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Organized cross-border crimes that deprive human rights, namely the Crime of Trafficking in Persons (TPPO), often use population migration routes as the main entry route. This research seeks to review how criminal law is applied to trafficking perpetrators who take advantage of immigration access, as well as uncover the obstacles that arise when law enforcement is carried out in the area of the Class II Immigration Office of TPI Belawan. This study adopts an empirical juridical approach with a qualitative analysis framework. Information collection was carried out through the review of regulatory documents and in-depth discussions with officials at the Class II Immigration Office of TPI Belawan. The research findings indicate that enforcement efforts against trafficking cases in the Belawan operational area rely on Law No. 21 of 2007 concerning the Eradication of Trafficking and Law No. 6 of 2011 concerning Immigration. It was identified that the modes of violation that often occur are falsification of travel documents and the abuse of residence permits to facilitate the sending of illegal migrant workers abroad. Significant obstacles faced include challenges in proving criminal elements, disconnection of the perpetrator network, and lack of synergy between law enforcement agencies in the port area. In closing, improving immigration surveillance capabilities and strengthening partnerships are important means to reduce the threat of human trafficking through the sea route in the Belawan area.

This study aims to analyze the investigation process involving children as perpetrators of trafficking in persons at the Women and Children Protection Unit (PPA) of Bukittinggi Police Resort and to assess the forms of legal protection provided at each stage of the examination. This research applies an empirical juridical approach by combining literature review and field research through interviews with investigators and related parties. The findings indicate that the investigation process has been conducted in accordance with Law Number 11 of 2012 concerning the Juvenile Criminal Justice System, while upholding the principle of the best interests of the child. Legal protection is implemented through legal assistance, closed hearings, limited detention periods, and coordination with relevant institutions to support the child’s recovery and rehabilitation. However, several obstacles remain, including the limited number of investigators, restricted investigation timeframes, and difficulties in presenting witnesses. This study concludes that legal protection for children involved as perpetrators of trafficking in persons has been carried out in line with normative regulations, yet it requires strengthened institutional capacity and inter-agency coordination to ensure more effective implementation.

This study discusses in depth the factors that cause and efforts to overcome the crime of trafficking in persons (TPPO) in the jurisdiction of the East Nusa Tenggara Police (NTT), which is known to have the highest number of trafficking cases in Indonesia. Using a juridical-empirical approach through interviews with nine resource persons consisting of law enforcement officials, women and child protection institutions, and the community, this study shows that although the substance of the law is quite adequate, its implementation is still weak and has not been able to cause a deterrent effect for perpetrators. Limited human resources, supporting facilities, and weak coordination between institutions are the main obstacles in the law enforcement process. Countermeasures are carried out through three main aspects, namely preemptive (counseling, socialization, and community economic empowerment), preventive (port supervision, formation of a monitoring team for illegal job vacancies, and cross-sector cooperation), and repressive (investigation, arrest, and legal process against perpetrators). This research also emphasizes the importance of increasing the capacity of the apparatus, synergy between agencies, and public education as sustainable steps in reducing the number of trafficking and protecting victims as a whole.

The phenomenon of online gambling and human trafficking crimes that afflict children is a serious problem in Papua, especially among teenagers who are vulnerable to falling into it due to a lack of understanding of the law and weak social control. The lack of access to correct information and low legal literacy make them more easily influenced by irresponsible parties. Therefore, this community service aims to provide practical legal education through the establishment of an Anti-Online Gambling and Trafficking in Persons Law Clinic to students of Al Ihsan Yapis Kotaraja Junior High School. The service method is carried out in a participatory manner by actively involving students in various activities. Activities include interactive legal counseling delivered in simple language, discussions about real cases relevant to the daily lives of teenagers, and simulations of handling legal problems. With this approach, participants not only gain theoretical knowledge, but also practical experience in recognizing and dealing with legal problems that they have the potential to face in the surrounding environment. The results of the service showed an increase in participants' understanding of the legal consequences of online gambling and child trafficking. In addition, students demonstrate a higher critical awareness of the risks that may occur, as well as skills in recognizing signs of suspicious behavior that lead to criminal acts.

Human trafficking is the violation of human rights through violence, deception and coercion. Cambodia is one of the countries in Southeast Asia with a high rate of human trafficking. ASEAN then took action by establishing the ASEAN Convention Against Trafficking in Persons Especially Women and Children (ACTIP) as an effort to prevent and protect victims of human trafficking. This study shows that although the ACTIP provides a legal framework, its implementation still faces obstacles, weak institutional capacity, cross-country complexity issues, and lack of collaboration between ASEAN countries. The effectiveness of ACTIP then becomes important in assessing ASEAN's commitment in addressing human trafficking as a whole. Increased coordination between member states, strengthening law enforcement agencies are key in implementing ACTIP in the ASEAN region. 

The crime of trafficking in persons or the crime of exploitation of persons is a crime that violates human rights and is increasingly prevalent in Indonesia, where the crime of trafficking in persons or the crime of exploitation of persons is very threatening to the life and environment of the community and the state, the problem discussed is the purpose and modus operandi of the crime of trafficking in persons or the crime of exploitation of persons,  and a form of legal protection for victims of human trafficking. The formulation of the problem studied is related to the modus operandi that often occurs today, especially in Indonesia in these crimes. How is it related to the form of protection and rehabilitation and the fulfillment of restitution for victims of human trafficking. This research is included in the research of normative juridical law (Legal Reasherc), legislative approaches, philosophical approaches, and historical approaches which are also strengthened by court decisions which has permanent legal force. The modus operandi of the crime of human trafficking is through persuasion or seduction with the promise of being given a well-established and guaranteed job with their safety while working as well as the lure of high salaries so that the victims of human trafficking without thinking long immediately agree to this, this researcher also discusses the legal protection for victims of human trafficking or the crime of exploitation of persons contained in Law Number 21 of 2007 concerning The eradication of the crime of trafficking in persons must be implemented and maximized again related to the protection and fulfillment of the rights of victims of trafficking in persons.    

The condition of a country experiencing an economic crisis can have a very broad impact on the country, one of which is the lack of domestic employment opportunities, resulting in an increase in the number of unemployed people, which leads to the goverment’s helplessness to overcome poverty. This causes citizens to flock to work abroad. The handling must be balanced with cooperation with several parties, not only the government, and implementers of labor placement but also to prospective workers so that legal problems do not arise between workers and those who provide work. This study aims to analyze efforts to overcome the crime of trafficking in persons for Indonesian migrant workers. This research uses normative juridical and empirical juridical approaches to understand the obstacles and challenges in handling human trafficking cases.

The practice of labor exploitation is not new. Labor exploitation has been widespread since the colonial era. Some people use print media, social media, and even word-of-mouth to market. Although this is nothing new, labor exploitation is still happening and is growing more concerning. Due to the fact that it involves both domestic and international offenders, this is the case. between nations. The methods used in human trafficking crimes have become more complex as communication, information technology, and transformation have advanced. The criminals are looking for victims from the lower social classes. It is not unusual for offenders to help victims by giving them debt or company cash. Some even go so far as to give scholarships to those who want to pursue further education overseas. According to the Witness and Victim Protection Agency (LPSK), which has verified this, human trafficking, particularly labor exploitation, does not discriminate. Because human trafficking, particularly labor exploitation, disregards age and gender. age and gender. Labor exploitation affects both men and women, as well as children and adults. Law No. 21/2007 on the Eradication of the Crime of Trafficking in Humans, Law No. 18/2017 on the Protection of Workers, and Law no. 18/2017 on the Protection of Migrant Workers all prohibits the trafficking of humans for the purpose of labor exploitation. Workers who are migrants. This paper addresses several topics, including the criminal law's prohibitions against trafficking in persons for the purpose of labor exploitation, the need for immediate enforcement of these prohibitions, and the elements that contribute to trafficking in persons for the purpose of labor exploitation. labor exploitation, as well as elements that contribute to human trafficking for the prevalence of labor exploitation is increasing. Labor exploitation is becoming more and more common. The descriptive analytical method was employed in the study. method of analytical descriptive research. It is anticipated that this research will offer a complete, methodical, and exhaustive analysis.

This study aims to find out and analyze  the role of the prosecutor's office in determining the right to restitution for the crime of trafficking in persons based on case number 27/Pid.sus/2019/PN.Kpg. This research is a normative legal research (library research) supported by empirical data. This research focuses on the Role of the Prosecutor's Office in Determining the Right to Restitution for the Crime of Trafficking in Persons. The approach used in this study is the case approach. This research uses primary legal materials, secondary legal materials and tertiary legal materials. This legal research is analyzed using the  Content Analysis legal material analysis technique. The results of this study show that (1) The existence of restitution is contained in Law Number 21 of 2007 concerning Trafficking, Article 4 of Perma No. 1 of 2022, and is contained in the Criminal Procedure Code. (2) The role of the prosecutor's office in determining the right to restitution of victims in the crime of trafficking in persons is to inform the victim of their rights in submitting restitution applications to the court, so that the suggestions that can be given to law enforcers, especially the Public Prosecutor, should be given socialization or training regarding Law Number 21 of 2007 concerning the Eradication of Trafficking in Persons, especially the provision of restitution,  so that there is a common perception in handling cases of human trafficking.

This study aims to find out and analyze the factors that hinder the investigation of human trafficking in South Central Timor. This research is an empirical legal research supported by a qualitative approach using primary data in the form of interviews and secondary data in the form of information, literature studies, literature books, documents, laws and regulations, and other written sources related to research collected using interview techniques, literature studies and documentation studies that are analyzed in a qualitative descriptive manner. The results of the study show that (1) Police Actions in the Eradication of Trafficking in Persons by the South Central Timor Resort Police include, Pre-emptive Actions and Preventive Measures and Repressive Actions. (2) Efforts Made to Overcome Obstacles in the Investigation Process for the Crime of Trafficking in Persons, namely the first effort, carried out persuasively, the second effort, the police make efforts by convincing using words and the third effort, the police give advice to the victim's parents to keep their children, especially their daughters, more strictly, (3) The role of the Manpower and Transmigration Office of South Central Timor Regency in Handling the Crime of Trafficking in Persons and the Role of Local Governments in Supporting the Overcoming of Persons is to increase public understanding of the procedures and mechanisms for working out, both between regions and between countries.

This study aims to find out and analyze the efforts made by the East Nusa Tenggara Provincial Police (Polda NTT) in tackling the crime of human trafficking in NTT Province. This type of research is an empirical research using primary data and secondary data collected using interviews and literature studies that are analyzed qualitatively descriptively. The results of this study show (1) the efforts made by the NTT Police in tackling human trafficking in NTT Province, namely Pre-Emptive efforts, Preventive efforts and Repressive efforts (2) obstacles faced by the police in tackling the crime of human trafficking, namely the number of perpetrators who are not detected and parents who are slow to report, the difficulty of the police in collecting evidence in prosecuting the perpetrators and the inability of the victims to Saying the truth is because the victim is afraid of things that can be dangerous.

This study aims to find out and analyze the criminological review of the crime of trafficking in persons studied in Ende Regency The type of research used in the study is empirical juridical research. Empirical Juridical Research, where prospective researchers conduct research in the field. Data collection technique by conducting interviews with 3 resource persons. As well as the data analysis techniques used, namely descriptive-qualitative analysis. The results of this study show that: (1) The factors that cause the occurrence of trafficking in Ende Regency. Namely, (a) Financial emotional pressure, (b) Lack of legal and moral awareness, (c) Poverty and economic inequality, (d) Lack of education and employment opportunities, (e) social and cultural, (f) family. (2) Efforts to combat trafficking in Ende Regency. In an effort to overcome trafficking in Ende Regency through 3 efforts, Preemptive, Preventive, and Repressive.

Human trafficking, also known as human trafficking, is a new form of transnational crime that is increasingly rampant. The crime of trafficking in persons is a modern form of human slavery, the crime of trafficking in persons, has expanded in the form of a network of organized and unorganized crimes. The crime of trafficking in persons even involves not only individuals but also corporations and state administrators who abuse their authority and power, According to Law Number 21 of 2007 concerning the Eradication of Trafficking in Persons Article 1 paragraph (1), human trafficking is the act of recruiting, transporting, sheltering, sending, transferring or receiving a person with the threat of violence, use of violence, kidnapping, detention,  forgery, fraud, abuse of power or vulnerable position, debt entanglement or payment or benefit, This type of research is normative legal research, namely research that has the object of study on legal rules or rules. Legal protection for victims of human trafficking is very important, so various efforts are made so that they get the right to become useful human beings before returning to society. As well as efforts to empower economically and educationally so that victims are not trapped again in human trafficking. Adequate legal protection for victims of crime is not only a national issue, but also an international one, because this needs to receive serious attention, including victims of human trafficking. Victims of crime, who are basically the parties who suffer the most in a criminal act, do not receive as much protection as the law gives to criminals. As a result, after the perpetrator of the crime has been sentenced to criminal sanctions by the court, the victim's condition is not cared for.

The Srikandi group is a group of women who have concerns about the Prevention of Trafficking in Persons (TPPO). Therefore, the Kita Institute packages TPPO as a strengthening of the women's economy, namely by empowering the women of the Srikandi Group through training in making various chili sauces. This study aims to describe the implementation process, success, supporting factors and inhibiting factors. This study uses a qualitative approach with research subjects including Kita Institute managers, Srikandi Group Managers, and Srikandi Group Members. The data validity technique uses source triangulation with data analysis technique using data collection, reduction, presentation, and conclusion drawn. The results of the research that have been carried out show that 1) The process of implementing women's empowerment in the Srikandi Group consists of three stages. The first stage is awareness through socialization and motivation. Then, the ability transformation stage is to increase knowledge and skills in making various chili sauces. The last stage is capacity improvement, where the women of the Srikandi group have been able to produce various chili sauces independently. 2) Women's empowerment of the Srikandi group succeeded in producing a variety of quality chili sauce with a durability of two months and increasing income 3) Supporting factors for empowerment are the availability of human resources, natural resources, infrastructure, high motivation of participants, female participation, and work partners. Meanwhile, the factors that inhibit empowerment are difficulties in adjusting the time and lack of confidence of Srikandi group women to start their own business. Keywords: , , 

The Srikandi group is a group of women who have concerns about the Prevention of Trafficking in Persons (TPPO). Therefore, the Kita Institute packages TPPO as a strengthening of the women's economy, namely by empowering the women of the Srikandi Group through training in making various chili sauces. This study aims to describe the implementation process, success, supporting factors and inhibiting factors. This study uses a qualitative approach with research subjects including Kita Institute managers, Srikandi Group Managers, and Srikandi Group Members. The data validity technique uses source triangulation with data analysis technique using data collection, reduction, presentation, and conclusion drawn. The results of the research that have been carried out show that 1) The process of implementing women's empowerment in the Srikandi Group consists of three stages. The first stage is awareness through socialization and motivation. Then, the ability transformation stage is to increase knowledge and skills in making various chili sauces. The last stage is capacity improvement, where the women of the Srikandi group have been able to produce various chili sauces independently. 2) Women's empowerment of the Srikandi group succeeded in producing a variety of quality chili sauce with a durability of two months and increasing income 3) Supporting factors for empowerment are the availability of human resources, natural resources, infrastructure, high motivation of participants, female participation, and work partners. Meanwhile, the factors that inhibit empowerment are difficulties in adjusting the time and lack of confidence of Srikandi group women to start their own business.  

In recent years, news about human trafficking both domestically and across countries has increasingly been broadcast in print and electronic media. The rise in crimes that occur is caused by various factors that encourage perpetrators to commit crimes. Human trafficking is a practice of modern slavery that degrades dignity and can threaten the survival of the general public. The target or targets of this trading practice are usually people who earn low income and have low education. It is important to know that this crime can be committed individually or collectively. It is said to be joint if it is carried out in the name of a business entity and in the interests of the corporation based on the work relationship and work environment of the corporation. Corporations as legal subjects for the criminal act of trafficking in persons are regulated in Article 13 of Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 21 of 2007 concerning the Eradication of the Crime of Trafficking in Persons. The current obstacle is that the implementation or application of punitive sanctions against corporations is still not firm. This can be seen from the increasing number of cases where the perpetrator is a business entity or corporation. The method used in this research is a normative legal research method which examines legal materials such as books or articles that discuss human trafficking using secondary data for detailed analysis. qualitative. The aim of this research is to determine the factors that cause corporations to commit criminal acts of human trafficking in Indonesia and to find out how criminal sanctions are applied against corporations for criminal acts of human trafficking in Indonesia.

. This research investigates the involvement of the ASEAN Ministerial Meeting on Transnational Crime (AMMTC) in efforts to tackle human trafficking in the ASEAN region, with a focus on the role and concrete steps that have been taken in supporting the fight against human trafficking in Indonesia. Using a qualitative approach with literature study methods, data was collected from various literature sources including official ASEAN documents, research reports and academic articles. The research results show that human trafficking is one of the most serious transnational crime issues in the ASEAN region, with the main victims including vulnerable women and children. AMMTC plays a role in developing policies and legal frameworks to address human trafficking, as well as facilitating operational cooperation between law enforcement agencies of ASEAN member countries. Concrete steps taken by AMMTC include issuing the ASEAN Action Plan to Combat Transnational Crime, adopting implementation guidelines, and formulating ACTIP (ASEAN Convention Against Human Trafficking in Persons). Through these steps, ASEAN is demonstrating a strong commitment to confronting the issue of human trafficking and working with member countries to address the threat. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of the role of AMMTC in combating human trafficking in the ASEAN region and its relevance to efforts to combat human trafficking in Indonesia.

The purpose of this research is to analyze the efforts to prevent and handle the problem of human trafficking in review of kupang city regional regulation number 3 of 2019 concerning the prevention and handling of the problem of human trafficking. This research is an empirical juridical research method. The result of this research is that the Government and the Task Force on Human Trafficking have made various efforts in preventing and handling the problem of Human Trafficking in Kupang City by referring to Kupang City Regional Regulation Number 3 of 2019 and in the process of preventing and handling the problem of Human Trafficking in Kupang City there are several obstacles. The conclusion of this research is that the efforts to prevent and handle the problem of trafficking in persons carried out by the Kupang City Government and the Task Force for Trafficking in Persons have not been fully implemented in accordance with Kupang City Regional Regulation Number 3 of 2019, namely not implementing Administrative Control of Population Mutation and Migration, Control of Labor Placement, and Early Detection. Constraints experienced: a. Suboptimal Inter-Agency Coordination; b. Allocation of Meeting Time between Task Force Members is not optimal; c. Lack of Socialization at the Central and Regional Stakeholder Levels; d. Human Resources (HR) are Still Low. Inadequate Human Resources (HR); and e. Misuse of Technology and Information. The first suggestion is that the Kupang City Government and the Trafficking in Persons Task Force should implement activities to prevent and handle the problem of trafficking in persons in accordance with Kupang City Regional Regulation No. 3/2019 in full, namely by implementing activities to control the administration of population mutation and migration, control labor placement, and early detection. The second suggestion is that the Kupang City Government and the Human Trafficking Task Force should increase the number of inter-agency coordination meetings to unify the vision and mission of the Task Force in combating human trafficking.   

Judicial practice in dealing with cases of criminal acts of trafficking in persons in Decision No. 48/Pid. Sus/2021/PN Crb. and Decision No. 49/Pid. Sus/2021/PN Crb. As is known, the panel of judges delivered their decisions in two decisions of the Cirebon District Court, namely Decision Number 48/Pid.Sus/2021/PN. Cirebon and Decision No. 49/Pid.Sus/2021/PN. Cirebon, which show the lack of justice and legal protection for victims of human trafficking in Indonesia. In fact, Indonesia is a sovereign country that is obliged to protect its citizens by the Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia. Victims of the crime of trafficking in persons receive a form of legal protection not only in the form of criminal sanctions against the perpetrators of Law No. 21 of 2007, but must also receive protection, prevention, and eradication of means or forms of institutions for the crime of trafficking in persons.

Human trafficking is an organized crime that violates human rights relating to freedom, security and has the potential to use acts of violence against victims. This research uses empirical juridical research methods by examining a phenomenon that occurs in society associated with the applicable laws. The research was conducted to find out the law enforcement against the crime of trafficking in persons, the obstacles in the implementation of law enforcement, and how the police efforts as law enforcers who act to handle obstacles at the level of investigation and investigation. The results showed that law enforcement of trafficking in persons was dominated by trafficking in persons with sexual utilization and trafficking in Indonesian migrant workers. Case handling begins with a public report then submitted to the unit handling human trafficking cases for a series of investigations, investigations, and submission of files to the prosecutor's office. There are different methods in handling cases tailored to the needs of cases of trafficking in persons with sexual exploitation or exploitation and migrant workers. Based on the research, it is known that investigators find various obstacles caused by internal factors or the investigation process itself and external factors or from the community. Law enforcement is carried out with the aim of restoring the law itself so that evaluation is needed so that the handling of human trafficking crimes runs effectively.