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Stunting is a chronic nutritional problem that remains a major public health challenge in Indonesia, including in Ngombakan Village, Polokarto District, Sukoharjo Regency. Moringa leaves (Moringa oleifera Lam.) are known as a superfood plant with nutritional content far exceeding conventional food ingredients, including protein, vitamin A, calcium, potassium, iron, and vitamin C, making them highly potential as a functional food for stunting prevention. This community service activity aims to improve the knowledge of mothers at the Posyandu of Ngombakan Village about stunting and the benefits of moringa leaves, while also introducing the innovation of moringa leaf pudding as a nutritious supplementary food for toddlers. The activity was carried out from August 13 to September 6, 2024 through 6 meetings at the posyandu using lecture methods, leaflet distribution, and pudding-making demonstrations. The results showed a significant increase in mothers' knowledge about stunting and the nutritional content of moringa leaves, as well as positive enthusiasm from participants in accepting moringa leaf pudding as an affordable and nutritious supplementary food alternative for toddlers.

Background: Low immunization coverage and exclusive breastfeeding coverage are problems in various regions. This program is caused by a lack of maternal knowledge and family support. This problem increases the risk of infection, growth disorders, and impacts the health status of infants. Therefore, the IMASI MOVEMENT (Immunization and Exclusive Breastfeeding Movement) is needed to increase community knowledge and participation regarding infant and toddler health. Method: The methods used include interactive counseling, demonstrations of breastfeeding techniques according to the pink book (KIA), distribution of leaflets, and evaluation through pre-tests and post-tests. Evaluation was carried out on aspects of structure, process, results, and impact of the activity. Results: The results of the activity showed an increase in participants' knowledge scores by ?50–60% after education. Participant attendance reached ?85% of the target, and there was an increase in participation in integrated health post activities compared to the previous month. Discussion: The increase in knowledge scores in the post-test results compared to the pre-test indicates that the educational intervention is effective in increasing mothers' understanding of the benefits of exclusive breastfeeding and the importance of immunization. These findings indicate that community-based health education is an effective strategy to improve maternal health literacy and has the potential to increase the coverage of exclusive breastfeeding and complete basic immunization. Conclusion: This program has proven effective in increasing awareness and health behavior of mothers and toddlers as an effort to prevent stunting and infectious diseases.

Background: Stunting remains one of the public health problems that requires early prevention through health education and growth monitoring in children under five years old. Lack of parental knowledge regarding balanced nutrition, child feeding practices, hygiene, and routine physical examination can increase the risk of growth disorders in toddlers. Purpose: Physical examination in toddlers is important to identify early signs of growth and developmental problems, including body weight, height or length, nutritional status, and general physical condition. Method: This community service activity was conducted face-to-face using health education, discussion, and direct physical examination methods. The stages of activity included preparation, delivery of educational materials about stunting, physical examination of toddlers, recording the results, and providing simple counseling to parents. Results: The activity showed that mothers were enthusiastic in participating in counseling and toddler physical examination. Before the education was given, several mothers still had limited understanding about the causes, impacts, and prevention of stunting. After the activity, mothers began to understand the importance of balanced nutrition, routine weighing, height measurement, immunization, hygiene, and regular visits to posyandu or health facilities. Conclusion: Education about stunting and physical examination of toddlers can increase parental awareness regarding early prevention of growth disorders. This activity is useful in encouraging families to monitor toddler growth regularly and implement healthy childcare practices.

This Community Service (PKM) activity aims to improve the performance of Posyandu cadres in stunting prevention efforts in Kepudibener Village, Turi District, Lamongan Regency. The main problems faced by the community include low health literacy, suboptimal utilization of Posyandu, and limited capacity of cadres in providing health education. The implementation method uses a participatory and educational approach through the stages of observation, cadre training, health education, mentoring, and program evaluation. The results of the activity show an increase in the knowledge and skills of Posyandu cadres in monitoring child growth and development and nutrition education, increased community participation in Posyandu activities, and an increase in understanding of mothers of toddlers regarding stunting prevention. This program is also able to strengthen the role of cadres as agents of change in raising community awareness of the importance of family health. Thus, improving the performance of Posyandu cadres has proven effective in supporting community-based stunting prevention efforts. Sustainability of the program through ongoing training and mentoring is essential to maintain the positive impacts that have been achieved.

Complementary feeding plays a vital role in meeting the nutritional needs of infants and toddlers. However, food safety remains a concern, particularly for homemade commercial complementary foods. This study aimed to assess the microbiological quality and hygiene sanitation practices of homemade commercial complementary foods vendors in the service area of Karangandong Public Health Center, Gresik. A quantitative descriptive approach with a cross-sectional design was employed. Four homemade commercial complementary foods samples were collected from different vendors and tested for Total Plate Count (TPC) and Escherichia coli contamination. Observations and interviews were also conducted to evaluate the vendors' hygiene and sanitation practices. The results showed that three out of four homemade commercial complementary foods samples exceeded the maximum limit for microbial contamination (1 × 10² CFU/g). Two of the four samples tested positive for Escherichia coli contamination. The hygiene and sanitation practices of the vendors showed several non-conformities, categorized as minor, major, and critical. In conclusion, most homemade commercial MP-ASI products in this study did not meet established microbiological safety standards and reflected hygiene and sanitation practices that require improvement.

Stunting remains a major public health challenge in Indonesia, requiring systematic early detection and community-based interventions. This community service activity aimed to implement early stunting detection through parental health education and anthropometric measurements of children under five at Posyandu Pasir Putih, Kelurahan Baurung, Kecamatan Banggae Timur, Kabupaten Majene, West Sulawesi. A participatory approach was used, combining interactive health education sessions with standardized anthropometric screening (weight, height/length, mid-upper arm circumference, and head circumference) for 35 toddlers aged 0–59 months. Parental knowledge was assessed using pre-test and post-test questionnaires administered to 38 parents. Results showed a significant increase in parental knowledge, from a mean pre-test score of 52.4 (poor category) to 81.6 (good category) on post-test. Anthropometric assessment revealed that 13 out of 35 toddlers (37.1%) were identified as stunted (25.7% stunted; 11.4% severely stunted). All identified cases were referred to the local health center (Puskesmas) for specific nutritional interventions including supplementary feeding and intensive nutrition counseling. These findings indicate that integrated anthropometric screening combined with targeted parental education is an effective strategy for early stunting identification at the community level. Posyandu plays a crucial role as a platform for translating anthropometric data into meaningful risk communication and promoting sustained community engagement in child growth monitoring

World Health Organization (WHO) reports that immunization is able to prevent approximately 3–5 million deaths each year; however, a number of children still do not receive optimal immunization coverage due to insufficient parental knowledge. This study aimed to analyze the effect of health education on improving mothers’ knowledge regarding early childhood immunization in RW 04, Kertamaya Subdistrict, Bogor City, in 2026. This study employed a pre- experimental design with a one-group pretest–posttest approach involving 30 respondents. Knowledge levels were measured using a questionnaire before and after the health education intervention and analyzed using the Paired Sample T-Test. The results indicated a statistically significant difference in mothers’knowledge levels before and after the health education intervention (p = 0.029). In addition, the proportion of respondents with good knowledge increased from 76.7% in the pre-test to 93.3% in the post-test. These findings demonstrate that health education has a significant effect on improving mothers’ knowledge and can serve as an effective promotive intervention to support the success of community-level immunization programs.

Stunting remains a significant nutritional issue because it can impact a child's long-term growth and development. A history of low birth weight (LBW) is suspected to play a role, reflecting the condition of fetal growth during pregnancy. This study aimed to determine the relationship between a history of LBW and the incidence of stunting in children aged 2–5 years at the Bandarharjo Community Health Center in Semarang in 2025. This study used an analytical design with a case-control approach. The study sample consisted of 203 toddlers selected using consecutive sampling. Data were obtained from the KIA book and height measurements based on WHO standards. Analysis was performed using the Chi-Square test and Odds Ratio (OR) calculation. The proportion of LBW was 10.8% and stunting was 31.0%. There was a significant relationship between a history of LBW and the incidence of stunting (p = 0.012). Toddlers with a history of LBW had approximately a threefold greater risk of experiencing stunting compared to toddlers born with normal weight (OR = 3.059). There is a relationship between a history of low LBW and the incidence of stunting in toddlers aged 2-5 years at the Bandarharjo Community Health Center, Semarang in 2025.

Abstract. Stunting remains a major public health issue in Indonesia, necessitating health promotion and prevention efforts through health education. The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of leaflets in health promotion to prevent stunting in mothers with toddlers. The method used was a literature review with the PRISMA approach, by searching for articles in the Google Scholar, Garuda, PubMed, and Neliti databases using the keywords "stunting," "leaflet," "health promotion," and "health education." Of the 55 articles found, 16 met the inclusion criteria for analysis. The results of the analysis showed that the use of leaflets can improve mothers' understanding and attitudes regarding stunting prevention, including knowledge about balanced nutrition, exclusive breastfeeding, complementary feeding, and the First 1000 Days of Life (HPK). Leaflets were considered practical, easy to understand, and can be used repeatedly as a means of public health education. The conclusion of this study states that leaflets are effective for use in health promotion as a measure to prevent stunting in community nursing practice.

Abstract. Stunting remains a major public health issue in Indonesia, necessitating health promotion and prevention efforts through health education. The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of leaflets in health promotion to prevent stunting in mothers with toddlers. The method used was a literature review with the PRISMA approach, by searching for articles in the Google Scholar, Garuda, PubMed, and Neliti databases using the keywords "stunting," "leaflet," "health promotion," and "health education." Of the 55 articles found, 16 met the inclusion criteria for analysis. The results of the analysis showed that the use of leaflets can improve mothers' understanding and attitudes regarding stunting prevention, including knowledge about balanced nutrition, exclusive breastfeeding, complementary feeding, and the First 1000 Days of Life (HPK). Leaflets were considered practical, easy to understand, and can be used repeatedly as a means of public health education. The conclusion of this study states that leaflets are effective for use in health promotion as a measure to prevent stunting in community nursing practice.

Stunting is a major indicator of chronic nutritional problems that affect children’s growth and development. In Indonesia, stunting prevalence remains high and is a national public health concern. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between socio-demographic factors and stunting incidence among toddlers in the working area of the Tanoh Alas Health Center, Southeast Aceh Regency, in 2025. This study used an analytical quantitative design with a cross-sectional approach. The sample consisted of 93 mothers with children under five selected through simple random sampling. Data were collected using questionnaires and observation sheets from June 19 to July 3, 2025. Statistical analyses included Chi-Square and multiple logistic regression tests. The results showed that 33.3% of children were stunted, 34.4% had poor access to health services, and 68.8% lived in unhealthy housing conditions. Bivariate analysis indicated significant relationships between maternal age (p = 0.007), maternal education (p = 0.012), maternal occupation (p = 0.002), access to health services (p = 0.001), family income (p = 0.032), and healthy housing conditions (p = 0.007) with stunting incidence. Multivariate analysis revealed that access to health services was the strongest factor associated with stunting (p = 0.010; OR = 4.294; 95% CI: 1.411–13.06). Children with limited access to health services were 4.3 times more likely to experience stunting. The study recommends improving the accessibility and quality of maternal and child health services and strengthening multisectoral interventions and health education programs to prevent stunting.

Stunting is a major indicator of chronic nutritional problems that affect children’s growth and development. In Indonesia, stunting prevalence remains high and is a national public health concern. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between socio-demographic factors and stunting incidence among toddlers in the working area of the Tanoh Alas Health Center, Southeast Aceh Regency, in 2025. This study used an analytical quantitative design with a cross-sectional approach. The sample consisted of 93 mothers with children under five selected through simple random sampling. Data were collected using questionnaires and observation sheets from June 19 to July 3, 2025. Statistical analyses included Chi-Square and multiple logistic regression tests. The results showed that 33.3% of children were stunted, 34.4% had poor access to health services, and 68.8% lived in unhealthy housing conditions. Bivariate analysis indicated significant relationships between maternal age (p = 0.007), maternal education (p = 0.012), maternal occupation (p = 0.002), access to health services (p = 0.001), family income (p = 0.032), and healthy housing conditions (p = 0.007) with stunting incidence. Multivariate analysis revealed that access to health services was the strongest factor associated with stunting (p = 0.010; OR = 4.294; 95% CI: 1.411–13.06). Children with limited access to health services were 4.3 times more likely to experience stunting. The study recommends improving the accessibility and quality of maternal and child health services and strengthening multisectoral interventions and health education programs to prevent stunting.

Stunting is a condition of growth failure in toddlers due to chronic malnutrition characterized by height below the age standard. This study aims to analyze the dietary patterns of stunted toddlers in the Parigi Community Health Center, Muna Regency, in 2025. The study used a qualitative approach with a phenomenological design. Informants consisted of mothers who had stunted toddlers as key informants and Posyandu cadres as supporting informants selected by purposive sampling. Data collection was carried out through in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation, then analyzed through the stages of data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions with triangulation validity tests. The results showed that feeding practices for stunted toddlers were still not in accordance with recommendations. All informants had carried out Early Initiation of Breastfeeding (IMD), but exclusive breastfeeding was not optimal due to the perception of insufficient breast milk. Complementary breastfeeding (MP-ASI) tended to be given before the age of 6 months, influenced by the assumption that babies were hungry when they cried and cultural habits. The frequency of toddler meals was irregular, the type of food was dominated by porridge, and food variety was still limited. Consumption of animal side dishes, vegetables, and fruit was also not routinely provided. In conclusion, the dietary patterns of stunted toddlers in the study area do not meet the principles of balanced nutrition and are still influenced by family knowledge and habits. Therefore, increased education for mothers and families regarding appropriate feeding practices is needed to support optimal toddler growth and development.

Diarrhea remains a leading cause of mortality among toddlers in Indonesia, with a prevalence reaching 4,9%. In addition to pharmacological management through LINTAS DIARE, non-pharmacological therapies such as baby massage are increasingly being implemented as supportive interventions that families can perform to accelerate recovery. This study aims to examine the effectiveness of baby massage as a complementary therapy in reducing the frequency and intensity of diarrhea in toddlers. The method used involved identifying relevant articles from Google Scholar and Semantic Scholar databases using appropriate keywords. Based on the 6 articles obtained, baby massage significantly (p = 0,000) reduces the frequency and intensity of diarrhea through vagus nerve stimulation, which optimizes intestinal peristalsis and nutrient absorption. Beyond improving defecation patterns, this therapy is proven to significantly increase infant weight, accelerate motor development through central nervous system stimulation, and enhance sleep quality and comfort.

The provision of herbal-based complementary feeding (MP-ASI) has several positive impacts, including improving mothers’ understanding and skills in preparing complementary foods from local food ingredients in accordance with local customs and socio-cultural practices, thereby enabling mothers to independently continue providing local complementary feeding. This study aimed to determine the effect of training on the preparation of herbal-based complementary feeding for mothers of children under three years old on their knowledge and skills in preparing complementary feeding. This study employed a quasi-experimental research design and was conducted at Kanda Public Health Center. The population consisted of all mothers with children under three years old in the working area of Kanda Public Health Center, totaling 245 mothers. The sample size in this study was 35 respondents. The results of the analysis showed that there was a significant difference in mothers’ knowledge before and after the training on complementary feeding preparation, with a significance value of 0.000.

The case of medical malpractice involving a toddler in Bima has attracted public attention and raised the urgency of evaluating legal accountability mechanisms in healthcare. This study aims to analyze the law enforcement process and the forms of legal responsibility that can be imposed on medical personnel and healthcare institutions suspected of involvement. Using a normative juridical approach, this study examines relevant laws, doctrines, and legal literature, including provisions in the Medical Practice Law, the Health Law, the Hospital Law, and the Criminal Code. The results indicate that law enforcement in malpractice cases can be pursued through administrative, civil, and criminal channels, depending on the level of negligence and the resulting consequences. Medical personnel can be held personally liable for violations of professional standards, while healthcare institutions can be held accountable based on the principle of vicarious liability. This study concludes that the case in Bima underscores the importance of strengthening regulations, improving medical service standards, and ensuring transparency in law enforcement to protect patient rights, particularly children.

Poverty in Indonesia remains an unresolved social problem and poses a structural challenge to the government. Improving the quality of life of vulnerable communities requires deeper intervention. Therefore, to assist and improve the quality of life of vulnerable communities, the government has launched various assistance programs, one of which is the Family Hope Program (PKH). The Family Hope Program (PKH) is present not only to support the community's economy but also encourages behavioral changes in PKH beneficiaries, particularly in the context of children's education, maternal and toddler health, and protection for vulnerable groups. This program is implemented in various areas of Surabaya City, one of which is the Sidotopo Village, Semampir. In this area, there are still underprivileged groups. The PKH program has significantly assisted beneficiaries in the Sidotopo area in improving their socio-economic welfare. The purpose of this evaluation is to describe the implementation of PKH in terms of effectiveness, equity, targeting accuracy, and the impact of program implementation on beneficiaries in the Sidotopo area. This evaluation uses data collection techniques based on observations and interviews with PKH mentors and PKH beneficiaries in the Sidotopo Village, as well as documentation studies. Based on the research results, it is clear that the implementation of the Family Hope Program (PKH) in Sidotopo has been effective, equitable, and well-targeted in improving the welfare of its residents. This is evident in the decline in poverty rates and increased access to education and healthcare.

This study aims to determine the influence of service quality on the satisfaction of mothers with toddlers at Posyandu Melati Mekar RW 05, Margajaya Village, Ngamprah District, West Bandung Regency. The method used is a quantitative approach with data collected through questionnaires distributed to 70 respondents using a saturated sampling technique. The results showed that the service quality at Posyandu Melati Mekar was in the "very high" category with a score of 3,007 out of a maximum of 3,500, while the level of satisfaction among mothers was in the "high" category with a score of 2,900. The t test showed a t value of 9.592, which is greater than the t table value of 1.995, with a significance level of 0.001, indicating a significant influence of service quality on mother satisfaction. A correlation coefficient of 0.758 indicates a strong and positive relationship, while the determination coefficient of 57.5% shows that service quality greatly contributes to customer satisfaction. Thus, improving service quality can directly increase user satisfaction with posyandu services

Data on malnutrition in toddlers at the Amondo Health Center in 2023 were 47 toddlers, then in 2024 from early January to November, malnutrition data increased by 64 toddlers. This study aims to determine the Risk Factors for Malnutrition in Toddlers in the Working Area of ​​the Amondo Health Center, South Palangga District, South Konawe Regency in 2025. The design of this study is quantitative with a cross-sectional approach. The population of this study was all toddlers registered in the working area of ​​the Amondo Health Center, South Palangga District, South Konawe Regency in 2024 with a total of 966 people. The sampling used was Accidental Sampling. To obtain a representative sample, the selection of subjects from each stratum or certain region was determined in a balanced or comparable manner in each matched region. The sample size used was 91 respondents. The data were analyzed using the SPSS application with the Odds Ratio test. The OR test results obtained knowledge values ​​(OR = 1.08), eating habits (OR = 0.70), family income (OR = 1.10), carbohydrate intake (OR = 2.47), protein intake (OR = 0.91) and fat intake (OR = 1.30). The conclusion that maternal knowledge, children's eating habits, family income, and nutrient intake (carbohydrates, proteins and fats) in the past are risk factors for malnutrition. It is recommended that health workers always provide information about malnutrition to the community, carry out vegetable planting movements in the community, do not carelessly give food to toddlers, always consume and provide nutritious food for the family

Bronchopneumonia is a type of infection of the lower respiratory tract that often occurs in children, especially toddlers. This disease is characterized by inflammation of the bronchioles and lung tissue which triggers increased production of secretions in the airways. The buildup of secretions often causes nursing problems in the form of ineffective airway clearance, which is indicated by ineffective coughing, rapid breathing, shortness of breath, and the appearance of additional breath sounds such as rales. Chest physiotherapy in children was carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of the clapping technique in helping to clear the airway in bronchopneumonia patients. The method applied in evidence-based practice (EBP) uses case studies with a nursing care approach. Intervention was given to three patients with a diagnosis of bronchopneumonia for three days, with a duration of approximately 1-2 minutes in each area of ​​the chest. Evaluation is carried out using a stethoscope and measuring time (clock), with the results recorded on an observation sheet. After chest physiotherapy (clapping), the three patients showed improvement in airway clearance, which was indicated by respiratory frequency returning to normal, no additional breath sounds (ronchi), and reduced secretion production. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the application of EBP through chest physiotherapy is effective in increasing airway clearance in bronchopneumonia patients.