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Climate-induced migration is becoming an increasingly significant global issue, driven by environmental changes such as rising sea levels, extreme weather events, and resource scarcity. Despite its growing importance, current legal frameworks inadequately address the protection of climate migrants, leaving them vulnerable and without clear legal rights. This research aims to propose an integrated social-environmental justice framework to address the legal accountability for climate-induced migration, focusing on the recognition of migrant rights, state responsibilities, and environmental protection. The study uses a comparative legal analysis to examine legal systems across various countries and incorporates field data from climate-vulnerable coastal communities through interviews, surveys, and legal case reviews. The research finds that the proposed framework enhances migrant recognition and clarifies state responsibilities in 70% of reviewed legal cases, offering a more comprehensive solution compared to traditional environmental and human rights approaches. The framework's integration of legal, social, and environmental elements provides a holistic response to climate migration, emphasizing equity and sustainability. However, challenges such as political resistance, fragmented governance, and limited funding hinder full implementation. The study concludes by recommending that governments and international bodies adopt this framework and strengthen their commitment to legal protections and climate adaptation strategies for displaced populations. Further research should focus on refining legal frameworks, addressing implementation barriers, and expanding the scope of social-environmental justice to better support climate migrants.

The predictive role of oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of human pregnancy is of particular interest, as oxidative stress is increased in normotensive pregnant women through systemic inflammatory response, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and reactive nitrogen species (RNS). This study involved 40 consenting pregnant women recruited from St. Philomina Catholic Hospital, Edo State, Nigeria. Data obtained were analyzed using GraphPad Prism 9. Results were expressed as mean ± SEM, with a P-value of ≤ 0.05 considered statistically significant. Malondialdehyde (MDA) increased from 3.75 ± 0.42 U/L in normotensive women to 4.53 ± 0.59 U/L in preeclamptic women. However, this increase was not statistically significant (p<0.05; 0.2903). Catalase activity decreased from 114 ± 8.07 U/L in normotensive women to 84.02 ± 21.58 U/L in preeclamptic women, but this decrease was also not statistically significant (p<0.05; 0.1909). Superoxide dismutase (SOD) increased from 40.82 ± 1.23 U/L in normotensive women to 71.90 ± 5.61 U/L in preeclamptic women. This increase was statistically significant (p<0.05; <0.0001). Glutathione peroxidase (GSH) decreased from 66.74 ± 10.35 U/L in normotensive women to 50.63 ± 8.96 U/L in preeclamptic women, but this decrease was not statistically significant (p<0.05; 0.2466). These findings suggest the potential predictive roles of these biomarkers in identifying and monitoring preeclampsia.

Spentwash, a liquid waste byproduct of bioethanol production, is a potential raw material for biogas production due to its high organic content and abundant availability. PT Energi Agro Nusantara (ENERO) utilizes spentwash through anaerobic digestion processes to produce biogas, which is used as an alternative energy source.However, optimizing biogas production still faces various challenges, including the need for efficient monitoring and increased production volume. Internet of Things (IoT)-based technology offers a solution through real-time monitoring systems, enabling direct and accurate methane level measurements.This study aims to develop a prototype of a stirred digester equipped with an IoT-based methane gas detection sensor, using the MQ-2 sensor to detect methane gas.

The objective this study is to analyze the implementation of Bandung Barat Regency Regional Regulation No. 5 of 2018 about the Placement and Protection of Indonesian Migrant Workers (PMI) originating from Bandung Barat Regency referring to the Hill and Hupe's theory of Policy Implementation. This matters all the more since the migrant worker-related cases that garner the highest volume if not interest–like illegal, clandestine worker departures, back wages, and exploitation–reflect the lack of protection systems, the unmet obligation towards the respect of individual rights and human dignity. This qualitative case study reveals key factors influencing policy implementation — low levels of socialization and knowledge about the regulation among migrant workers, absence of inter-agency coordination and poor resources for monitoring and enforcement In addition, it builds upon the variables presented by Hill and Hupe in order to present a more integrated analysis of the implementation process of the policy. These results highlight failures in the system, including the lack of inter- agency cross country collaboration and low resource allocation toward the functions that protect PMI. In light of this, the study makes a range of recommendations including for better policy socialization, improved inter-agency coordination and enforcement, and strengthening resourcing and legal compliance capabilities. Practical implications This study advances the theory of public administration and provides practical insights for policymakers, particularly for strengthening the protection of Indonesian migrant workers in an effective manner.

This study evaluates the investment feasibility of UD Al-Mustofa, a tobacco business in Kendal, by considering aspects of production, storage capacity, waste management, and market expansion opportunities. UD Al-Mustofa is strategically located, ensuring high mobility, optimal production scale, and an effective waste management system, which includes recycling solid waste into organic fertilizer, processing liquid waste, and mitigating gas emissions by conducting tobacco drying in areas far from residential zones. Although the business has not yet obtained certification for international markets, financial analysis indicates that investment in this venture is viable. The calculations show a payback period of 2.01 years, significantly shorter than the projected 10-year investment lifespan. The Net Present Value (NPV) reaches IDR 489,345,567, indicating positive returns, with a profitability index of 0.854. The Internal Rate of Return (IRR) of 46% significantly exceeds Bank Indonesia’s interest rate of 5.75% in 2024, while the Average Rate of Return (ARR) of 78.8% is higher than the cost of capital. Based on these findings, UD Al-Mustofa has strong potential for further development, both in terms of production and market expansion..

The method applied in this study is Systematic Literature Review (SLR) and this work examines the pertinent literature between 2020 and 2024. The sources included here were Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar while using the following keywords; digital communication and profitability. The findings indicate that firms that engage in anticipatory digital media communication receive higher customer interactions of between 10-30% and continued patronage and sales. Furthermore, AI and big data help organizations tailor their communication strategies, maximize CLV and minimize operation expenditures. However, the study also revealed that digital skills’ dearth and organizational reluctance to embrace digital technology are a thorn for firms, particularly MSMEs, regarding the appropriate execution of digital communication strategies. Based on the findings of this study, the conclusion is that enhanced digital communication can enhance the profitability of the company as long as adequate technological platform and increased digitization of company’s employees are in place. As for the suggestions for future research, they include examining the effects of data privacy legislation on Digital Communications Planning and analyzing how manufacturing and, especially, financial service industries can leverage Digital Technology to create a sustainable competitive advantage.

Innovation in service delivery is essential for the progress of the public sector, particularly in the issuance of death certificates by the Bandung City Population and Civil Registration Office (Disdukcapil). This study aims to identify and evaluate service innovations in this field, focusing on their impact on efficiency and user satisfaction. Using a descriptive analysis method with a qualitative approach, data were collected through direct observation, staff interviews, and document review. Findings reveal that Disdukcapil has implemented innovations like an online messaging and registration system, enabling citizens to apply for death certificates online, upload required documents, and complete electronic payments. These changes have reportedly enhanced service delivery, with user feedback indicating improved accessibility and time savings. However, challenges such as initial user adaptation and technical constraints were encountered, which affected the implementation process. This research highlights the sustainable benefits of service innovation in public administration, offering insights for further improvements in future practices..

Prior to the Third Amendment of the 1945 Constitution implemented in 2001, there were no rules governing how to resolve conflicts about the constitutional authority of state institutions in the context of Indonesian constitutionalism. In addition, there was no entity that had the authority to decide cases related to the constitutional authority of these institutions. After the Third Amendment of the 1945 Constitution, the Constitutional Court began to be used as a tool to resolve disputes related to the constitutional authority of state institutions. In the event of a dispute regarding constitutional authority, the Indonesian constitutional system provides a way to deal with state institutions when interpreting constitutional orders. In the event of such disputes, this type of research falls under the category of normative research. Constitutional disputes should always be based on the constitution as a clear and consistent source of the Constitutional Court, the public and state institutions can better understand the constitutional boundaries that apply. This is important to create a more effective legal system, where all parties, whether the government, society, or other state institutions, can carry out their roles in accordance with agreed constitutional principles. Therefore, constitutional justice upheld by the Constitutional Court does not only apply to certain cases, but also provides a clear direction for the development of state administration in Indonesia.  

This study analyzes the differences between the neoliberal and social democratic paradigms in poverty alleviation policies in Indonesia, by adding an Islamic Economic perspective as an alternative. The neoliberal paradigm focuses on free market mechanisms, deregulation, and minimizing the role of the state, but often exacerbates social inequality. In contrast, the social democratic paradigm balances the role of the market and state intervention through resource redistribution and protection of vulnerable groups through sustainable social programs. Islamic economics offers a complementary approach oriented towards the principles of distributive justice, balance, and solidarity, by integrating spiritual values ​​into socio-economic policies. A qualitative approach is used in this study, with policy analysis of programs such as the Family Hope Program (PKH) and the National Health Insurance (JKN). The results show that the social democratic paradigm is more effective in reducing poverty systemically than neoliberalism, especially through increasing access to education, health, and social protection. However, budget constraints, corruption, and infrastructure gaps remain significant challenges. The Islamic Economic perspective emphasizes the importance of zakat, waqf, and infaq as instruments of wealth redistribution that have the potential to strengthen inclusive and sustainable poverty alleviation policies. This study recommends strengthening the synergy between the paradigm of social democracy and the values ​​of Islamic Economics to create policies that are more effective, equitable, and oriented towards the welfare of society holistically.  

This research aims to examine how to optimize the learning management system (LMS) to support cadets' teaching and learning activities at the Naval Academy. It investigates the issues and analyzes the problems and constraints related to LMS learning. This research employs a qualitative methodology. E-learning (Smart class) has been developed to support all teaching and learning activities for cadets within the scope of the Naval Academy. One of its supporting components is an Electronic Learning application with a web-based Learning Management System, which serves as the software used by educators in universities and schools as an online learning medium based on the Internet. This application aids lecturers/instructors in learning and facilitates information sharing through virtual classrooms, allowing cadets to access materials within a specified timeframe. This Learning Management System assists both lecturers and cadets in conducting their online classes, enabling virtual interactions for discussions, solving questions both online and offline, and accessing materials available in cadets’ classrooms. The LMS model significantly supports the teaching and learning activities at the Naval Academy. Cadets can access it anytime and anywhere with just an internet connection and a laptop or computer.

Delays in reporting accountability result in inefficient absorption of funds and budgets. Therefore, a study was conducted to investigate the causes of these delays in accountability reports. Based on interviews with two staff members closely involved with the accountability reports, the main causes of the delays were identified: lack of knowledge about the regulations for preparing financial accountability reports and the influence of delays in report preparation. The communication for monitoring the reports is done via mobile phones, indicating that the monitoring and control processes are still manual. This research uses the Assure Model development method, starting with data analysis of the current conditions at the Indonesian Naval Academy, followed by setting standards and objectives to determine whether financial absorption optimization has been achieved. The next step involves modifying the system in use and determining the necessary application for optimization, which is then tested and re-evaluated. The review of this method concludes that an integrated information system based on an ERP-SAP (Enterprise Resource Planning-System Application And Product) application is needed. This system would eliminate the time gap between report submission and accountability review, thus improving budget absorption with an application-based monitoring concept.

Blockchain technology is gaining attention in healthcare for its potential to secure and streamline digital health records. This paper explores how blockchain can enhance the security, accessibility, and interoperability of pediatric health data. By providing a decentralized and tamper-proof system, blockchain can address issues related to data privacy, patient consent, and medical history tracking in children's healthcare.

This study aims to determine the implications of accounting information systems (AIS) as a business strategy for SMEs in Madiun City. Economic digitalization has a major effect on SMEs. One of the implications (Angelina Wijaya Tan et al., 2024) of this economic digitalization is the transformation carried out by SME actors into the digital era, including the use of Accounting Information Systems (AIS). Efficiency is needed by SMEs in order to keep up with the changing times. The use of this AIS can improve the reporting process and business processes carried out by SMEs. Another advantage (Ari Rohmana & Hwihanus Hwihanus, 2023) of using this AIS is to avoid recording errors and reduce waste. It can be seen that AIS has an important role in the business processes carried out by SMEs. The research method used is qualitative research. The respondents used were SMEs in Madiun City.  

This study aims to analyze teachers' and students' responses to critical thinking skills in biology learning at SMA Negeri 3 Pekanbaru. The research employed a descriptive qualitative method using observation, interviews, and documentation. The subjects were 11th-grade students and biology teachers. The results indicate that the evaluation process conducted by teachers was inconsistent. Essay-based evaluations were deemed effective in measuring critical thinking skills, although not always based on specific indicators. Most students assessed critical thinking questions as moderately difficult, with their evaluation results categorized as high. However, a gap in students' understanding was identified, requiring further attention. This study recommends the systematic use of critical thinking indicators to better support the development of students' critical thinking skills.

Phonetics is a branch of linguistics that studies the sounds of language, including how these sounds are produced, transmitted and received by listeners. In Arabic, phonetics has an important role in understanding how to pronounce sounds correctly. Arabic has a distinctive sound system consisting of vowels, consonants and semivowels, which are produced through various makhraj (places where sounds come out) in the human speech apparatus. Vowel sounds are produced without air resistance, while consonants involve resistance to certain speech organs. Apart from that, Arabic also has letters which are divided into hams (without vibration of the vocal cords) and jahr (with vibration of the vocal cords). Arabic phonetics is very important for improving pronunciation and understanding the meaning of words or sentences, because differences in pronunciation can affect the intended meaning. Therefore, phonetics is an important basis for understanding and practicing Arabic correctly.

Material handling is a form of transportation or conveyance carried out in an industrial company environment. This activity involves moving raw materials, semi-finished goods, or finished goods from the location of origin to a predetermined location. One of the material handling is Doors operation which is located in the furnace machine section which functions as a gate to release a billet that has been heated. In Material Handling, especially in doors operation, an automatic control system using a Programmable Logic Controller is needed. The type of PLC used is the Siemens S7-300 PLC. With the method of observation (observation) in the field of all the equipment that is done and with the literature study can be known material handling control system, especially doors operation. From the results of research on material handling doors operation, it can be seen that this control aims as a gate to release a billet either by remote control or direct control, so that billets that have been heated to a temperature of 1200 degrees can come out effectively and will go to several stands to be printed. All stages in material handling, especially doors operation, can be monitored on the CCTV screen and HMI (Human Machine Interface).

State-owned goods (BMN) that have been acquired must undergo proper management, which includes a series of activities such as bookkeeping, inventorying, and reporting of BMN by legal provisions. This is based on the Indonesian Minister of Finance Regulation No. 181/PMK.06/2016, Article 1, concerning the management of BMN. Optimization, in this context, refers to the goal of improving or refining existing performance to make it better than before. Therefore, the optimization of asset disposal at the AAL (Naval Academy) work unit must be implemented to ensure proper data management in Simak BMN. Over time, the value of these assets will depreciate annually, leading to the eventual disposal of BMN when they no longer hold any value or function and only incur maintenance costs compared to acquiring new BMN. At the Naval Academy, there is still a deficiency in the disposal of BMN that should have been removed from the BMN list, primarily due to insufficient coordination between work units, which results in poor reporting in the SIMAK BMN system. The researcher focuses on the Naval Academy in conducting this study within the work units in the AAL environment. This study is a qualitative descriptive research, utilizing data collection methods such as observation, interviews, and documentation. The research findings indicate that: 1) The disposal process at the Naval Academy work unit has not been carried out effectively. 2) There are still BMNs that have not been removed from the BMN list but should have been. 3) There is a lack of personnel knowledge in each work unit regarding asset disposal, disrupting the reporting process in Simak BMN.

This study examinesthe factors influencing tax compliance among Generation Z in Solo Raya, Indonesia, with a particular focus on the challenges of low compliance within the informal sector. Employing a quantitative approach, data were gathered through closed questionnaires distributed to 135 respondents and analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling -Partial Least Squares(SEM-PLS) via SmartPLS 3. The results revealthat reference groups and tax knowledge have a significant positive impacton tax compliance, whereas thedigitalization ofthe tax system and social media donot demonstratea significant effect. Thesefindings underscore the critical role of social influence and tax education in improving compliance while indicating that digitalization efforts and social media campaigns require further refinement. This research contributesto the development of effective government policies aimed at enhancing tax compliance among Generation Zthrough targeted educational initiatives and the strategic application of technology.

The integration of Islamic education into a nation’s educational system represents a strategic effort to align religious and national educational objectives under a unified policy framework. In many Muslim-majority countries, the responsibility for managing Islamic education is delegated to local governments as part of a broader national consensus involving various educational stakeholders. This arrangement, however, often raises tensions because education policy is inherently a political decision influenced by state interests and ideological considerations. The process of incorporating Islamic education within the national system reflects the dynamic interplay between religion and politics, where Islamic education both shapes and is shaped by political structures. This study explores how political power affects the development, autonomy, and implementation of Islamic education policies. The objective is to highlight the challenges of maintaining educational freedom and religious authenticity while ensuring state oversight and quality assurance. The findings emphasize that a deep understanding of educational politics enables Muslim educators and policymakers to advocate for Islamic education that aligns with Islamic principles yet remains relevant within the national educational framework. Therefore, the balance between state control and institutional independence is essential in realizing the holistic goals of Islamic education in contemporary society.

As individuals age, physiological changes and cognitive patterns can affect sleep quality, often leading to insomnia in older adults. This condition impacts quality of life and can be managed through pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapies. One proven non-pharmacological method is aromatherapy, which stimulates the nervous system to induce a relaxing effect. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of aromatherapy in reducing insomnia among older adults, using a quasi-experimental design with a pre- and post-test approach without a control group. The sample consisted of 30 elderly patients at Mitra Medika Tanjung Mulia Hospital. Data analysis revealed a significant difference (p = 0.001) before and after the intervention, confirming that aromatherapy effectively improves sleep quality in older adults. Therefore, this therapy can serve as an alternative method for managing insomnia in this age group.