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Social Studies (IPS) learning at the elementary school level plays a strategic role in shaping students’ understanding of social, cultural, and economic life, as well as national values. This study aims to analyze the differences between the 2013 Curriculum and the Merdeka Curriculum in IPS learning, including planning, implementation, the use of methods and media, and the assessment of learning outcomes. The research employed a descriptive qualitative approach with a case study, collecting data from curriculum documents, lesson plans (RPP), syllabi, classroom observations, interviews with teachers and school principals, and student questionnaires. The results indicate that the 2013 Curriculum provides a clear learning structure, detailed lesson plans, and systematic material organization that facilitates teachers, but it is less flexible and less contextualized for students. In contrast, the Merdeka Curriculum emphasizes flexibility, relevance of content to the local context, innovative methods such as project-based learning and blended learning, as well as holistic assessment focusing on critical thinking skills, social literacy, and student character. The implementation of the Merdeka Curriculum can enhance students’ learning interest, active participation, understanding of social concepts, and social awareness; however, its effectiveness depends on teacher readiness, school support, facilities, and consistency in assessment. These findings suggest that selecting an appropriate IPS curriculum should consider a balance between structure and flexibility, content relevance, teacher competence, and supporting facilities.

Early childhood education is a fundamental phase in the formation of children's character, literacy skills, and social skills. However, children's basic literacy skills in various regions of Indonesia, including Aisyiyah 2 Aimas Kindergarten, Southwest Papua, are still relatively low, exacerbated by limited learning media, conventional teaching approaches, and teachers' lack of understanding of inclusive education and positive discipline. This study aims to analyze the implementation of basic literacy training with inclusive education and its impact on improving teacher competence. The method used is a one group pretest in the context of community service, involving six teachers as subjects. The program is carried out through three stages: pre-training (observation, interview, and pretest), training (literacy materials based on the DUBT model—Listen, Speak, Read, Write; inclusive education; and positive discipline), and post-training (posttest, classroom observation, reflection, and mentoring). The results showed a significant increase in teacher competence, as shown by the increase in the average pretest score from 57.5 to 84.8 in the posttest. In addition, 83% of teachers are able to implement literacy practices such as reading picture stories, letter cards, reading corners, and dialogue interactions with children. Teachers also began to show acceptance of children's diversity and applied positive discipline without punishment. These findings show that inclusion-based literacy training is effective in improving teachers' pedagogical knowledge and practices. This research emphasizes the importance of developing adaptive, humanist, and equitable literacy as the foundation of early childhood learning.

Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) is a pedagogical approach that links the learning material to students' everyday life, making the learning process more meaningful and easier to understand. The aim of this literature review is to identify the effectiveness of context-based teaching materials in enhancing students' conceptual understanding, motivation, and learning outcomes in elementary schools. Studies focusing on the development of teaching materials, interactive modules, contextual worksheets, and e-modules were analyzed in depth. The findings show that the contextual approach consistently enhances student engagement, conceptual understanding, and critical thinking skills. However, several challenges need to be addressed, such as limited resources, lack of teacher competence, and the scarcity of relevant local learning resources. This article provides strategic recommendations related to the development and implementation of more effective and sustainable context-based teaching materials, taking into account resource availability and the improvement of teacher competencies to ensure the success of contextual learning in elementary schools.

The rapid development of digital technology requires teachers to possess competencies that are relevant to modern learning needs. This necessity underlies the focus of this community service program, namely transforming teacher competencies through character-based learning innovation supported by Artificial Intelligence (AI). The program was conducted at Madrasah Tsanawiyah Nurul Huda Muaro Jambi with the aim of strengthening teachers’ skills in utilizing AI as a tool to support interactive learning while instilling character values in students. The method included socialization, training, and direct mentoring in the practical application of AI-based learning media in the classroom. The results showed significant improvements in teachers’ ability to design technology-based learning materials, a better understanding of integrating character education, and increased motivation to innovate. Furthermore, the program fostered a more engaging learning atmosphere aligned with the needs of the digital generation. Therefore, the transformation of teacher competencies through AI not only enhances teacher professionalism but also plays a crucial role in shaping students with strong character amid technological advancement.

This article discusses the role of Special Assistant Teachers (GPK) in creating an effective inclusive classroom, where all students, including children with special needs, can participate optimally in the learning process. GPK plays the role of facilitators, mediators, and regular teacher partners in accommodating diverse learning needs. This role is realized through individual needs assessments, adjustment of learning strategies, modification of teaching materials, and provision of academic and social-emotional support to students. The results of the study show that the success of inclusive education is greatly influenced by GPK's professional competence, especially in understanding the characteristics of children with special needs and implementing differentiatory learning. In addition, effective collaboration between GPK and regular teachers is a key factor in creating an inclusive and non-discriminatory learning environment. Institutional support, such as inclusive school policies, the availability of infrastructure, and the support of school leaders, also play an important role. This article emphasizes the need for sustainable professional development, clear division of duties, and supportive education policies to strengthen GPK's role in promoting inclusive education equity in Indonesia.

Early Childhood Education (PAUD) honorary teachers in West Sumatra face serious welfare challenges, with incomes far below the Provincial Minimum Wage (UMP). This condition affects work motivation, limits access to professional development, and reduces the quality of early childhood education services. This study aims to analyze the current welfare conditions of PAUD honorary teachers, identify the factors contributing to low welfare, and offer strategic solutions involving the government, PAUD institutions, the community, and the teachers themselves. This research employed a literature review method by examining scientific journals, educational department reports, statistical data, government regulations, and supporting theories such as Human Capital and Work Motivation. The findings indicate that low welfare is caused by limited regional government budgets, reliance on parental fees, weak legal status of PAUD teachers, limited certification opportunities, and insufficient CSR and community support. Recommended solutions include increasing government funding, expanding ASN/PPPK recruitment opportunities, strengthening institutional management, collaborating with private sectors, and enhancing teacher competence through continuous training. In conclusion, improving the welfare of PAUD teachers is an urgent step to strengthen the quality of early childhood education services and support the achievement of national education goals from an early age.

This study aims to analyze the implementation of inclusive learning in Islamic Religious Education (PAI) in eighth grade students of SMP Negeri 1 Boyan Tanjung and its impact on students' understanding and application of religious values. The main focus of the study includes the strategies, methods, and approaches used by teachers, the challenges faced in their implementation, and solutions that can be applied to improve the effectiveness of inclusive learning. The research approach used was qualitative with descriptive methods. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, direct observation, and document analysis. The research subjects consisted of PAI teachers, eighth grade students, and the principal. Data were analyzed using data reduction techniques, data presentation, and interactive conclusion drawing. The results showed that inclusive learning strategies were implemented through differentiation, discussion methods, project-based learning, and a values-based approach. This implementation contributed positively to improving students' understanding of Islamic teachings and the application of religious values in everyday life. However, several obstacles were still encountered, such as limited facilities, lack of teacher training, and diversity of student abilities. This study concluded that the success of inclusive learning in PAI is highly dependent on the support of various parties, including improving teacher competence, providing adequate facilities, and the active role of schools and parents in creating an inclusive learning environment.

The role of human resources for teachers (educators) in technological progress in the era of the Industrial Revolution 5.0 makes the world of education the most important part of changing the nation's civilization, because it is the implementer of the success of the learning process in the classroom. The government's policy on independent learning hopes to have a positive impact through various activities to grow and improve a culture of literacy, competence and character. Therefore, this service provides a form of service through the socialization of the school literacy movement in independent curriculum learning at SMP Muhammadiyah 01 Jember. The results of this service have provided an understanding of the importance of carrying out a massive school literacy movement by providing access to reading and providing facilities to students. This activity has strengthened the importance of teacher competence in developing and implementing ideas for literacy culture in schools through a text-rich environment, an affective social environment, an appropriate academic environment according to the independent curriculum, and providing a creative environment (makerspace). Thus, this service activity can have a positive impact on schools, especially teachers as implementers of the success of the learning process in the classroom in increasing student competence

The quality of education is an essential element in efforts to create a quality and sustainable basic education system. In the midst of government efforts to implement National Education Standards (SNP), many elementary schools, especially in semi-urban areas, still face challenges in meeting education quality indicators. This study was conducted to analyze the achievement of education quality indicators at Talang Piase Elementary School, Musi Banyuasin Regency, which includes five main aspects: teacher competence, principal leadership, facilities and infrastructure, parental involvement, and character-based learning. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach with data collection techniques through observation, documentation, and interviews with four key informants. The results of the study indicate that the indicators of teacher competence, principal leadership, and character-based learning have been achieved well, indicating a high commitment to strengthening the quality of education from within the institution. However, the indicators of facilities and infrastructure and parental involvement are still quite adequate and require serious attention through collaborative strategies and increasing institutional capacity. This study provides an empirical contribution to strengthening the quality of basic education, especially in educational units that are limited in resources but have great potential to develop sustainably.

This study aims to analyze in depth the principal’s policies in improving teacher performance at public junior high schools (SMP Negeri) in Keluang District, Musi Banyuasin Regency. The principal plays a strategic role as an educational leader who is responsible for directing, guiding, and developing human resources—particularly teachers—so that they can perform professionally in accordance with the demands of the Merdeka Curriculum. This research employs a descriptive qualitative approach, using data collection techniques such as in-depth interviews, direct observation, and document analysis. The research subjects include principals, teachers, and school supervisors. The findings reveal that the principal’s policies to improve teacher performance are implemented through four main strategies. First, enhancing teacher competence through training, workshops, academic supervision, and continuous professional development activities. Second, implementing reward and sanction systems to foster motivation and discipline among teachers. Third, building a collaborative work culture through subject teacher discussions (MGMP), regular meetings, and reflective teaching activities. Fourth, strengthening participatory leadership by involving teachers in school planning and evaluation processes. These policies have proven effective in improving teachers’ sense of responsibility, creativity, and instructional innovation. Thus, the principal’s role as a transformational leader is crucial in creating a conducive work environment and fostering efforts to improve the quality of education at the junior secondary school level.

This study discusses the Optimization of the Use of Islamic Religious Education Laboratories in the Practice of Student Worship at State Junior High Schools in Pangkajene District, Pangkep Regency. The main problem is how the Islamic Religious Education Laboratory can be optimized as a facility and infrastructure that supports the development and progress of Islamic Religious Education. The author uses a research approach with qualitative methods in data collection, as well as testing and analyzing data qualitatively. The research paradigm is constructivism; data sources are Principals, PAI Teachers, Students (primary data) and documents related to the management of the PAI Laboratory (secondary data); The research instrument is the researcher himself and is assisted through data collection tools, namely observation guidesheets, interview guidelines and document study guidelines; Data collection techniques are participation observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation; and testing the validity of the research results applying source triangulation and triangulation techniques. The research was carried out in four State Junior High Schools in Pangkajene District, Pangkep Regency. The results of the study showed that 1) The condition of PAI laboratories in the schools studied varied in terms of availability and quality of facilities. All schools have PAI laboratories, but there are gaps in infrastructure and equipment due to differences in budget allocation. 2) Laboratory use of PAI showed variation in intensity and effectiveness. Some schools have integrated the use of laboratories into the curriculum, while others still face challenges in optimization. 3) The practice of students' worship varies in the level of consistency and understanding. The majority of students have awareness of the importance of worship, but the level of practice varies. 4) Factors that affect the use of PAI laboratories include the availability of infrastructure, teacher competence, budget allocation, school management, student motivation, and education policies. This study recommends increasing budgets, developing teacher competencies, integrating curriculum, collaboration between schools, utilizing technology, and periodic evaluations to optimize the use of PAI laboratories and improve students' practice of worship.

Madrasah Aliyah Nurul Jadid faces challenges in developing limited Information and Communication Technology (ICT) learning. The main problems faced are inadequate ICT infrastructure, lack of teacher ICT knowledge and skills, and lack of structured ICT curriculum. To overcome these problems, community service was carried out using the Community Partnership Program (PKM) method. This PKM includes ICT teacher training, improving ICT infrastructure, and preparing an integrated ICT curriculum. The implemented solutions successfully increased the use of ICT in Madrasah Aliyah Nurul Jadid, improved teacher competence in teaching ICT, and provided a strong foundation for further development in ICT learning. In conclusion, community service with the PKM approach is effective in increasing ICT capacity and infrastructure in madrasahs, supporting the improvement of the quality of education in the digital era.ICT infrastructure

This community service activity was carried out to answer the challenges of modern education, especially in designing assessments that are inclusive and responsive to the diverse learning needs of students. The program involved 25 teachers from five elementary schools in Gunung Anyar Sub-district, Surabaya. The training method includes preparation through a needs survey, exposure to the basic concepts of differentiated assessment, collaborative practice, implementation simulation, and ongoing mentoring. The results of the training showed a significant increase in teacher competence, especially in understanding the concepts of formative, summative, and diagnostic assessments, as well as the ability to design flexible rubrics and assessment formats. As many as 85% of participants understood the objectives of the activity well, 78% felt that they understood the material very well, and 82% felt helped by simulations and hands-on practice. In addition, the training created a culture of productive collaboration between teachers, which was felt by 88% of participants. However, there are challenges in the form of the need for more time for technical deepening of rubric development and implementation assistance in the classroom. Collaborative practice-based training proved effective in improving teachers' competence in differentiated assessment. For the sustainability of the program, further training, the establishment of teacher learning communities and increased school support are recommended. This program is expected to create a more inclusive, innovative and responsive basic education for students' diversity.

In accordance with the formulation of the problem, this study aims to determine: 1) the implementation of tahfidz learning in developing cognitive in children aged 5-6 years at RA Al-Fajar Medan Denai. 2) Supporting and inhibiting factors in the implementation of tahfidz learning in developing cognitive in children aged 5-6 years at RA Al-Fajar Medan Denai This study uses a qualitative research method involving 2 teachers in group B and the principal, data collected through observation and interviews. The results of this study indicate that: 1) The implementation of tahfidz learning in improving the cognitive development of children aged 5-6 years at RA Al-Fajar Medan Denai is carried out by designing a clear learning curriculum and integrating tahfidz learning in it, introducing basic concepts of the Qur'an in a gradual and interesting manner, choosing the right learning method according to learning objectives, providing regular and structured memorization exercises, and providing positive feedback and reinforcement to children when they succeed in memorizing verses. 2) Supporting and inhibiting factors in the implementation of tahfidz learning in developing cognitive in children aged 5-6 years at RA Al-Fajar Medan Denai, namely the supporting factors are support from school management, teacher competence in learning, cooperation between teachers and parents, a conducive environment. While the inhibiting factors are the limited learning time available at school, the diverse initial abilities of children, lack of monitoring and evaluation of children's tahfidz learning.

The objectives of this study were: 1) To determine the competence of class XII economic teachers at MA Ma'Arif NU Cimanggu, 2) To determine the learning achievement of economic subjects in class XII at MA Ma'Arif NU Cimanggu, 3) To determine the effect of competence teachers towards student achievement in class XII in economic subjects at MA Ma'Arif NU Cimanggu.This type of research used in this research is quantitative research. The method used is a survey method. The techniques used to carry out the analysis using simple regression techniques, From the results of the study, the following conclusions were obtained: (1) The category of economic teacher competence at MA Ma'Arif NU Cimanggu, Cilacap Regency which was in the low category was 2 respondents or 15.4%, in the moderate category as many as 10 respondents or 76.9 % and in the high category as much as 1 respondent or equal to 7.7%. (2) The descriptive results of determining the predicate of the value of the 13 respondents obtained the results: 1 or 7.7% of the students got the very good category, as many as 4 or as much as 30 , 7% of students scored in the good category, as many as 8 or 61.6% of students scored in the sufficient category and there were no students who scored in the poor predicate. (3) There was an influence between the competence of economic teachers on learning achievement in economic subjects with a significance value of 0.000. The regression equation can be written: Y = 28,448 + 1,072X. The R value or the correlation value between variables is 0.469 or 46.9%. Meanwhile, the R Square value of 0.355 implies that the effect of economic teacher competence on learning achievement in economic subjects in class XII MA Ma'arif Cimanggu, Cilacap Regency is 35.5%.   Keywords: Teacher Competence, Learning Achievement, Economics Subjects

The Independent Teaching Platform (PMM) is a technology platform that accommodates teachers to obtain references, inspiration and understanding of the independent curriculum. This platform also helps teachers to develop their own creativity, because the learning features on the Independent Platform provide independent training facilities with unlimited access. This study aims to analyze the use of the Independent Teaching Platform (PMM) in increasing teacher competence in elementary schools. This type of research uses descriptive qualitative research with data collection techniques through questionnaires indirectly through the Google form. The research results showed that the benefits of the Independent Platform were felt by 90.5% of teachers in West Sumatra played a role in increasing the competence of teachers in elementary schools.

The development of student learning creativity is inseparable from the role of teacher competence as an educator in transferring effective learning, as well as in SKI learning. This paper aims to see how the four SKI teacher competencies are implemented at SD IT Hidayatul Jannah. This study used a qualitative approach with an analytical descriptive method. As for the results of the study: (1) There are aspects of pedagogic competence that have been fulfilled, it can be seen that the teacher has provided educational learning, can communicate and interact actively, (2) Aspects of personality competence as seen by the stability and personal integrity of a teacher, being fair, honest, objective, and also disciplined in carrying out assignments, (3) Aspects of professional competence that can be seen from the mastery of material, structure, and also scientific thinking concepts that support the subjects that the teacher already has, (4) Aspects of social competence of teachers who can accept the advantages and disadvantages of others, and are able to adapt to the environment, especially to students.