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This study aims to examine the existence of dayah as a traditional Islamic educational institution in Aceh in facing the challenges of modernization, as well as to analyze its history, curriculum, and the dynamics of educational transformation within it. This research employs a qualitative approach through library research by collecting data from various sources such as books, scientific journals, research articles, and documents relevant to the topic. The findings indicate that dayah is one of the oldest Islamic educational institutions in Aceh that developed since the early spread of Islam in the Indonesian archipelago and has played an important role in the dissemination of Islamic teachings, moral development, and the formation of social life within the community. The educational system in dayah focuses on the study of classical Islamic texts (kitab kuning) and Islamic sciences through traditional learning methods such as halaqah, religious book studies, and direct learning with teungku or Islamic scholars. Over time, dayah institutions have undergone various transformations through the integration of general subjects, curriculum reform, and improvements in educational management systems in order to remain relevant to modern societal needs. Modernization presents challenges for dayah, particularly in maintaining a balance between tradition and educational innovation. Nevertheless, dayah continues to preserve its Islamic identity while gradually adapting to contemporary developments. Therefore, dayah not only survives as a traditional educational institution but also develops into an adaptive and relevant Islamic educational institution that continues to play a significant role in shaping character and religious values in Acehnese society.

This study aims to examine and review the impact of language learning through text-based methods on the cognitive abilities of elementary school students. The research approach used is a qualitative study with the main instrument being the researcher, and supporting instruments including observation, interviews, and documentation of student learning outcomes at the elementary school level. Research data was obtained from various library sources, such as books, scientific articles, national and international journals, and other relevant scientific works related to text-based learning and student cognitive development. The results of the study indicate that the implementation of Indonesian language learning with text-based methods has a diverse impact on students. Differences in learning outcomes are not only influenced by the strategies and learning processes implemented by teachers, but are also closely related to students' cognitive abilities in understanding, interpreting, and processing information from Indonesian texts. Thus, text-based methods need to be adapted to the characteristics and levels of students' cognitive abilities so that learning objectives can be optimally achieved.

This study aims to identify and explain language errors in a scientific journal article entitled "Analysis of Language Errors in Expository Texts on the Digital Platform 'Ruangguru', August 2024 Edition as a Reading Resource for High School Students," published in the Semantik Journal, Issue 3, Number 4. The method applied in this study is descriptive qualitative using a literature study approach. For data collection, observation and recording techniques were used, while data analysis was carried out using the content analysis method. The findings of this study revealed 27 language errors divided into five categories, including 12 spelling errors (typos) (44.4%), 5 word choice errors (18.5%), 4 punctuation errors (14.8%), as well as ineffective sentence structure errors and errors in the bibliography (3 each) (11.1%). The causes of these errors include minimal editing process, inadequate understanding of PUEBI (Indonesian Standards for Ethics and Education), and inaccuracies from the author. This study shows that articles analyzing language errors still contain errors, so there is a need for improvements in the quality of editing by the author and the journal's editorial team.

Gluten-free flour-based cookie products face a major challenge in producing physicochemical and sensory characteristics equivalent to wheat-based products due to the absence of gluten as a structural component. One common approach to address this issue is the addition of hydrocolloids, such as glucomannan and xanthan gum. This study aims to systematically examine the effect of the ratio of glucomannan and xanthan gum on the texture characteristics, spreadability, and sensory properties of gluten-free flour-based chocolate cookies using the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method. The literature search process was carried out on several scientific databases using keywords related to gluten-free cookies, glucomannan, xanthan gum, texture, spreadability, and sensory properties. Selected articles were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, then analyzed and synthesized narratively with reference to the PRISMA guidelines. The results of the study indicate that xanthan gum tends to increase the hardness and structural stability of cookies, but can decrease spreadability and crispiness at high concentrations. Conversely, glucomannan plays a role in enhancing softness and mouthfeel through its high water-binding capacity, although it can potentially limit spreadability if used excessively. The combination of glucomannan and xanthan gum exhibits a synergistic effect in balancing textural characteristics and enhancing sensory acceptability. In conclusion, optimizing the ratio of glucomannan to xanthan gum is a key factor in developing gluten-free chocolate cookies with optimal physicochemical and sensory characteristics.

Background: Suboptimal breast milk production during the postpartum period remains a major barrier to successful exclusive breastfeeding. Various non-pharmacological interventions have been developed to address this issue, including oxytocin massage, which is believed to stimulate the release of the oxytocin hormone and facilitate milk ejection. However, findings regarding its effectiveness remain varied, highlighting the need for a comprehensive synthesis of scientific evidence. Objective: This study aims to review and synthesize evidence on the effectiveness of oxytocin massage in increasing breast milk production among postpartum mothers. Methods: A literature review with a narrative review approach was conducted using articles from Google Scholar, PubMed, and Garuda databases published between 2021 and 2025. Keywords included oxytocin massage, breast milk production, and postpartum mothers. Inclusion criteria were original research articles involving postpartum mothers receiving oxytocin massage interventions with full-text access. Article selection followed the PRISMA flow, resulting in 12 eligible studies analyzed narratively. Results: Most studies reported that oxytocin massage improves breast milk production and milk flow, indicated by increased milk volume, improved let-down reflex, higher breastfeeding frequency, and adequate infant intake. The effect is associated with parasympathetic stimulation that promotes oxytocin release and maternal relaxation. Conclusion: Oxytocin massage is a safe and practical complementary intervention to support breast milk production, although further studies with stronger experimental designs are needed.

This research is motivated by the importance of understanding the Heart Sutra within the framework of Humanistic Buddhism, especially for students of Buddhist religious education. The main problem lies in the limited understanding of the relevance of the Heart Sutra to humanistic values ​​in the context of modern life. This study aims to explain the relevance of the Heart Sutra teachings in building applicable spiritual, ethical, and social awareness. The method used is a literature study with a descriptive qualitative approach through text analysis and academic literature review. Data were obtained from primary sources in the form of translations of the Heart Sutra and secondary sources including journals, books, and scientific articles related to Humanistic Buddhism. The results of the study show that the teachings of sunyata (emptiness) in the Heart Sutra not only have profound philosophical meaning, but also provide practical implications in everyday life. The Heart Sutra is able to strengthen the philosophical foundation of Humanistic Buddhism, foster an attitude of compassion, wisdom, and tolerance, and serve as a relevant ethical guideline in facing the dynamics and challenges of modern society.

The challenges of modernity, including the secularization of knowledge, the fragmentation of values, and the increasingly pragmatic and utilitarian orientation of education, require a fundamental renewal of Islamic educational philosophy. In practice, Islamic education is often confined to normative and textualistic approaches that emphasize the transmission of doctrinal knowledge, which limits its responsiveness to social dynamics, scientific developments, and contemporary needs. This condition weakens the critical capacity of Islamic education in shaping individuals who are faithful, rational, and morally integrated. Accordingly, this study aims to examine Islamic educational philosophy from the perspective of critical thought reconstruction as an effort to address the challenges of modernity without shifting the fundamental principles of faith that serve as its normative foundation. This study employs a theoretical research approach through library research, using qualitative analysis of academic books, peer-reviewed journal articles, and relevant scholarly works on Islamic educational philosophy and critical thought. The analysis focuses on the ontological, epistemological, and axiological dimensions of Islamic education within the framework of critical reconstruction. The findings indicate that the reconstruction of Islamic educational philosophy is both an epistemological and practical necessity in responding to modern challenges. This reconstruction is not directed toward the domain of ʿaqīdah, which is qaṭʿī and normative in nature, but rather toward renewing modes of thinking, operational value systems, and educational practices. Consequently, Islamic education should function not merely at a normative level but as an effective instrument for individual and social transformation.

Set theory is one of the fundamental concepts underlying the structure of discrete mathematics and computer science and plays a crucial role in understanding various advanced topics, such as relations, functions, mathematical logic, and other discrete structures. This concept serves as the foundation for developing a systematic and structured mathematical mindset. This paper aims to explain the fundamental concepts of set theory, review its significance in discrete mathematics, and outline how to present sets and basic operations on sets, such as union, intersection, complement, and difference. The method used in this paper is a literature study by reviewing, collecting, reading, and analyzing data from various relevant written sources, both textbooks and scientific articles. Through this study, students are expected to be able to understand set theory more comprehensively. Thus, it can be concluded that set theory is not merely an introductory topic, but rather a formal framework that defines the validity of logic and structure in modern discrete systems.  

Premarital sexual behavior in adolescents is a public health issue influenced by various individual, social, and environmental factors. Changes in social norms, technological advancements, and limited reproductive health knowledge make adolescents a group vulnerable to risky sexual behavior. This study aims to examine the factors influencing premarital sexual behavior among adolescents based on the Health Belief Model (HBM) approach. The method used is a Systematic Literature Review (SLR), review national and international scientific articles published between 2013 and 2025. Data sources were abtained from Google Scholar and ScienceDirect, with inclusion criteria including articles in Indonesia and English, open access, full text, and relevant to HBM components. The study result indicate that factors such as perceived barriers, self-efficacy, and the quality of information play an important role in shaping adolescent sexual behavior. Low knowledge and limited perception oh the negative impacts of premarital sex increase the risk of engaging in risky sexual behavior. In addition, health promotion interventions based on the Health Belief Model (HBM) have been proven effective in improving knowledge, attitudes, and preventive behaviors regarding premarital sex among adolescents. Therefore, the HBM approach is recommended as a basis for developing comprehensive and sustainable adolescent reproductive health education and promotion programs.

Constructivism learning theory places learners as active subjects in constructing knowledge through learning experiences, social interactions, and reflection on their surroundings. This approach views learning not as a passive process of receiving information, but as an active process of constructing meaning based on the prior knowledge possessed by learners. This paper aims to comprehensively examine the development and definition of constructivist learning theory, its main principles and characteristics, and its implications in the learning process, particularly in the context of primary education. The writing method used is a literature study by analyzing various literature sources in the form of textbooks, scientific journal articles, and other relevant references related to constructivism theory. The results of the study show that constructivist learning emphasizes learner-centered learning, where knowledge is not transferred directly by the teacher but is constructed through a process of assimilation and accommodation. In this approach, teachers act as facilitators who design a conducive learning environment so that students are able to build understanding independently and through social interaction. The application of constructivist learning has been proven to encourage the development of critical thinking, problem solving, cooperation, and meaningful learning. Therefore, constructivist learning theory is relevant to be applied in modern learning as an effort to improve the quality of the learning process and outcomes of students.

Abortion remains a complex reproductive health issue due to the interplay of multiple interrelated determinants. This study aimed to map the factors influencing the incidence of abortion based on recent scientific evidence. A literature review design was applied by analyzing ten selected articles published within the last five years and retrieved from major scientific databases. The selection process was conducted systematically through title, abstract, and full-text screening based on predefined inclusion criteria. The extracted data included study characteristics, type of abortion, examined determinants, and key conclusions. The synthesized findings indicate that abortion incidence is shaped by a combination of biological, social, and healthcare system related factors. Clinical determinants such as maternal age, endocrine disorders, uterine anatomical abnormalities, obstetric history, anemia, and hypertension play a substantial role in spontaneous and recurrent miscarriage. In contrast, structural factors including income level, contraceptive access, and legal regulations predominantly influence induced abortion. The discussion highlights that abortion should not be viewed as an isolated clinical event, but rather as the cumulative outcome of risks operating across multiple levels of influence. In conclusion, abortion represents a multifactorial phenomenon that requires comprehensive prevention strategies extending beyond medical interventions alone. These strategies should also address healthcare accessibility and broader social conditions. This review contributes to a deeper understanding of the complexity of abortion determinants and provides an evidence-based reference for developing more effective preventive approaches in the future.

Learning Indonesian language and literature in elementary schools plays an important role in shaping students' character through the integration of literary works based on local culture. Lampung poetry as a representation of local wisdom contains educational values, such as religiosity, respect for parents, polite language, mutual cooperation, and environmental awareness. This study aims to describe the educational values ​​and local wisdom in Lampung poetry and their relevance to the character formation of elementary school students. The research method used is a literature review by analyzing references in the form of scientific articles, textbooks, Lampung poetry texts, and previous research results related to character education, regional literature, and local wisdom-based learning. The results of the study indicate that Lampung poetry is effective as a literary learning medium to instill character values, especially those in line with the dimensions of the Pancasila Student Profile, namely faith and piety, mutual cooperation, creativity, and global diversity. Practical implementation can be done through literary appreciation activities, reflective discussions on cultural values, and assignments to write poetry based on students' local experiences. The conclusion of this study confirms that systematically integrating Lampung poetry into Indonesian language learning has significant potential to strengthen students' character education while preserving local culture amidst the challenges of globalization.  

This study aims to analyze the contributions and controversies of Orientalist interpretation in the process of reforming modern Islamic thought, particularly in the Indonesian academic and intellectual context. This study uses library research methods by examining a number of scholarly articles and books discussing the influence of Orientalism on the study of interpretation and hadith. The results show that the Orientalist approach, through historical-critical, philological, and hermeneutical methods, has made a significant contribution to the expansion of a more contextual and rational interpretation methodology. This approach has encouraged the emergence of a new epistemological awareness among Muslim commentators and thinkers in examining sacred texts more scientifically and openly to modern realities. However, this study also uncovered a number of fundamental controversies. Orientalists are often seen as reducing sacred texts to mere historical artifacts and are considered to carry ideological biases and colonial missions that have the potential to shift the authenticity of revelation and local Islamic identity. Thus, the reform of modern Islamic thought ideally does not reject all Orientalist approaches, but rather carries out critical integration while maintaining a balance between scientific methodology and normative faith. The implications of this research emphasize the importance of developing a contextual interpretation of the Nusantara that utilizes the advantages of orientalist methodology without losing the roots of Islamic tradition.

Moral education is the main pillar in shaping the character of children who have integrity, empathy, and have high moral awareness, especially in terms of filial devotion to parents. In the midst of the advancement of the times and the rapid development of technology, children face great challenges in maintaining noble moral values. The unstoppable flow of digital information often presents content that is contrary to family and religious values. Therefore, moral education is present as a systematic effort to instill good values in a sustainable and contextual manner with the development of the times. This study uses a library research approach to explore the role of moral education in shaping the character of children who are devoted to their parents. Data sources are collected from scientific journals, textbooks, and current academic articles relevant to the theme. The results of the study show that the formation of filial character is greatly influenced by the example of parents and teachers, habituation of positive behaviors such as good manners, worship together, and affectionate communication. In addition, the integration of moral values in the school environment, explicit curriculum policy support for character education, and the wise use of digital media are important factors in supporting the success of moral education. Furthermore, strengthening the school culture and the active involvement of the community in internalizing moral values also strengthen the moral education process. This study concludes that moral education cannot run in isolation, but must be the result of synergy between family, school, and community. Thus, children not only grow up as intellectually intelligent individuals, but also have emotional and spiritual intelligence that reflects an attitude of respect and love for parents. Strong moral education from an early age is a long-term investment for the formation of a generation with noble character.

Black sticky rice tapai is a traditional Indonesian fermented food that has long been consumed by the public for its distinctive taste and high cultural value. However, with the increasing demand for functional foods and natural-based products that can support health, attention for black sticky rice tapai has shifted from being simply a traditional food to an object of scientific study in the nutraceutical field. Black sticky rice, the basic ingredient for tapai, contains important bioactive compounds such as anthocyanins, flavonoids, B-complex vitamins, and soluble fiber, which have been shown to play a role in lowering cholesterol levels, inhibiting LDL cholesterol oxidation, and increasing HDL cholesterol levels in the blood. The fermentation process further enhances the biological activity of these compounds, making black sticky rice tapai have a higher therapeutic value than ordinary black sticky rice. The purpose of this study was to examine the potential of black sticky rice tapai as a natural, tradition-based solution for lowering cholesterol levels, while also supporting the development of local foods into modern health products that are safe, effective, and affordable. The study was conducted using a descriptive literature review method of various scientific articles, textbooks, and relevant research results that discuss the nutritional content of black sticky rice, the benefits of fermentation, and the effect of active components on lipid metabolism. The study results show that regular consumption of black glutinous rice tapai has the potential to lower total and LDL cholesterol levels and increase HDL through a combination of antioxidant effects, cholesterol binding by fiber, and increased fat excretion. In addition, the potential of black glutinous rice tapai as a nutraceutical is also relevant in supporting the preservation of local-based culture and food independence.

This study aims to understand how learning about rainbows can improve elementary school students' understanding of basic science concepts, particularly regarding the refraction of light and the color spectrum. The concept of rainbows is an important part of Natural Science (IPA) lessons because it involves optical phenomena that can be directly observed and related to students' daily experiences. In this study, the method used is a literature study, namely by collecting, reviewing, and analyzing various relevant library sources, such as scientific articles, textbooks, and educational journals that discuss the topic of science learning and the rainbow phenomenon. The results of this study indicate that learning about rainbows can be done through various interactive and fun approaches, such as through practical experiments using prisms, water droplets, or other simple media that can demonstrate the process of refraction of white light into a color spectrum. In addition, the use of visual media such as images, animated videos, and digital simulations has also proven effective in helping students understand the process of rainbow formation more concretely. Creative activities such as drawing rainbows, making color models, or role-playing as light and water droplets can also increase active student participation and make learning more enjoyable. This study also emphasizes the importance of integrating rainbow learning into the elementary school science curriculum systematically and contextually. Rainbow materials not only introduce scientific concepts in a fun way, but also develop critical thinking, observation, and experimental skills in children. With the right approach, this learning can foster students' interest in science from an early age. Therefore, the results of this study are expected to contribute positively to the development of more effective, creative, and developmentally appropriate science learning methods for elementary school students.

Dental caries is a dental tissue disease characterized by tissue damage, starting from the surface of the tooth (grooves, fissures, and interproximal areas) extending towards (Braurer). Cariogenic foods are foods that can cause dental caries. The nature of cariogenic foods is that they contain lots of carbohydrates, are sticky and break down easily in the mouth. The purpose of this article is to determine the effect of food type, food frequency, and amount of food on the incidence of dental caries. The research method used was a literature review of various current scientific literature, including journals, textbooks and research articles. According to the results of research conducted by Febrian, et al., (2015), it shows that there is a significant relationship between types of cariogenic snacks and the incidence of caries. There is an influence of food frequency on the occurrence of dental caries in children. The amount of food consumed by a person or group of people at a certain time can trigger bacteria in the oral cavity to produce acid, causing the pH of saliva to decrease and demineralization to occur which will last for 30 to 40 minutes after eating.

Growth hormone (GH) is a peptide hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary gland, playing a vital role in regulating body growth and energy metabolism. This article explores the role of GH in supporting linear growth through the stimulation of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), its influence on lipid, protein, and carbohydrate metabolism, and the clinical implications of GH production disorders, including dwarfism, gigantism, and acromegaly. The research method employed is a literature review from various recent scientific sources, including journals, textbooks, and research articles. The findings indicate that GH functions to enhance lipolysis, protein synthesis, and maintain blood glucose levels, making it a key hormone in metabolic regulation. Moreover, GH production abnormalities can lead to long-term health issues, such as obesity, insulin resistance, and other metabolic complications. A deeper understanding of GH mechanisms opens opportunities for the development of hormone-based therapies to manage these disorders.

Approximately 40% of pregnant women worldwide experience anemia. Anemia during pregnancy can cause various serious complications, including premature birth, low birth weight, and even increase the risk of maternal and infant death. Complementary therapy can be an alternative for preventing and treating anemia in pregnant women. This study aims to review research articles related to complementary therapy that can be used to treat anemia in pregnant women. Literature searches through academic databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed and ScienceDirect. Literature selection was carried out based on inclusion criteria (scientific articles in the last 5 years, English/Indonesian, relevant topics) and exclusion (irrelevant articles, no abstract/full-text). Interventions such as acupuncture, yoga, traditional herbs, moringa leaves, spinach and beetroot juice can be safe and natural solutions to increase hemoglobin levels. The selection of the appropriate method can be adjusted according to individual preferences, accessibility, and the level of anemia experienced.  

Around 50-90% of women in the world experience dysmenorrhea. The prevalence of dysmenorrhea in Indonesia is reported to reach 64.25%, where 54.89%. Complementary therapy is an alternative to overcome dysmenorrhea because it is considered more natural and has minimal side effects. This study aims to review research articles related to complementary therapies that can be used to overcome dysmenorrhea. literature search through academic databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed and ScienceDirect. Literature selection is carried out based on inclusion criteria (scientific articles in the last 5 years, English/Indonesian, relevant topics) and exclusion (irrelevant articles, no abstract/full-text). Interventions such as physical therapy (yoga and stretching), compress therapy, aromatherapy, acupressure, reflexology, and consumption of natural ingredients provide safe and natural solutions to reduce pain intensity. The selection of the appropriate method can be adjusted according to individual preferences, accessibility, and the severity of the pain experienced.