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This article discusses a comparison of phonology between Indonesian and French. Through comparative analysis, this article aims to highlight the similarities and differences in the sound systems of the two languages. In a theoretical study, this article discusses the sound systems of Indonesian and French separately, including consonants, vowels, word stress and intonation in both languages. The method used in this research is contrastive analysis, where the sound systems of the two languages ​​will be compared directly to highlight similarities and differences.    

This article reviews a syntax-based analysis of predication in language, delving into its underlying linguistic structure. The research conducted employs analytical methods sourced from literature to comprehend sentence construction and the syntactic relationships forming predication. The findings of the analysis present a profound understanding of the framework of predication in language and its implications in human communication. In the exploration of syntax and predication in linguistics, the syntactic approach highlights the essential relationship between subject and predicate in a sentence. Predication maps what is stated about the subject, and syntax-based analysis reveals its basic structure. Syntax, with its central role, is key to understanding sentence structure and the meaning conveyed in communication. Research on this concept shows how the arrangement of words, phrases, and clauses forms predication.

Discussion of language acquisition cannot be separated from the factors that influence it. Language acquisition is a process of acquiring a child's first language without any special learning about language. A child will only respond to utterances that are often heard from the surrounding environment, especially utterances from the mother. In the process of acquiring language, a child cannot be separated from communication activities involving the interlocutor. In this study researchers conducted research on language acquisition, especially on a 5 years old child. This research was conducted with the following objectives; 1) To describe language acquisition in the components of syntax acquisition, semantic acquisition, phonology acquisition, and morphology acquisition in 5 years old child; 2) To describe the factors that influence 5 years old child language acquisition. The results of this study show that language acquisition at the age of 5 a has reached four components, namely syntax acquisition, semantic acquisition, phonology acquisition, and morphology acquisition. Apart from that, there are three factors that influence the language acquisition process as follows; 1) natural factors; 2) cognitive development factors; and 3) social background factors

Syntax is a branch of linguistics that studies grammar in an utterance. One of the objects of study of syntax is phrases. Phrases are grammatical units consisting of two or more words that do not exceed the function limit. This study aims to use phrases that focus on noun phrases, verb phrases, and adjective phrases in narrative texts in social studies learning books for class VII of the independent curriculum. This study used a descriptive qualitative data analysis method by searching, finding, determining, and analyzing the phrases in the narrative text of social studies learning books for class VIII of the independence curriculum. In analyzing the data using the approach of theoretical study of syntax and using the study of documents as a method of data collection. As for the results obtained from this analysis in the form of finding seven noun phrases as the most used phrases in the text, three verb phrases, and five adjective phrases that are appropriate to their respective uses. It is hoped that this research will help many people, especially those pursuing education, better understand the different types of verb phrases, noun phrases, and adjective phrases in narrative text sentences.

The syntax is a grammar that can decipher the relationship of language elements to form sentences. The function of syntax is as a container in a syntactic structure that contains certain categories. It can be called subject (S), Predicate (P), Object (O), Complement (COMP), and Adverb (ADV). Phrase analysis in short story texts in Indonesian language books for fourth-grade elementary school independence curriculum. This analysis is a qualitative descriptive analysis of the short story text in the Indonesian language book for the fourth grade of the Independent Curriculum. Phrases are syntactic units cobining of two or more words and do not have clauses that occupy one function. Many do not understand how to divide groups of phrases and the causes of errors. Therefore, this research to classify phrases based on their types, and the causes of phrase errors in short stories texts in Indonesian language books for fourth-grade elementary school independence curriculum. Listening and then recording is a technique that can be done when data collection. The results of this study indicate that there are noun phrases, verb phrases, adjective phrases, numeral phrases, and errors in the use of phrases in short stories sentences. This analysis is expected to better understand and be able to develop the use of phrases in short stories.

This research aims to describe the level of syntax errors that include aspects of phrases and sentences on writing personal experience grade X SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL Stella Gratia Atambua. This research uses qualitative research designs with the kind of descriptive research. The results of this study indicate that many students make a mistake on a sentence structure that covers ten aspects. These findings prove that students pay attention to the use of grammar in writing, lack of vocabulary which  belonged to the students, the influence of the use of local languages, and teachers less use of grammar in writing.

Syntaxis analysis on narrative text in Indonesian language book class VII middleschool Merdeka curriculum focuses on analysis of phrases. The purpose of  performing phrase analysis on this narrative text is to find, describe, and group into the types of phrases contained in narrative texts "Bola-Bola Waktu", "Pantan Terong yang Instagramable" and "Jelajah Wae Rebo" in the Indonesian language class VII SMP curricullum Merdeka. This study used two research methods, descriptive method with qualitative approach and syntactic theoretical method. Data analyzed is collected by the technique of view and note technique. The results of data analysis are presented in the form of tables with the explanation of each phrase found and grouped according to the type of phrase. In this study produces findings of some types of phrases, among others, noun phrases, verb phrase,  adjective phrases, numeral phrases, adverb phrases, and preposition phrases. The benefits that can be obtained from this implementation is to provide knowledge and type of phrases and the reader can understand and learn the contents of this analysis and use it for a good context of language as a result of this analysis.

Syntax is a branch of linguistics that studies phrases, clauses, and sentences. In this article, the focus is more on discussing the analysis of sentences in a text, in which the sentence itself is part of the syntax, namely syntactic units composed of basic constituents, usually in the form of clauses, supplemented by conjunctions when needed, and accompanied by final intonation. This article’s text is anecdotal from the Class X Indonesian Language Book of the Merdeka Curriculum. The anecdotal texts in the book are then analyzed for sentences to know whether direct or indirect sentences and sentences are standard. Analyzing a sentence certainly uses a method or method used. The method itself uses a qualitative descriptive method. The qualitative descriptive method is used to make a detailed description of a particular object which is carried out systematically, factually, and accurately. The results of this study found effective sentences, ineffective sentences, declarative sentences, interrogative sentences, and imperative sentences. Based on the results of the analysis found five anecdotal texts. This research can be used as a source of learning, for example in learning about types of sentences. In addition, it can be used to measure literacy levels. As well as b improving language competence, it can also shape students' character conceptually and in the form of humor, which has become a part of life today.

The syntax studied has three scopes: phrases, clauses, and sentences. There are many problems regarding how to differentiate and classify clauses. Not a few equate between phrases and clauses. A collection of several words contains a clause if some of these words have subject and predicate elements, while a phrase means several words consisting of at least one predicate element without any subject element or can be said to be the opposite of a clause. The purpose of this article is to share knowledge about the grouping of clauses and provide examples of each sentence in the procedure text so that the benefits based on this analysis are expected to open and increase knowledge and broaden horizons for writers and readers so that readers can interpret and classify clauses based on analysis. the syntax. The results of the analysis in this article are expected to be useful for students and the wider community regarding language learning because it provides a lot of knowledge related to the grouping of clauses and the types of clauses in procedure texts in Buku Bahasa Indonesia Kelas VII SMP Kurikulum Merdeka. In the research context, methods and methodology are described and will be explained through a qualitative descriptive methodological approach. Qualitative methods aim to seek an in-depth understanding of symptoms and facts.

This research discusses the analysis of clauses in recon texts contained in Indonesian language school textbooks. This study was made to provide knowledge to the reader about the categories of clauses and their examples in sentences in the text. The data for this study are in the form of three recon texts, which contain the types of clauses found in the Advanced Indonesian Language Book for Class XI SMA Merdeka Curriculum. The technique employed in this study is a qualitative descriptive method where the data collected takes the form of words rather than numbers. The analysis technique used is syntactic and also uses note-taking techniques in data collection. Based on the research conducted, twenty-seven clauses were obtained according to the category of phrases or words that occupy the function of the predicate. The clause consists of 26 verb clauses, eight noun clauses, one numeral clause, and two prepositional clauses. A verb clause is a clause whose predicate elements are categorized as verbs. Noun clauses are clauses whose predicate elements are categorized as nouns. Numeralia clauses are clauses whose predicate elements are in the category of numerals. Based on these consequences, it can be formulated that the function of the results of this study is to facilitate the readers' understanding of clause analysis because it provides a detailed explanation accompanied by examples of phrases or words in each sentence that contains the type of clause.