupation, and PMO did not have a relationship with adherence to pulmonary TB treatment, with a p value> 0.05. However, the duration of treatment had a relationship with the level of adherence to pulmonary TB treatment, with a p-value = 0.008. The study's results also showed that stigma and treatment compliance did not have a significant relationship, with p-value = 0.197. It was concluded that there was no relationship between stigma and compliance with pulmonary TB treatment. Health services in Lhokseumawe City are expected to continue to provide education and motivation to pulmonary TB patients to comply with their treatment.

Tuberculosis (TB) is the ninth leading cause of death worldwide, surpassing HIV/AIDS. In 2016, TB-related deaths among HIV-negative individuals reached 1.3 million, while deaths among those with HIV-TB co-infection totaled 374,000. Indonesia ranks among the top five countries with the highest TB burden, accounting for approximately 5.8% of global TB cases. The TB prevalence rate in Indonesia in 2016 was 391 per 100,000 population, with nearly half of the cases occurring among women of reproductive age. It is estimated that 1–3% of pregnant women have TB, and some are also co-infected with HIV. The national target for TB elimination by 2030 is to reduce incidence to 65 per 10,000 population and mortality to 6 per 100,000 population. However, in Mimika District, the TB incidence remains high at 707 per 10,000 population, with a mortality rate of 27 per 100,000 population.This community service program aimed to improve knowledge regarding the prevention of pulmonary TB transmission from adults to toddlers living in the same household, in order to break the chain of transmission. The activity was conducted from July to September 2024 in Kamoro Jaya Subdistrict, under the jurisdiction of Wania Health Center, with 90 participants consisting of mothers with toddlers and community health volunteers (Posyandu cadres).Methods used included lectures, group discussions, and demonstrations. The educational material focused on the prevention of TB transmission in children. Participants completed a questionnaire before the activity. The results showed an increase in knowledge regarding the prevention of pulmonary TB in children.

Tuberculosis is still a health problem in the community, regular treatment can minimize transmission, and the combination of herbal medicine with anti-tuberculosis drugs can reduce tuberculosis symptoms. Currently, the community does not understand herbal medicine for the treatment of tuberculosis symptoms. Health education is needed for information about the benefits and impacts of herbal medicine in the treatment of tuberculosis. The purpose of this community service is to provide information to families as a companion to the use of herbal medicine for the treatment of tuberculosis symptoms. This community service uses a participatory Action Research (PAR) approach. This approach allows for active interaction with the community. This community service uses lecture and discussion methods for families at risk of tuberculosis, education is given with a time of 1 (one) meeting with a duration of 60 minutes. The media used are leaflets and booklets to make it easier for families to understand herbal medicine. The results obtained after health education were carried out were an increase in family understanding of the benefits and side effects of using herbal medicine for the treatment of tuberculosis symptoms. It is hoped that health education can provide information about the use and side effects in the treatment of tuberculosis symptoms. Keywords: Health education, Herbal Medicine, Tuberculosis