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Latar belakang: Bertambahnya usia menimbulkan dampak perubahan pada tubuh dan yang paling dirasakan adalah kemunduran pada fisik baik dari tulang maupun otot. Oleh karena itu banyak patologis yang muncul seiring bertambahnya usia, salah satunya yaitu Osteoarthritis (OA). Osteoarthritis (OA) adalah suatu penyakit yang disebabkan oleh perubahan yang bersifat patologis pada struktur sendi yang menimbulkan rasa nyeri pada penderitanya. Osteoarthritis (OA) sendiri terdiri dari 2 kelompok, yaitu OA primer dan sekunder. Oleh karena itu perlu adanya tindakan untuk membantu mengatasi permasalahan tersebut, salah satunya dengan pemberian program fisioterapi. Program fisioterapi yang dapat diberikan untuk mengurangi nyeri antara lain dengan menggunakan modalitas infrared radiationdan exercise therapy. Tujuan: Untuk mengedukasi serta memberikan intervensi fisioterapi komunitas pada Paguyuban Ibu-Ibu Graha Aisyiyah Bojonegoro. Metode: Kegiatan ini merupakan pengabdian masyarakat pada Paguyuban Ibu-Ibu Perumahan Graha Aisyiyah Bojonegoro yang dilaksanakan pada tanggal 10 Desember 2021. Hasil: Pada penelitian ini didapat bahwa pemberian modalitas infrared radiation, latihan strengthening quadriceps dapat mengurangi derajat nyeri dan juga edukasi menggunakan leaflet dapat memberikan informasi terkait dengan OA genu. Simpulan: Setelah diberikan intervensi fisioterapi komunitas berupa infrared radiation,  latihan strengthening quadriceps serta edukasi menggunakan leaflet didapatkan hasil adanya penurunan derajat nyeri serta peningkatan tingkat pengetahuan mengenai tentang OA genu dari mulai pengertian, penanganan, pencegahan dan latihan yang dapat dilakukan untuk mengurangi keluhan. Kata Kunci: Fisioterapi Komunitas; Osteoarthritis (OA) Genu

Background: Pharmacoecomics has been defined as the description and analysis of the costs of drug therapy to health care systems and society. Pharmacoeconomics research identifies, measure, and compares the costs and consequences of pharmaceutical product and service. Within this framework, research and methods related to cost-minimization, cost-effectiveness, quality-of-life and other humanistic assessments are include. In-essence, pharmacoeconomics analysis uses tools for examining the impact of alternative drug therapies and other medical interventions Based on this background, the author is interested to explain about the role of Pharmacoecomics on health service in pharmacist students at Bintang Persada School, Denpasar. Purpose: The purpose of this activity is as a form of implementation of Tri Dharma Stikes Bali Wisnu Dharma Denpasar. Methods: Participants who took part in this activity were 83 students using the pretest and posttest methods. Results: The results obtained were an increase in the pretest score (before being given education) which was 62.11% to 83.22% in the posttest result (after being given education). Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between posttest scores, which increases after education is held, so pharmacoeconomics education needs to be given and pharmaceutical products utilization in health service followed by cost utillity evaluation and cost effectiveness as well as impact evaluation of quality adjusted life years of patients.

Back pain during pregnancy peaks at week 24 to week 28, when abdominal enlargement reaches its maximum. Pregnancy and childbirth are natural processes that can cause pain. However, many women feel the pain more severely than they should because they are affected by panic and stress. This is known as the fear-tension-pain concept, where fear triggers tension or panic which causes muscles to stiffen and ultimately increases pain. Overcoming this discomfort requires non-conventional therapy, one of which is pregnant gymnastics. Based on this, the community service team conducted the implementation of pregnant exercises for third-trimester pregnant women with the aim that pregnant women can do pregnant exercises independently at home and reduce complaints of back pain they experience. This training method is carried out using lectures and demonstrations of pregnant exercises. Implementation was carried out 1x / once a week for 1 month at Puskesmas Lembang Lego Village, Lembang Kec. Lembang, Polman Regency in January 2021 which 20 pregnant women attended. The care method used is qualitative with case research (CSR) by collecting pre- test and post-test data with pain scale observation using Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) measurement. Physical training of pregnant women to prepare for their labor through pregnancy exercises is considered effective as a preventive measure for pregnant women in preparing for their labor. It can reduce the intensity of back pain in Trimester III pregnancy.

Menstrual pain caused by the release of excess prostaglandin causes the increasing contraction of the uterus, a common gynecology disorder in young women that can interfere with learning and social activity. Based on a preliminary study in the village of the gadung young women take pharmacological medicines and warm compresses to hold or reduce menstrual pain. The study to learn the aromatherapy of cinnamon on primary menstrual pain in young women in the village of gadung tangerang. This method of research USES quantitative with research design quasi nity, one group pre-existing and post-existing. The study conducted according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria amounts to 38 respondents and instrument of the observation sheet. That was done with Shapiro wilk and a statistic wilcoxon signed rank. Studies show 7 days of cinnamon aromatherapy intervention, a scale of pain reduced from 1.79 to 1. Wilcoxon signed rank test results of a significant influence between the scale of pain before and after an intervention on cinnamon aroma recipients in the village of gadung sand. Aroma of cinnamon therapy may be an alternative to reduce menstrual pain.

Background: Anxiety is a normal response in the face of stress which is characterized by feelings of fear accompanied by somatic signs. The patient's anxiety in the MRI examination arises because he knows he will receive medical treatment related to the use of radiation that will cause adverse effects that cause infertility or cancer. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of music therapy in reducing anxiety when undergoing an MRI examination. Method: The design of this study used a posttest only intervention group design. The study was conducted on 18 July – 12 August 2022 in the MRI Room of the Bali Mandara Hospital, Bali Province. The sample was 72 people who were divided into 2 intervention and control groups. The inclusion criteria of this study were patients with head first examination position, age above 18 years. Exclusion criteria were patients with decreased consciousness, hearing loss and weight above 150 kg. The research instrument used the MRI-AQ questionnaire, and the Mann Whitney statistical test. Result: The results showed that most of the respondents were 46-55 years old (33.3%), most of the MRI examinations were Lumbo sacral type (54.2%), and the level of anxiety was mostly mild (91.6%). The results of the normality test of data <0.05 so that the data is not normally distributed. The Mann Whitney test was conducted to determine the effect of music therapy and obtained p = 0.001 indicating there was a significant difference between the intervention group and the control group. Conslusion: The intervention of providing music therapy to patients undergoing MRI examination has an effect in reducing patient anxiety, especially in patients undergoing MRI examination. Music makes the examination more pleasant for the patient. Music causes positive changes in the environment and distracts from the examination, relaxing the patient.

Background: Lower back pain (NPB) Ischialgia is a pinched ischialgia nerve in the lower back area which causes the buttocks, thighs, lower legs and even feet to become tingling, painful, and sometimes causing weakness. Manipulation is a term to cover all forms of passive movement techniques used to treat musculoskeletal disorders. Manipulation techniques are passive movement techniques that are carried out quickly so that the movement is completed before the patient can prevent it. The movement that occurs should not exceed the physiological range of motion of the joint. G.D. Maitland (1997), The aim is to determine the effect of physiotherapy management on manual therapy in cases of lower back pain. Two group pre test and post test method. RESEARCH PLACE: Physiotherapy polyclinic, KRMT Wongsonegoro Hospital. TIME: Measuring instrument: Visual Analouge Scale (VAS). Results: treatment using the Mann-Whtney test. With confidence interval (CI) (95%) The results of the study revealed that there was a significant difference in pain in group 1 (p = 0.00) and group 2 (p = 0.00). But there was no significant difference between the two groups in pain improvement (p = 0.00), so there was a better effect between the two groups. Conclusion: It is concluded that manual therapy is useful in treating patients with lower back pain to reduce pain in two groups. The targeted outcome is publication in national indexed journals Sinta and HAKI. The TKT target for implementing this gamelan accompaniment exercise is level 2

Background: Lower back pain (NPB) Ischialgia is a pinched ischialgia nerve in the lower back area which causes the buttocks, thighs, lower legs and even feet to become tingling, painful, and sometimes causing weakness. Nerve mobilization is a manipulation technique by moving and stretching nerve tissue to increase axonal transportation so that it can improve nerve conduction. Nerve mobilization can reduce the pressure in the nerves so that there is an increase in blood flow to the nerves, which can have a regenerative and healing effect on injured nerves (Butler, 1991). Nerve mobilization is often used as a form of diagnosis and treatment for musculoskeletal conditions with nerve involvement (Butler, 1991). Nerve mobilization in the Lower Limb Tension Test (LLTT) is carried out at the branches of the Brachial plexus such as the radial nerve, median nerve and ulnar nerve. But here the author only discusses LLTT in the ishiadic nerve, namely LLTT 1 which is related to lower back pain. The aim is to determine physiotherapy management and the effect of Ultrasoundtherapy therapy and nerve mobilization using the LLTT 1 method in cases of lower back pain on reducing pain and increasing the functional ability of the hand. Two group pre test and post test method. RESEARCH PLACE: Physiotherapy clinic, RSU Sidoarjo. TIME: Measuring instrument: Visual Analouge Scale (VAS). Results: treatment using the Mann-Whtney test. With confidence interval (CI) (95%) The results of the study revealed that there was a significant difference in pain in group 1 (p = 0.00) and group 2 (p = 0.00). But there was no significant difference between the two groups in pain improvement (p = 0.152), so there was no better treatment between the two groups. Conclusion: It is concluded that ULTT is useful in treating CTS patients to reduce pain in two groups. The targeted outcomes are publications in national journals indexed by Sinta and HAKI. The TKT target for implementing this gamelan accompaniment exercise is level 2.

Almost all surgeries cause pain, the pain that is felt is the result of the incision. The effects of pain that do not subside are myocardial ischemia, increased morbidity, and hopelessness. One intervention to relieve postoperative pain is Spiritual Emosional Freedom Technique (SEFT). The purpose of this case study is to describe the reduction in pain scale of postoperative patients in Nusa Indah Room TK.III 04.06.02 Bhakti Wira Tamtama Semarang Hospital after SEFT intervention. This type of research is descriptive using a case study approach. The subjects in this study were 2 postoperative patients with criteria of moderate to high pain. Analysis of pain measurements using the Numerical Scale Branch scale. The analysis showed that there was a decrease in pain scale after the intervention. On subject 1 the pain scale 7 (high pain) became the pain scale 4 (moderate pain) and subject 2 the pain scale 8 (high pain) became the pain scale 4 (moderate pain). Effective SEFT therapy is used to reduce postoperative pain in the room because it is easy and simple. Good therapy is applied by nurses in the room to reduce the scale of pain in postoperative patients.

Schizophrenia is a mental disorder that can end in the loss of a person's life. In handling this disease because the soul is disturbed, it is needed therapy, rehabilitation and counseling. The greatest effort to deal with mental disorders lies in the family and community, in this case the best therapy is a form of family support in preventing the recurrence of schizophrenia. In people with schizophrenia, there can be physical aspects of increased blood pressure, increased pulse and breathing, anger, irritability, tantrums and can injure themselves. Changes in cognitive, physiological, affective, to behavioral and social functions to cause the risk of violent behavior. This KIAN aims to provide an overview of Mental Nursing Care for Schizophrenic Patients at Risk of Violent Behavior. Violent behavior is a response to stressors faced by a person, this response can cause harm to oneself, others, and the environment. The function of the strategy for implementing violent behavior is to control the emotions of the hallucinations experienced by the client.

Children are at risk of experiencing anxiety due to the Covid 19 pandemic. Children's anxiety due to the Covid-19 pandemic because there is a lot of unclear information circulating, feeling that this pandemic is not over so they can't go out, bored at home, lack of time to socialize and play with friends friends, and the stress of online learning. Giving play therapy is one of the nursing interventions that can reduce anxiety in children. This study uses quantitative research methods with a quasi-experimental research design with a pre-test and post-test design approach. The inclusion criteria set were children aged 8-11 years, experiencing mild-moderate anxiety, in good health. The intervention was carried out 4 times using the covid 19 educational game media. Observation of anxiety was carried out twice, namely before the intervention and after the intervention. The number of samples is 24 school children. The questionnaire used to measure the level of anxiety of preschool-aged children with the Spence Children's Anxiety Scale (SCAS). Analysis of the data in this study used a statistical test with a significance level of 0.05 using the sample paired T-test. The results of the statistical test show that there is a significant effect between the implementation of the covid 19 educational game and the anxiety of school-age children in the era of the covid 19 pandemic. The implementation of the covid 19 educational game is recommended in handling children's anxiety by involving the family.  

Background: Spinal anesthesia is a type of extensive nerve block by inserting a local anesthetic drug into the subarachnoid space at the lumbar level (Rehatta, 2019). This method produces anesthesia by blocking transmission, deactivating motor and sensory abilities, thus creating loss of pain sensation in the perineum. lower abdomen to lower extremities. Among the effects of spinal anesthesia that often occur, post-spinal anesthesia headache is a complication that often does not receive special attention. Due to the minor effects of spinal anesthesia. Management of headaches after spinal anesthesia, one of which is using non-pharmacological techniques with Head Up therapy, namely providing a 30 degree head elevation position with the aim of increasing blood flow to the brain in an effort to maximize oxygen flow to the brain which is believed to reduce the sensation of headaches. Objective: To analyze the effect of giving Head up therapy on headaches in post-operative patients with spinal anesthesia. Method: This research is a quantitative research using a type of experiment with a pre-experimental design, post-test control group design. Sampling technique: accidental sampling Population: The population of this study was 300 people. Sample: This study involved 76 respondents with a division of 38 respondents who were given Head Up therapy and 38 respondents who were not given Head Up therapy. Data analysis: Data were analyzed using the Mann Whitney test. The research instruments were Head Up SOP and Posttest Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) questionnaire. This research was carried out in February-April 2024 at Dr Hardjono Ponorogo Regional Hospital. Results: Based on research and after data analysis, the significance value (P value) in the Mann Whitney test was 0.001 (p>0.05). Conclusion: It was found that there was an effect of giving Head up therapy to post-operative patients with spinal anesthesia

Background: Dysmenorrhea is discomfort in the lower abdomen spreading to the waist which is often experienced by young women aged 12-18 years or even almost all women during menstruation, usually often felt before menstruation or during menstruation. Benson relaxation technique is one of the complementary therapies developed as a relaxation technique that is simple and easy to implement and is a combination of relaxation response techniques with individual belief systems or faith factors. Purpose : Knowing changes in the level of dysmenorrhea in adolescents before and after doing benson relaxation therapy. Method: this application with descriptive research methods and observing events or events that have occurred. Descriptive research is research conducted to describe or describe an event that occurs. Results: handling dysmenorrhea with benson relaxation therapy given for 2 days with 1 time a day for 15 minutes can affect the patient's level of dysmenorrhea so that there are changes in the patient's pain scale. Conclusion: Benson relaxation therapy can reduce the level of dysmenorrhea in adolescents who are experiencing menstrual pain.  

Nausea, vomiting is a normal symptom experienced by most pregnant women. This condition is common in early pregnancy, especially in the first week to the third month of pregnancy. Nausea and vomiting in pregnant women is often called morning sickness or can be called emesis gravidarum, but there are some pregnant women who experience nausea and vomiting anytime and anywhere, whether in the morning, afternoon or evening. This research uses a quasi-experimental research design with a One Group Pretest-Posttest Design research design. This research was conducted to determine the effectiveness of slow deep breathing therapy for pregnant women with emesis gravidarum. From the research results, the results showed that before slow deep breathing therapy was carried out, there was a mild level of nausea and vomiting, namely 16 respondents (53.30%). Meanwhile, those who had moderate levels of nausea and vomiting were 14 respondents (46.70%). Then, after being given slow deep breathing therapy, the majority of respondents had mild nausea and vomiting, namely 30 (100%). The pre-test and post-test show a significant relationship with the criteria for nausea and vomiting in pregnant women with a p value = 0 <0.05 N = 30, so it can be concluded that there is a significant effect of effectiveness between slow deep breathing therapy on nausea and vomiting in pregnant women in BPM. Puspitarini, A.Md. Keb, Glenmore District.

Adolescence is a period of transition or transition due to biological and psychological growth, development, and changes. Biological changes are marked by the growth and development of primary sex, while psychological changes are characterized by changes in attitudes, feelings, and emotions. This transitional period is dubbed a period full of storms and stress, because it causes emotional upheaval, anxiety, and discomfort because the teenager is required to adapt and accept all the changes that occur. The role of nurses that can be used is to provide complementary therapies, namely a combination of aromatherapy and music therapy in reducing anxiety during online learning. The method in this study is a quasi-experimental design with a pre-post test with control group. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling with a total of 60 respondents. The treatment was given in 4 sessions for 4 weeks. The treatment given is a combination of aromatherapy and music therapy. The measuring instrument used is the RCMAS anxiety instrument. The results of this study showed the effect of giving a combination of aromatherapy and music therapy on adolescent anxiety levels during online learning during the covid-19 pandemic (p <0.05). The results of the study are recommended to be able to reduce anxiety in adolescents during online learning during the covid-19 period.    

The elderly are at risk of experiencing cognitive function disorders due to the aging process. Wapuwan Puzzle (Wayang Punakawan) is a game therapy that was developed to improve cognitive function by carrying elements of the art of wayang punakawan characters that are popular with the elderly. The purpose of this study was to analyze the influence of the Wapuwan Puzzle on the cognitive function of the elderly. The design of this study was a quasi-experimental with a pre-post design with a control group. The research sample was 38 elderly people using the total sampling technique at the Posyandu Setya Manunggal III. Research instrument using MMSE. Data analysis using Mann Whitney. The results showed that the gender characteristics of the majority of the respondents were female, the average age of the respondents was in the range of 60-74 years, and the education of the respondents was on average not attending school and completing elementary school. The MMSE score of the elderly who received the Wapuwan Puzzle increased significantly than the elderly who did not receive the Wapuwan Puzzle. The results of the Mann Whiteney test obtained a significance value of 0.000 (P value < 0.05) so that it was concluded that there was an effect of the application of the Wapuwan Puzzle on the increase in cognitive function in the elderly at the Setyamanunggal Posyandu III Lempuyangan Hamlet.

Yoga can also stimulate the release of endorphin hormones, this hormone is produced by the body when relaxed/calm which functions as a natural sedative produced by the brain so that it can create a sense of comfort and increase endorphin levels in the body to reduce high blood pressure. Yoga is included in alternative forms of physical activity such as yoga exercise which can help achieve physical exercise levels so that the body becomes relaxed, this physical exercise is recommended for individuals, everyone including the elderly, teenagers and pregnant women can do yoga.    

Background: Stroke is a neurological disease that is often found and stroke management must be done quickly and appropriately. Stroke has various impacts, one of which is paralysis of the limbs or disability. Purpose : to analyze articles related to increasing motor strength in non-hemorrhagic stroke patients by gripping a rubber ball. The search strategy used two electronic databases, namely: Pubmed and Google Scholar and following the PRISMA (Preffered Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta Analysis) protocol with a publication range of 2012-2019, obtained 10 articles that matched the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Methods: systematic review is used in this research method by searching for article topics based on the database: Pubmed and Google Scholar according to the PRISMA diagram. The diagram includes identification, eligibility, screening, and determination of articles that enter the inclusion criteria. Furthermore, the articles that have been found will be reviewed systematically using the Joana Brigg Institute Check list (JBI). The search for articles for identification began in April-June 2020 with a range of 2012-2019 in each database. The three keywords used in the article search consisted of: motor strength, non-hemorrhagic stroke, gripping a rubber ball. Article searches are also performed by combining words using the AND keyword; OR. Results: the study showed that stroke patients with upper extremity weakness after gripping a rubber ball therapy will experience an increase in muscle strength when they do exercise frequently. Conclusion: rubber ball gripping exercise can be used as a nursing intervention in providing nursing care. Rubber ball gripping exercise is also a rehabilitation program that aims to make non-hemorrhagic stroke sufferers achieve the maximum possible functional ability and prevent complications and recurrent strokes. The exercise program must also be structured and focused on doing more repetitions of exercise 2 times a day for 8 days so that the exercises carried out can achieve the expected results, so that it can lead to an increase in muscle strength properly.

The combination of low-dose intrathecal morphine with spinal anesthesia provides an effective and safe postoperative analgesia effect and may enhance the analgesia effect of bupivacaine. At Vita Insani Hospital, almost all patients who will undergo S.C surgery are generally carried out with spinal anesthesia by an anesthesiologist with habitual drug use and the dose used is bupivacaine 0.5% hyperbaric 12.5 mg plus adjuvant morphine 0.2 mg. Seeing the phenomenon of this case, the researcher wanted to see how the description of the effect of giving bupivacaine 0.5% hyperbaric 12.5 mg plus adjuvant morphine 0.2 mg which is commonly used in spinal anesthesia on the duration of analgesia and pain response time that will be felt by patients after sectio caesarea surgery at RS Vita Insani. The research design used is a quantitative descriptive method with a cross sectional approach, with the method used in this research is a prospective descriptive conducted in the post-surgical treatment room (recovery room) Central Surgical Installation (IBS) Vita Insani Hospital from May 2021 to July 2021. This study only uses one group because it only describes the results of a condition. The number of samples as many as 63 samples with purposive sampling technique in accordance with the inclusion and exclusion criteria that have been determined The respondents felt the most pain starting at 3 hours of postoperative assessment with respondents who felt mild pain as many as 31 cases (49.2%) and at least respondents who felt severe pain as many as 5 cases (7.9% ). and pain increased at 4 hours postoperative assessment, namely moderate pain. However, it can also be seen at 0 to 2 hours of postoperative pain assessment that more respondents still do not feel pain. That the duration of analgesia began to decrease in the first hour and then the most significant postoperative pain was felt at 3 hours postoperatively. So that other pain management is needed to reduce the pain experienced by patients such as relaxation techniques, distraction and collaboration of pharmacological therapy in dealing with postoperative pain.

A common disease experienced by the elderly is hypertension. Cases of hypertension in Demak are quite high, one of them is in Mranggen village. This reality proves that many people still ignore hypertension. Because there are sufferers who feel no symptoms and there are symptoms such as headaches, weakness, fatigue, shortness of breath and blurred vision. If not treated immediately it will cause complications such as kidney failure, stroke, coronary heart disease and retinopathy. It is of course important to make efforts to control blood pressure. A combination of non-pharmacological management of deep breathing exercise and religious music is one of the efforts that can be made. The purpose of this study was to describe the administration of a combination of deep breathing exercise and religious music therapy to the blood pressure of elderly hypertensive patients. This research uses descriptive case study research with a nursing care process approach.The number of samples is 2 respondents, with the criteria of elderly clients who have hypertension, clients who do not take medication during hypertension in order to determine the effectiveness of the action, clients who can communicate well, and clients who are willing to be respondents. Deep breathing exercises and religious music are carried out once a day for 3 days in 1 week with a duration of 15 minutes. Blood pressure measurement using a sphygmomanometer and stethoscope. Blood pressure measurements were taken before and after the procedure. The results showed that the blood pressure of respondent 1 before and after being given deep breathing exercise therapy and religious music for 3 consecutive days with a duration of 15 minutes, the blood pressure on the first day before receiving therapy was 160/70 mmHg and after being given therapy for 3 days on the last day the blood pressure became 150/60 mm Hg. In respondent 2 before and after being given deep breathing exercise therapy and religious music for 3 consecutive days with a duration of 15 minutes the blood pressure on the first day before receiving therapy was 179/80 mmHg and after being given therapy for 3 days on the last day the blood pressure was 156/70 mmHg .

Application of generalist therapy in Schizophrenic Patients with Nursing Problems Hearing Hallucinations   Auditory hallucinations are hearing voices or noises that are less clear or clear, where sometimes these sounds are like talking to the patient and sometimes ordering the patient to do something. If auditory hallucinations cannot be controlled, it can result or impact injuring oneself, others and the environment. The purpose of this case study is to determine the implementation of generalist therapy in schizophrenia patients with auditory hallucinations nursing problems at the Avicenna Clinic Makassar. This scientific paper uses a case study method design with a nursing process approach consisting of assessment, diagnosis, intervention, implementation and evaluation of nursing. The data collection technique was carried out through interviews and observations at the Avicenna Clinic in Makassar which was carried out on 27-30 December 2021.