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This research is entitled "Theology of Embrace: Perspectives of Indonesian Christian Pastors on Concern for Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender People." The focus of the research is directed at how pastors of the Indonesian Christian Church (HKI) understand and respond to the presence of the LGBT community within the congregation, as well as how the concept of embrace theology can be implemented in Church services. The background of this research arises from the persistence of stigma, discrimination, and rejection of LGBT people in the church environment, which impacts their alienation from fellowship. This research method uses a qualitative with a descriptive approach, the researcher interviewed 10 HKI pastors in 9 regions to explore their perspectives. The results show that 3 HKI pastors still hold conservative views regarding LGBT, viewing it as behavior that is contrary to the values ​​of Christian faith. There are also 7 pastors who are starting to open themselves to embracing LGBT people through a more humane and compassionate pastoral approach. The concept of embrace theology according to Miroslav Volf is a relevant theological offer for creating an inclusive church space, solidarity, and relationship restoration. This research is expected to contribute to the church, especially HKI, in formulating pastoral policies that are fair, relevant, and in line with the values ​​of Christ's love for all people without exception.

In society, there are terms like Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender (LGBT) which are generally considered as a form of sexual orientation deviation. Sexual orientation itself refers to a person's emotional, physical, or romantic attraction to either the same or the opposite sex. Some countries legalize homosexual life, including same-sex marriage, but in the context of sexual deviation, homosexuality is considered contrary to the norms and values maintained in society. Based on this, several issues are raised, namely how Indonesian criminal law, especially the Criminal Code (KUHP), regulates LGBT; looking at Law Number 39 of 1999 concerning Human Rights for LGBT; and what legal efforts are made by the government to address issues related to LGBT. The author uses a descriptive analytical research method, with a normative descriptive approach that examines literature and regulations using qualitative legal analysis. The research results show that the provisions regarding homosexuality in Indonesian criminal law, which include Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender, are contained in Book II of the Criminal Code, Chapter XIV concerning Sexual Crimes, Article 292, and for cases involving children, are stipulated in Article 82 paragraph (1) of Law Number 35 of 2014. Furthermore, there is no legal recognition of homosexuality, and the law only permits homosexual practices involving children under the age of majority. The constitution recognizes human rights with limitations that may not conflict with regulations, morals, religious values, or public safety. The government is making efforts by coordinating not only with the LGBT community but also with relevant agencies, preventing violations arising from policies or systems, and continuously raising awareness among the government, the public, and various parties regarding human rights principles.

This study compares sex work regulations in Indonesia and Thailand through the lens of human security. Using qualitative comparative literature approach, the research analyzes four core dimensions including health, economy, legal protection, and social inclusion. Findings show that Indonesia still relies on criminalization, which exacerbates vulnerability, restricts access to health services, and reinforces stigma. Conversely, Thailand is undergoing a regulatory transition marked by community engagement, harm reduction practices, and early steps toward decriminalization. However, Thailand’s policy remains incomplete in addressing the rights of migrant and transgender sex workers. The study concludes that while Thailand provides a more inclusive model, both countries require further policy reform distinguishing voluntary sex work from exploitation, strengthening grassroots organizations, and regional policy harmonization under ASEAN human rights framework.

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a retrovirus that targets the human immune system, particularly cells with CD4 receptors such as T lymphocytes, monocytes, and macrophages. This virus causes progressive damage to the immune system and, if left untreated, can develop into Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). HIV is transmitted through sexual contact, blood transfusions, shared needles, and from mother to child during pregnancy, childbirth, or breastfeeding. HIV has become a global pandemic, with over 39 million people living with the virus in 2022. In Indonesia, the HIV epidemic is diverse, with high-risk groups including injection drug users, men who have sex with men, sex workers, and transgender individuals. The pathogenesis of HIV involves infection of immune cells, integration of viral DNA into the host genome, and production of new virions, leading to a gradual decline in immune function. HIV diagnosis is conducted through serological and virological testing, while antiretroviral therapy (ART) is the standard treatment to suppress viral replication, preserve immune function, and improve patients' quality of life and life expectancy. Early detection and proper management of HIV are crucial to preventing progression to AIDS and reducing transmission within the population.

Gender identity is part of human existence in society. In Indonesia, the diversity of gender identities other than male and female, such as waria (male and female), often causes social and cultural debates. Waria are a group that are biologically born as men but express themselves as women, both in appearance and behavior. The acceptance of waria in society is not uniform. On the one hand, some people show a tolerant attitude, especially in urban areas that are more open to diversity. On the other hand, negative stigmas against waria are still widely found, which are affected by their limited access to education, work, health services, and public spaces in general. This study uses a qualitative research type. The subjects of this study are waria in Jember City. In this study, researchers use qualitative methods in collecting data by conducting direct observations to obtain data by writing, recording and explaining what is happening to get the right information. In this study, the phenomenological method was also used by searching for data through face-to-face interviews with informants and meeting the agreed informants.

 According to the Indonesian Ministry of Health's report on HIV cases for the period January – March 2017, the total number of HIV virus infections reported was 10,376 people. The highest percentage of HIV factors in risky sex was among men who have sex with men (MSM) (28%), heterosexuals (24%), injecting needles (2%) and others (9%). In the West Sumatra region, in 2022, in 4 points, namely Padang City, Bukitinggi, Solok and Solok Regency, it is estimated that there will be 14,469 people who have sex with men (MSM) or gay people in West Sumatra (Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia, 2022). The aim of this research is to determine the description of the knowledge and attitudes of class VIII teenagers regarding LGBT at SMP Negeri 24 Padang in 2024.This type of research is "analytical" with a cross sectional design. This research was conducted in May-September 2024 at SMP Negeri 24 Padang. The population of this study were all students in class VIII of SMP Negeri 24 Padang. The sampling technique with a sample size of 73 people was simple random sampling. Data collection uses primary and secondary data. Univariate analysis uses descriptive statisticsThe research results show that from the results of data processing from SPSS, 28.8% of teenagers have good knowledge and 71.2% have sufficient knowledge. And for the assessment of adolescent attitudes, 46.6 were positive and 53.4 were negative. With a sample of 73 respondents.It was concluded that 71.2% of teenagers had sufficient knowledge about Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender (LGBT). From the attitude of teenagers who behave negatively, 53.4% ​​are also expected for schools to be able to further increase the provision of knowledge about (LGBT), especially the impacts or dangers of (LGBT). This can further increase teenagers' knowledge, especially about the dangers of (LGBT).

Based on the HIV/AIDS information system report of the West Sumatra provincial office, it was stated that Padang City with the number of AIDS cases reported in 2021 recorded 280 people infected with HIV from January to November 2023. The Padang City Health Office stated that the dominant cause with the highest risk of residents infected with HIV AIDS was men who have sex with men (MSM), there was one case of MSM at SMP Negeri 24 Padang. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors related to adolescent perceptions of LGBT at SMP Negeri Padang in 2024.This type of research is "analytical" with a cross-sectional design. This research was conducted in June - September 2024 at SMP Negeri 24 Padang. The population of this study was all students of class VIII of SMP Negeri 24 Padang. The sampling technique was simple random sampling. Data collection used primary and secondary data. Univariate analysis used descriptive statistics and bivariate analysis used the chi square test.The results of the study showed from the chi square test results (p>0.05) there was a significant relationship between adolescent knowledge (p-value = 0.011) and adolescent perceptions about LGBT and there was no significant relationship between adolescent attitudes (p-value = 0.191) and adolescent environment (p-value = 0.802) with adolescent perceptions about LGBT.It was concluded that there was still a lack of adolescent knowledge about LGBT. It is hoped that the results of this study can further increase adolescent knowledge, especially about the dangers of LGBT in reducing the number of HIV transmissions.

Humans as social creatures need language as a communication tool to share thoughts, feelings, and information. Language is a complex social phenomenon that is influenced by culture and social context. Pragmatics, which is a branch of linguistics that studies meaning in context, focuses on speech acts as a basic element in communication. This study aims to analyze the illocutionary speech acts (directive, expressive, commissive, declarative, and representative) that often appear on Neuron's YouTube channel, especially on playlists related to sex education. This research uses descriptive qualitative method and pragmatics theoretical approach, and collects data through literature study by referring to various scientific literatures relevant to the topic discussed. The focus of the study is to analyze the illocutionary speech acts in sex education videos on Neuron's YouTube channel, which discuss important issues such as HIV/AIDS, contraception, and transgender. Of the six videos in the “Sex Education” playlist analyzed, 91 illocutionary speech acts were found, consisting of 28 directive speech acts, 8 expressive speech acts, 11 commissive speech acts, 15 declarative speech acts, and 29 representational speech acts. This research is expected to provide insight into the use of illocutionary speech acts in Neuron's YouTube channel playlist and help viewers understand the messages conveyed in these sex education videos.