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Golf participation has increasingly become a lifestyle-oriented recreational activity that combines physical exercise, social interaction, and personal identity. However, participation decisions are not only shaped by individual interest, but also by demographic readiness, psychographic orientation, digital promotional exposure, and psychological commitment to the sport. This study aims to examine the influence of demographic factors, psychographic factors, and digital promotion on golf participation decisions in Bandar Lampung, with sport commitment as a mediating variable. A quantitative survey approach was employed using purposive sampling. Data were collected from 287 golf participants through a structured questionnaire measured with a five-point Likert scale. The data were analyzed using multiple linear regression and Sobel mediation testing. The findings show that demographic factors, psychographic factors, digital promotion, and sport commitment have positive and significant effects on golf participation decisions. Sport commitment was found to be the strongest predictor and significantly mediated the relationship between demographic factors, psychographic factors, digital promotion, and golf participation decisions. These results indicate that golf participation is influenced not only by access, lifestyle, and digital promotion, but also by the level of commitment developed by participants. This study contributes to sport marketing literature by integrating individual, psychological, and digital factors into one empirical model of golf participation behavior.

This article examines the leadership of Bu Nyai at Al-Azhar Azzayadiyah Islamic Boarding School as a representation of gender equality within traditional Islamic educational institutions. This study employs a descriptive qualitative approach using in-depth interviews, participatory observation, and documentation studies as data collection techniques. The research focuses on how Bu Nyai exercises leadership authority within a pesantren environment that has long been influenced by patriarchal values.\n\nThe findings reveal that Bu Nyai’s leadership is not only cultural and spiritual in nature, but also reflects the transformation of women’s roles within Islamic boarding schools. In carrying out her leadership, Bu Nyai applies charismatic, transformational, and value-based leadership styles grounded in Islamic teachings on justice and equality. This leadership is reflected in her ability to guide students, manage educational activities, build harmonious social relationships, and motivate members of the pesantren community.\n\nFurthermore, the presence of Bu Nyai as a leader demonstrates that women possess equal capabilities in developing Islamic educational institutions. The findings of this study provide important contributions to the development of gender studies in Islamic education in Indonesia, particularly regarding the strategic role of women in pesantren leadership.

This study aims to analyze the phenomenon of flexing on social media as a representation of social status in digital society through the perspectives of Jean Baudrillard’s simulacra theory and Erving Goffman’s self-presentation theory. The research employs a qualitative method using content analysis of social media posts, particularly on Instagram and TikTok, that display flexing practices. The research data consist of photos and videos containing symbols of luxury, such as branded goods, luxury vehicles, exclusive locations, and consumptive lifestyles. The findings reveal that flexing is not merely an act of showing off, but also a conscious self-representation strategy used to construct a particular social image. The luxury symbols displayed often do not fully reflect reality, but rather represent identity constructions that have been selectively curated and manipulated according to the desired image. From the perspective of simulacra, these representations have replaced reality itself, causing the boundary between reality and representation to become increasingly blurred. Furthermore, the phenomenon of flexing is closely related to consumer culture, the need for social recognition, and personal branding strategies in the digital era. Exposure to flexing content also encourages social comparison, which may lead to psychological pressure among audiences. Therefore, flexing can be understood as a multidimensional phenomenon reflecting changes in how individuals construct identity, perceive reality, and gain social legitimacy within digital society.

Background: Acute respiratory infection (ARI) remains a major public health concern, particularly in primary care settings. Lifestyle factors such as dietary patterns and physical activity are increasingly recognized as potential contributors to respiratory health. Objective: This study aimed to examine the association between dietary patterns, physical activity, and ARI among primary care patients in East Halmahera, Indonesia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at a primary health care facility in East Halmahera, Indonesia, from January to February 2026, involving 106 respondents selected using a total sampling technique. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and medical records. Variables included sociodemographic characteristics, dietary patterns, physical activity, and ARI status. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Chi-square tests with a significance level of p < 0.05. Results: The prevalence of ARI among respondents was 77.4%. Bivariate analysis showed that dietary patterns (p = 0.006) and physical activity (p = 0.015) were significantly associated with ARI. In contrast, age, gender, marital status, education level, employment status, smoking, and alcohol consumption were not significantly associated with ARI (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Dietary patterns and physical activity were significantly associated with ARI among primary care patients in East Halmahera. These findings highlight the importance of lifestyle-related factors in addressing respiratory infections at the primary care level.  

This study aims to determine the influence of leadership style and organizational culture on the loyalty of the HIPMI Parepare Commissariat, Makassar State University (UNM) administrators. The research variables consist of leadership style as the first independent variable (X₁), organizational culture as the second independent variable (X₂), and administrator loyalty as the dependent variable (Y). The study population was all 40 active HIPMI Parepare Commissariat administrators at UNM during the study period. The sampling technique used was saturated sampling (census), thus the entire population was included as respondents. Data were obtained through questionnaires and analyzed using multiple linear regression with the help of SPSS. The results show that leadership style has a positive and significant effect on administrator loyalty, organizational culture has a positive and significant effect on administrator loyalty, and simultaneously, both leadership style and organizational culture have a significant effect on administrator loyalty. These findings indicate that the more effective the leadership style implemented and the stronger the organizational culture developed, the higher the level of administrator loyalty to the organization. The synergy between participatory leadership and a healthy organizational culture can create a conducive organizational environment, increase commitment, and strengthen organizational sustainability.

This study aims to analyze public concerns regarding fast food consumption from the perspective of risk society, particularly among university students. The increasing consumption of fast food reflects shifts in consumption patterns influenced by globalization, practicality, and time efficiency. This research employs a qualitative approach through a literature review supported by interview data to strengthen the analysis. The findings reveal that fast food consumption is not solely driven by biological needs but also by practical, emotional, and social factors. Although students demonstrate a relatively high awareness of health risks associated with fast food, their consumption behavior persists as an adaptive response to structural conditions such as time constraints, accessibility, and academic pressures. From the perspective of risk society, this phenomenon illustrates a contradiction between risk awareness and everyday consumption practices. Risks produced by modernity are not entirely avoided but are negotiated and normalized in daily life. Therefore, fast food consumption cannot be understood merely as an individual choice but as a result of the interaction between structural factors, consumer culture, and social construction within modern society.

The rapid advancement of information technology has reshaped modern society, in particular influencing how young individuals express their identities through fashion. The choice of clothing goes beyond mere practical functions, becoming a symbol of social status and values as young people attempt to adapt to rapidly changing trends, driven largely by digital platforms such as social media. These phenomena have simultaneously led to alarming waste production and environmental degradation, reflecting the mismatch between modern lifestyles and theological mandates on the management of creation. The fast-paced fashion industry, characterized by rapid production cycles and high consumerism, exacerbates the ecological crisis by generating large amounts of textile waste and contributing to detrimental practices in global supply chains. The study uses a qualitative approach, emphasizing literature research to analyze relevant literature and synthesize findings into meaningful discourse. Ultimately, it advocates a transformative catechesis that integrates ecological awareness into the formation of young people's faith, leveraging digital spaces to advocate for simplicity and community engagement in sustainable practices. The challenges faced in fostering this ecological awareness include the prevalence of a culture of instant gratification and the gap between knowledge and action, which hinders the alignment of belief with action. Theological reflection further emphasizes the spiritual implications of consumer behavior, placing ecological responsibility as a fundamental aspect of authentic expression of faith. Based on these insights, this paper underscores the importance for the Church to be proactively involved in the fight for ecological preservation, recognizing that true faith is manifested through tangible actions that honor the divine creation.

This study aims to examine how student lifestyles are represented on Instagram and how these representations can be understood through the concept of hyperreality. The research applies a qualitative approach using a literature review method by analyzing relevant scientific articles published within the last ten years. The findings indicate that Instagram is not only used as a communication medium but also as a space for self-representation. Students tend to upload curated content that highlights selected aspects of their lives, often emphasizing positive and visually appealing experiences. This practice reflects a process of constructing identity in the digital space. Through Jean Baudrillard’s perspective, these representations can be seen as forms of simulation that produce simulacra, where representations no longer directly refer to actual reality. As a result, a condition of hyperreality emerges, in which the boundary between reality and representation becomes increasingly blurred. This situation influences how students interpret social life and interact within digital environments. The study highlights the importance of understanding social media not only as a platform for interaction but also as a space where meanings and perceptions of reality are continuously shaped.

Bullying among adolescents is an aggressive behavior carried out intentionally, repeatedly, and involving an imbalance of power between the perpetrator and the victim. This phenomenon is an important issue because it can affect adolescents’ psychological well-being, social relationships, and academic achievement in both the short and long term. This study uses a literature review method by collecting and analyzing recent national and international studies regarding the causes, forms, and impacts of bullying. The findings indicate that bullying is influenced by internal factors, such as low empathy, poor self-control, negative self-concept, and the desire for social recognition. In addition, external factors also contribute, including parenting styles, peer influence, unfavorable school climate, and the development of social media that increases the risk of cyberbullying. The impacts of bullying are experienced not only by victims, who may suffer from low self-esteem, anxiety, depression, and social withdrawal, but also by perpetrators, who are at risk of developing persistent aggressive behavior and reduced empathy. Therefore, cooperation among families, schools, and communities is needed to prevent and address bullying effectively.

The development of digital technology has significantly changed the way students interact and present themselves in social life, especially through social media such as Instagram, TikTok, and Twitter. One of the emerging social phenomena is flexing, which refers to the behavior of showing off lifestyle, achievements, or ownership to gain attention and social recognition. This study aims to analyze how Sociology students of Sriwijaya University interpret flexing on social media and whether flexing is more dominant as a lifestyle or as a form of social pressure. This research uses a qualitative method with a literature review approach by examining various scientific articles, journals, and previous studies related to flexing, self-presentation, symbolic consumption, social validation, and Fear of Missing Out (FoMO). The results show that flexing is not only a form of self-presentation and symbolic consumption, but also a response to social pressure in the digital environment.

This study aims to analyze the influence of parenting styles on the development of social skills in early adolescence. The method used was a literature review. Researchers reviewed and synthesized the results of relevant previous studies, sourced from scientific journals and credible digital databases. The analysis results show a consistent relationship between the type of parenting style and the quality of social skills. Democratic parenting has been shown to make a significant positive contribution to communication skills, empathy, cooperation, emotional control, and adjustment in social environments. Adolescents raised with this parenting style tend to have better self-confidence and are able to build healthy social interactions at school and in the community. Conversely, authoritarian and permissive parenting styles tend to have less beneficial impacts. This is characterized by the emergence of social anxiety, low initiative, difficulty adhering to social norms, and limitations in establishing interpersonal relationships. These findings emphasize the crucial role of parents in shaping the social competence of early adolescents. The study concludes that implementing a balanced, consistent, and communicative parenting style is a key factor in supporting the development of social skills. Collaboration between the family and the educational environment needs to be strengthened.

The development of digital technology in the Society 5.0 era presents both challenges and opportunities in history teaching, particularly regarding teachers’ ability to integrate technology and adapt to changes in students’ learning styles. This study aims to analyse the challenges faced by teachers and the strategies employed in digital-based history teaching. The method used is a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) employing the PRISMA approach, involving the stages of identification, screening, eligibility assessment, and inclusion of scientific articles published between 2020 and 2025. From the selection process, 25 relevant articles were identified for qualitative descriptive analysis. The findings indicate that teachers’ digital literacy levels remain at a moderate level and are unevenly distributed, thereby affecting the sub-optimal integration of technology into teaching. Furthermore, changes in students’ learning styles which are increasingly technology-oriented require more interactive and contextual pedagogical innovations. On the other hand, the use of digital media has proven capable of enhancing student motivation and learning outcomes, although this is still hindered by limitations in infrastructure and teachers’ technical competencies. The abundance of historical information on the internet also poses challenges regarding the validity of sources, thus necessitating the strengthening of digital literacy and critical thinking. The implications of this research underscore the importance of the ongoing development of teachers’ digital skills, the improvement of educational facilities, and the implementation of innovative teaching models to ensure that history teaching becomes more relevant and effective, and is capable of fostering critical thinking skills in pupils in the digital age.

Homemade food is increasingly dominating the choices of consumers who are oriented towards a healthy lifestyle. However, the belief that self-cooking is synonymous with food safety is not always supported by scientific evidence. This Narrative Review aims to build an in-depth thematic synthesis of the various dimensions of food safety risks that arise in the process of preparing healthy homemade food, ranging from biological and chemical contamination, to human behavioral factors as the main agents of contamination. The study was conducted against seven reputable sources of scientific literature published between 2010–2025, including observational, experimental, cross-sectional, and review studies. Four main themes were identified: (1) risky behaviors in the household kitchen as the dominant factor; (2) unexpected cross-contamination pathways including table salt as a vector; (3) chemical and biological contaminants hidden in "healthy" materials; and (4) evidence-based interventions that have been proven to be effective. This review confirms that homemade food safety is a behavioral issue, not just a technical one, so the intervention approach must be multidimensional and sustainable.

This study aims to analyze the influence of work discipline, professionalism, and organizational culture on organizational commitment among employees in the Public Service Sector. Organizational commitment is an important factor that reflects employee loyalty and attachment to the institution, while the three independent variables are considered as internal factors that can strengthen this commitment. The method used in this study is associative quantitative with a multiple linear regression approach. Data were collected through distributing questionnaires to 46 respondents based on probability sampling techniques. Data processing and analysis in this study used SPSS software version 27. Based on the results of the study, it was found that there is a significant influence of work discipline on organizational commitment. In addition, professionalism has a significant effect on organizational commitment, organizational culture has a significant effect on organizational commitment. Based on simultaneous hypothesis testing, it is proven that work discipline, organizational culture, and professionalism jointly influence organizational commitment. While the amount of contribution is 54% to organizational commitment, while the remaining 46% of organizational commitment is influenced by other factors such as leadership style, motivation, competence, rewards, job satisfaction, and employee performance. Thus, this study confirms that to increase organizational commitment, government agencies need to strengthen a healthy work culture, enforce discipline, and encourage a professional attitude in the work environment.

This research explores hedonistic lifestyle patterns as a social reality that grows within peer interactions, both in adolescence and adulthood. The investigation applies a qualitative descriptive literature review by examining national scholarly publications issued from 2016 to 2026. The findings indicate that hedonistic tendencies should not be interpreted merely as individual choices to seek enjoyment. Instead, they emerge from social processes shaped by interaction, peer influence, and shared norms that develop within a group. In this context, peer circles function as influential socialization agents, encouraging conformity so individuals can be accepted and avoid social exclusion. The study also identifies differences in underlying motivations across life stages. Among adolescents, hedonistic behavior is closely linked to identity exploration and self-definition. For adults, however, it is more associated with maintaining self-image, signaling social standing, and displaying markers of achievement. Overall, environmental dynamics, the expansion of consumer-oriented culture, and intensive exposure to social media play significant roles in strengthening this phenomenon in Indonesia.

Group-based learning in the classroom plays a vital role in enhancing social interaction, individual responsibility, as well as students' critical thinking and collaborative skills. However, its implementation often faces challenges such as the dominance of certain members, social loafing, low participation, and interpersonal conflicts that hinder group effectiveness. This study aims to comprehensively examine the dynamics of learning groups by integrating four key aspects: the concept of group dynamics based on the Tuckman model, the characteristics of effective groups in cooperative learning, group formation techniques, and conflict management strategies. The research utilizes a qualitative approach with a literature study method, analyzing 25 sources including nationally accredited journals, academic books, and theses published between 2020 and 2024. Data analysis was conducted through reduction, thematic classification, content analysis, and conceptual synthesis. The results indicate that effective group dynamics can be achieved through the Tuckman stages, the application of the five elements of cooperative learning, the selection of appropriate group formation techniques with risk mitigation, and the implementation of the Thomas-Kilmann conflict management styles.The scientific contribution of this research is the development of an integrative model based on these four aspects, which serves as a conceptual framework to strengthen collaborative learning practices in the classroom. Practical implications include the formation of ideal groups consisting of 4–5 students, the establishment of initial group contracts, the use of dual assessment rubrics (individual and group), and peer evaluation mechanisms to enhance accountability and reflection.

The need for housing is increasingly pressing with population growth and urbanization, while affordability remains a challenge for single-income households. The purpose of this investigation is to assess the impact of price also location on home purchase decisions using a literature review. This approach involves reviewing, analyzing, and synthesizing various relevant literature sources, such as scientific journals, books, undergraduate theses, also previous investigation reports that discuss factors influencing home purchase decisions. The study concludes that price plays a positive also significant role in home purchase decisions, as consumers prefer homes with prices commensurate with their purchasing power and the quality offered. Location has also been shown to influence decisions, particularly when housing is conveniently situated at a key location  and the availability of public facilities. However, certain studies indicate that price and location are not always the primary determinants of decision-making, as other variables such as promotion, brand image, product quality, and lifestyle also play a role.

This study aims to reflect on the theological meaning of natural disasters in Sumatra (Aceh, Simeulue, Padang) from an ecological perspective. Although Sumatra is geologically prone to earthquakes and tectonic activities due to its location on the Pacific Ring of Fire, hydrometeorological disasters such as floods and landslides are exacerbated by human actions, including deforestation, watershed degradation, and uncontrolled land conversion. This research employs a qualitative-descriptive approach using library research and a theological-reflective method. Primary sources include Sacred Scripture, Church documents (Laudato Si', Gaudium et Spes, General Directory for Catechesis), and relevant ecological theology literature. The findings indicate that natural disasters in Sumatra can be interpreted as "signs of the times" revealing both ecological and moral crises. Disasters are not divine punishment but consequences of humanity's misuse of freedom in managing creation. Ecological conversion is urgently needed at personal, social, and structural levels. Within the catechetical framework, disaster experiences become "texts of life" that guide the faithful toward mature faith expressed in lifestyle changes, solidarity, and responsibility for our common home.

The development of documentary films in Indonesia has encouraged the need for presenting reality in an informative manner while maintaining strong visual quality. Documentary films were no longer viewed merely as a medium for recording facts, but also as a creative medium capable of delivering social messages through a cinematic approach. Cinematography became an important element because it played a role in constructing meaning, atmosphere, and viewing experience through well-directed visual management. This study discussed the management of cinematographic elements by the Director of Photography in the documentary film “Mindful Sip: Matcha Beyond The Trend”, which raised the phenomenon of increasing matcha consumption as part of the lifestyle trend among young people. The method used was a creative approach based on expository documentary through the stages of pre-production, production, and post-production. The entire creation process was focused on concept planning, image capturing, and visual as well as narrative refinement so that the documentary message could be conveyed effectively. The results showed that matcha had developed into a symbol of a healthy, productive, and aesthetic lifestyle, yet awareness of responsible consumption was often neglected. The management of camera angle, camera movement, type of shot, and composition was proven to strengthen visual representation and help audiences understand the phenomenon more critically. Therefore, cinematography played an important role not only in producing attractive visuals, but also in clarifying the documentary’s message regarding the relationship between consumption trends and bodily experience.

Smoking behavior is a modifiable risk factor for hypertension, with hypertension prevalence generally increasing alongside higher cigarette consumption and longer smoking duration. Research on hypertension prevalence among productive-age smokers in Indonesia using national-scale data remains scarce in Indonesian publications. This study aims to analyze factors influencing hypertension among productive-age smokers in Indonesia in 2015, utilizing data from the Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS) 2015. The research employs a quantitative design with an analytical observational approach using a cross-sectional study. The sample comprises 10,677 productive-age smokers in Indonesia, selected via multi-stage random sampling across 32 provinces in 2015. Independent variables include age, gender, employment status, work region, cigarettes smoked, smoking duration, and daily cigarette consumption, while the dependent variable is hypertension. Hypertension prevalence among productive-age smokers in Indonesia in 2015 reached 8.53%, with significant predictors including age ≥36 years, female gender, employment status, smoking intensity of 21–30 or >31 cigarettes/day, and smoking duration >16 years—reflecting multifactorial interactions of biological, behavioral, and socioeconomic factors. Accordingly, recommendations include routine screening at primary health centers for at-risk groups, tobacco control programs based on dose-duration, economic empowerment for the unemployed, intensive screening with lifestyle counseling by healthcare providers, and longitudinal designs for future causal studies.