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From the beginning of creation, God had forbidden the fruit of the knowledge of good and evil, warning that anyone who ate it would face death. However, this warning was ignored when Eve, tempted by Satan's persuasion, chose to disobey God's command. This action led to sin, as it reflected a wrong decision and went against God's will. Originally, Adam and Eve lived in a state of holiness and freedom from sin. God Himself stated that humans were created in His image and likeness, meaning they possessed a purity and nobility that reflected His love. However, their decision to eat the forbidden fruit removed that purity. As a result, humans were separated from God's holiness and fell into sin. This is the basis for the teaching affirmed in Romans 3:23, which states that "all have sinned and fall short of the glory of God." This wrong choice had profound consequences, illustrating the importance of obedience to God's commands for maintaining purity and an intimate relationship with Him.

This journal was written with the aim of discussing Paul's theology of God's salvation, monergism and synergism. Reviewing Paul's theology of God's true salvation will lead people to a fundamental understanding and strengthen one's hold on being a Christian. There is an understanding that salvation is a human effort and God's work (Synerism). Basically, salvation is the work of God in freeing man from sin. For by the grace of God salvation is wrought, that is, by the sacrifice and redemption of His Only Begotten Son, Jesus Christ. So through this writing, man must hold fast that salvation is a gift from God, not a human effort. This writing method uses a qualitative method through library search, through text sources, such as academic journals, books, papers, and other related literature available in the library.

This study is motivated by the importance of prayer and fasting practices in the Christian tradition, which are increasingly marginalized in the midst of modern secularism and individualism. The purpose of this study is to analyze the concept of prayer and fasting based on the principles in the Book of Esther and to examine its implications for the formation of contemporary Christian spirituality. This research employs a literature review method by examining biblical texts and contemporary theological literature to identify the characteristics of prayer and fasting that are pleasing to God. The results of the study indicate that the practice of prayer and fasting in the Book of Esther is not merely ritualistic, but an expression of faith, self-denial, and communal solidarity that leads to personal transformation and strengthened social sensitivity. The implication of this study is that the principles of prayer and fasting in the Book of Esther can serve as a model for the spiritual formation of the modern church, fostering intimacy with God and a commitment to addressing surrounding social issues. These findings contribute to the development of practical theology and contemporary Christian spirituality studies.

This study investigates Paul's theological views regarding the concepts of salvation and redemption in the context of the New Testament. The primary focus is an exploration of the transformative theology underlying Paul's teachings and its impact on Christian spiritual beliefs and practices. Through analysis of Paul's writings, this research aims to open a deeper understanding of how Paul's concepts of salvation and redemption provide the basis for inner and moral change.

This article explores Paul's theology, focusing on inner transformation in the context of the Christian life. A literature review and analysis of Paul's key verses is used to reimagine the concepts of salvation, life in the Spirit, and new identity in Christ. Through an explorative approach, this journal explores Paul's transformative and practical theology. Two case studies illustrate the concrete impact of Paul's theology in the lives of individuals and church communities. Key conclusions include salvation as a foundation for transformation, moral and practical realization, and the importance of personal experience with Christ. The results of this research open a new understanding of the application of Paul's theology in the daily lives of Christians, contributing to the learning and application of theological concepts in daily spiritual practice.

In the context of the existence and function of the church, as well as within the scope of the clergy's duties, the question of ethical and pastoral legitimacy for a pastor to own and manage a business or venture that provides additional income outside the church institution continues to be the subject of ongoing discussion. There are views that are skeptical of this practice, arguing that the position of clergy as business owners can give rise to potential conflicts of interest, where business decisions and activities can potentially conflict with the principles and doctrines of the religion they adhere to. In order to explore this issue further, researchers are interested in conducting a biblical study, with a special focus on Pauline narratives related to this topic. The methodological approach adopted in this research is qualitative, with data collection carried out through extensive literature analysis. The findings of this research indicate that Paul does not seem to oppose the concept of bi-vocationalism. In contrast, the practice of clergy holding secular jobs in addition to their ministry duties may be considered a viable strategy, especially for smaller churches, as a means of supporting the continuity of their ministry.

Paul was a figure who initially hated Christianity, in fact Paul was ethically and morally a criminal based on religion. In fact he was a religious figure from the Jewish religion but he killed people who followed Jesus. However, behind Paul's crimes, before he converted, he experienced a personal encounter that changed his life completely. Paul experienced a very, very radical life transformation because at first he really wanted to destroy the people who followed Jesus, but instead he risked his own life to educate his life in preaching the Gospel of Jesus Christ. The author uses literature-based research methods sourced from books and several journals, thereby helping the author to analyze the life of the apostle Paul and the life of theology students in the dormitory. Every theology student must experience a life transformation, because there are many young people who lived their past lives from different backgrounds or were not morally good, but on campus theology must change. So the author also believes that there are many theology students who struggle with ethics, generally theology students have a background far from the church but instead become servants of God. Formed in dormitory life and disciplined in life spiritually and morally.

This article examines the Apostle Paul's views on religious moderation, revealed through an analysis of his letters in the New Testament. Paul had main goals, including building unity in diversity, teaching attitudes of love and forgiveness, advancing the principles of faith as a connector, encouraging attitudes of tolerance, and spreading the teachings of Christ inclusively. This article explains how Paul guides the Christian community to live in harmony, respect, and embrace diversity in the Christian faith.

Surat Paulus kepada jemaat di Roma merupakan surat yang paling unik diantara surat-surat lainnya. Dari keunikan itu bermunculan polemik tentang pokok-pokok pengajaran yang ditulisnya kepada jemaat di Roma menjadi tema yang muktahir diantaranya ialah ‘kebenaran Allah, kebaikan Allah, kedaulatan Allah, kasih karunia (anugerah) Allah, dan hukum Allah.’ Kristus Yesus menjadi sentral pemberitaan merupakan kekuatan Injil tidak terbantahkan oleh siapapun. Kematian Kristus adalah alasan kuat dalam pemberitaannya sekalipun mereka sudah percaya baik dari golongan Yahudi maupun Yunani atau orang bersunat dan tidak bersunat bahkan hukum Taurat tidak dapat diperbandingkan dengan kematian Kristus yang memberi jaminan keselamatan hidup yang kekal. Tujuan penelitian ini ialah dibenarkan, diperdamaikan dan dimerdekakan oleh kematian Kristus Roma 5-8 karena inti berita yang khas sebagai dogma teologi bagi orang yang percaya kepada-Nya. Metodologi penelitian yang digunakan ialah metodologi kualitatif dan analisis deskriptif serta pendekatan kepustakaan. Hasil penelitian ialah menarasikan tentang praktik apologetika karena diperhadapkan pada permasalahan pokok pengajaran iman kepada Yesus Kristus, melainkan umat manusia harus menyadari bahwa Kristus yang diutus oleh Bapa ke dalam  dunia untuk menyelamatkan orang berdosa sebab hanya Allah saja yang dapat menyelamatkan umat-Nya bukan manusia mencari keselamatan dengan berbagai cara yang ditempuhnya.    

Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu tentang teologi Paulus tentang makna salib. Paulus adalah satu-satunya penulis dalam Perjanjian Baru yang berulang kali menyebutkan salib dalam 1 Korintus 1:17-18; Galatia 5:11; Galatia 6:12, 14; Efesus 2:16; Filipi 2:8; Filipi 3:18 dan Kolose 1 :20; Kolose 2:14. Paulus berdasarkan 1 Korintus 1:23; 3:3,8; 1:23; 3:3,8; 2 Korintus 13:4 dan Galatia 2:20 juga berbicara tentang kematian Kristus. Bagi rasul Paulus, salib adalah yang terpenting karena itu adalah inti dari pesan Injil. Maka tujuan dari artikel ini adalah untuk mengetahui makna salib yang sebenarnya berdasarkan teologi rasul Paulus, dan bagaimana orang Kristen saat ini memaknai salib Kristus. Kajian ini dapat memberikan kepada seluruh umat Kristiani ajaran tentang makna salib yang sebenarnya berdasarkan pemahaman teologis rasul Paulus. Adapun Metode penelitian yang digunakan oleh penulis dalam penulisan ini adalah metode penelitian kualitatif melalui penelitian teologis. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah orang Kristen akan memahami makna salib dari perspektif teologi Paulus.

Pernikahan telah dirancang oleh Allah sendiri dengan tujuan kebaikan manusia. Dalam keluarga Kristen, pernikahan adalah sesuatu yang sangat penting. Hal ini telah diamanatkan Allah kepada manusia sejak semula “Beranak cuculah dan bertambah banyak; penuhilah bumi …” (Kejadian 1:28). Pernikahan dianugerahkan agar suami dan istri dapat saling meneguhkan, dengan hidup bersama dengan setia dalam kekurangan dan kelimpahan, dalam suka dan duka. Pasangan suami-istri dapat saling mengenal dalam kasih, dan melalui kesenangan persatuan tubuh dapat meneguhkan persatuan hati dan hidupnya. Karena pernikahan adalah salah satu mandat dari Allah, manusia patut menjaga kekudusan pernikahan. Dengan demikian, kehidupan pernikahan akan menjadi harmonis dengan dasar Takut akan Allah. Namun, telah banyak pernikahan Kristen yang berujung pada perceraian. Pandangan tentang berkat yang terkait dengan pernikahan alkitabiah semakin susut. Padahal, pernikahan merupakan suatu perjanjian sakral. Karena itu, menjadi permasalahan dalam tulisan ini ialah bagaimana teologi Paulus mengenai pernikahan ditinjau dari kitab 1 Korintus 7. Metode penelitian yang digunakan ialah kualitatif, melalui studi kepustakaan dengan tujuan bahwa pasangan suami-istri mengerti makna, tujuan, dan dasar yang menjadi keteguhan sebuah pernikahan yakni teladan kasih Kristus, yang sekaligus menjadi hasil dari pembahasan ini.