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The use of moldboard plows in agricultural land preparation often faces wear problems on the share component, leading to increased maintenance time and reduced operational efficiency. This study aims to design and analyze a modular concept for the plow share to improve maintenance and repair efficiency without compromising structural performance. The research methods include field observation, component dimension measurement, design modeling using CAD software, and structural analysis using the Finite Element Analysis  (FEA) method. In addition, maintenance ease was evaluated through a questionnaire based on a rating scale. The results show that the modular design significantly improves maintenance and repair efficiency, with an average score of 4.59 categorized as very good. Structural analysis indicates that the modular design reduces maximum stress on the moldboard and slightly decreases deformation, reflecting improved structural stiffness compared to the conventional design. However, the Safety Factor on the share component remains below the acceptable limit, indicating the need for further development. Overall, the modular design provides an effective solution to enhance maintenance efficiency while maintaining the structural performance of the moldboard plow.

Explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) has become a critical requirement in cybersecurity due to the high-stakes nature of security decision-making and the limitations of black-box learning models. This study investigates the construction of an explainable cybersecurity knowledge representation by leveraging standardized terminology from the NIST cybersecurity glossary. The primary problem addressed is the lack of transparent and semantically grounded reasoning mechanisms in existing AI-driven cybersecurity systems, which limits trust, accountability, and analyst adoption. To address this challenge, we propose a NIST-based semantic knowledge graph that embeds explainability directly into its ontology structure and reasoning process. The proposed framework systematically extracts definitional entities and relations from NIST glossary entries to construct a domain ontology and a multi-relational knowledge graph. A rule-based semantic relation extraction method is employed to ensure faithful, interpretable, and reproducible reasoning paths. The resulting knowledge graph contains over 3,000 cybersecurity concepts and approximately 27,000 semantic relations, covering hierarchical, associative, dependency, and mitigation semantics. Experimental evaluation demonstrates that the proposed approach achieves a high level of explainability, with 92.4% of reasoning outcomes being fully traceable and only 1.4% classified as non-traceable. Most explainable reasoning paths are limited to two or three hops, indicating an effective balance between inferential depth and human interpretability. Structural analysis further confirms the presence of meaningful hub concepts that support multi-hop semantic inference. These results confirm that ontology-driven, standard-based knowledge graphs provide a robust foundation for explainable cybersecurity intelligence. The study concludes that explainability-by-design, grounded in authoritative standards, offers a viable and trustworthy alternative to opaque AI models for cybersecurity applications.

This study investigates the role of Enterprise Information Systems (EIS) in driving innovation within organizations. The research employs a mixed-method approach, combining survey-based structural analysis and in-depth organizational case studies to explore how different EIS capabilities influence organizational innovation. The study focuses on four key EIS capabilities: functional capabilities such as workforce management and customer value creation; technological capabilities including ERP systems and real-time analytics; dynamic capabilities, especially organizational learning; and collaborative innovation through external partnerships. The survey results reveal that EIS capabilities, particularly data analytics and integration, significantly enhance organizational agility, decision-making, and innovation outcomes. In-depth case studies provide detailed insights into how these capabilities are applied in real-world organizational settings, illustrating their impact on process and service innovation. The findings indicate that the effective integration of EIS across organizational functions, along with improved access to data, contributes to operational efficiency and innovation success. However, challenges such as integration issues, resistance to change, and lack of skilled personnel were also identified as barriers to successful EIS adoption. The study contributes to the literature by offering a comprehensive understanding of how EIS capabilities drive innovation and highlighting the importance of organizational culture and leadership in the adoption process. The research provides practical recommendations for organizations to leverage EIS for fostering innovation, such as focusing on EIS integration, overcoming organizational barriers, and ensuring leadership engagement. Finally, the study suggests future research directions, including the refinement of multi-method approaches and the need for longitudinal studies to better understand the long-term impact of EIS on innovation outcomes.

This study examines the short story "Click that Kills" by Taufiqurohman to reveal the position of humans in the increasingly dominating digital algorithm environment. Using a descriptive qualitative approach that focuses on structural analysis and literary psychology based on Freud's psychoanalytic theory, this study thoroughly analyzes the intrinsic elements as well as the inner conflicts of the characters. The findings of this study show that the AIDA system poses a profound existential crisis, where individual freedom is threatened due to systemic information manipulation. The characters of Dito and Genta experience a serious conflict between id, ego, and superego when dealing with the figure of "Shadow User" who is a real symbol of the shift in human dignity through raw data. In terms of structure, the storyline conveys a deep social critique of the loss of human self-control in cyberspace. This research shows that this short story is a premonious criticism of the importance of maintaining the essence of humanity in the midst of the prevalence of mechanical algorithms. The phenomenon emphasizes that digital technology can potentially alienate the moral consciousness of individuals in modern society.

The development of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) and household industries is often regarded as the economic foundation of a region. However, much of the existing research in Indonesia remains focused on quantitative descriptive analysis, while providing limited attention to spatial dynamics and interregional disparities. This study aims to critically evaluate the spatial distribution patterns of SMEs and household industries at the regency and city levels, with particular emphasis on clustering tendencies, unequal distribution, and their relationships with regional characteristics. A spatial analysis approach is employed to identify spatial autocorrelation and industrial clustering patterns, which is complemented by a structural analysis of infrastructure availability, market accessibility, and regional institutional capacity. The findings indicate that the distribution of SMEs and household industries is not geographically random, but rather forms clusters that are predominantly concentrated in areas with higher levels of accessibility and economic activity. This condition reflects spatial inequality that may exacerbate development disparities between regencies and cities. Furthermore, the results reveal that uniform industrial development policies are insufficient to accommodate the diverse spatial characteristics across regions. Therefore, this study underscores the importance of formulating spatially informed and context-sensitive policies for the development of SMEs and household industries in order to promote more balanced and sustainable regional industrial development.

Bridge planning is a fundamental aspect in the development of transportation infrastructure that functions to connect regions, facilitate traffic flow, and support economic and social growth in the community. This study aims to comprehensively examine the stages of bridge planning, from identifying traffic needs and analyzing geotechnical conditions to selecting a structure type, and evaluating technical, economic, and environmental aspects. The methods used include field surveys, traffic data collection, design load analysis, and structural simulation using modeling software. The study results indicate that bridge type selection is not only determined by load capacity and cost efficiency, but must also consider sustainability, aesthetics, and the impact on the surrounding ecosystem. This study emphasizes the importance of integrating technical, social, and environmental aspects in bridge planning, so that the resulting design can provide a safe, efficient, and sustainable solution. Thus, bridge planning is not merely a technical process, but also a development strategy that supports connectivity and community welfare.

Management of household waste in Final Disposal Sites (TPA) faces a serious problem, where most of the waste accumulates and is difficult to decompose due to its complex nature. This condition substantially inhibits natural decomposition processes and limits the effectiveness of recycling efforts. Pre-processing operations, such as sorting and crushing, which are still dominated by manual methods, are proven to be inefficient, high-risk, and require large allocations of land resources and manpower. Therefore, automated technological innovation is needed to facilitate the efficient separation of organic components from inorganic materials (packaging). This research was conducted to determine the design and structural strength analysis of a hammer mill type depackaging machine, carried out using Solidworks software. Structural analysis simulation utilizes Finite Element Analysis (FEA) to determine the structural strength of the machine. The specifications of the hammer mill type depackaging machine include a capacity of 3000 kg/hour, a hammer mill input power of 12 KW, and a rotational speed of 2500 rpm with a torque of 34.54 Nm. Meanwhile, the screw conveyor input power is 0.75 KW and the rotational speed is 20 rpm. The FEA simulation analysis results for the hammer mill type depackaging machine showed that the maximum Von Mises stress value recorded is 3,022×10^7   N⁄m^2 , the maximum displacement value measured is very minimal, namely 2,793×10^(-1)  mm, and the Factor of Safety (FOS) obtained is 8.3. This FOS value significantly exceeds the required minimum safety limit (>3), confirming that the machine design has optimal reliability, fatigue resistance, and structural integrity for operation under intensive working conditions at the TPA. The conclusion of this study indicates that the engineering design of this hammer mill type depackaging machine is safe and meets structural technical requirements to proceed to the implementation phase, potentially becoming a sustainable technological solution in improving the efficiency of waste pre-processing.

The rapid advancement of science and technology requires universities to provide safe, comfortable, and representative learning facilities. One such initiative is the construction of a five-story lecture building at Dr. Soetomo University, designed with a steel structure as an alternative to reinforced concrete. Steel was chosen due to its high tensile strength, uniform material properties, lighter weight, ease of installation, and strong resistance to earthquake loads. This study aims to design a five-story lecture building with a steel structure that meets the requirements of strength, stability, and safety in accordance with applicable standards. The method applied is structural planning based on SNI 1729:2020, SNI 1727:2020, and SNI 1726:2019 using the Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) approach. Structural analysis was conducted with SAP2000 version 2014 through three-dimensional modeling that considers geometry, material properties, loading, and placement. The results show that the selected steel profiles for beams, columns, and connections are capable of supporting the combination of dead loads, live loads, and seismic loads with safe performance. The maximum stress remains below the allowable limit, and the deflection values do not exceed the permitted deviation. These findings confirm that steel provides efficiency in dimensions and materials while offering practicality and earthquake resistance, and the design produced can serve as a useful reference for future multi-story building projects in earthquake-prone regions.

The Nurul Ikhlas Mosque, also known as Surau Parak Mujua, located in Pakan Akek, Jorong Kajai, Nagari Koto Baru, Solok Regency, is an important center of religious and social activities for the local community. In June 2023, the mosque suffered a major fire that destroyed the entire structure, creating an urgent need to redesign it to be more functional, ergonomic, efficient, and adaptable to local conditions. This community service project aimed to produce an architectural design that not only met structural and functional needs but also accommodated the social aspirations and cultural values of the local community. The methods used in this project included field observations to understand the community's conditions and needs, participatory discussions with local community leaders to explore aspirations and hopes, technical drawings using AutoCAD software, and structural analysis using ETABS to ensure the building's earthquake resistance. Ergonomics were a key consideration in this design, encompassing circulation flow, room dimensions, natural ventilation, and the selection of materials that were friendly and safe for the elderly, children, and people with disabilities. The output of this activity is a variety of design documents, including floor plans, elevations, building sections, floor plans, columns and beams, and 3D visualizations that can be used as a guide for phased construction. This program demonstrates the importance of collaboration between universities and the community in responding to post-disaster infrastructure needs. This knowledge-based, participatory approach is expected to produce a final design that is appropriate to real needs and the local context, and supports better and more sustainable post-disaster recovery.

This study discusses the character of Acha in the novel Mariposa by Luluk HF using Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic approach. Acha is described as a teenager who is persistent in pursuing love, but has a complex inner conflict. This study was conducted because psychological issues, especially in teenagers, are very relevant in modern life. The method used is a qualitative-descriptive approach with Freud's structural analysis of personality, namely id, ego, and superego. In this study, Acha shows the dominance of the id when expressing love impulsively, the ego when adjusting to the bitter reality, and the superego when choosing honesty even though it is painful. The presence of supporting characters also strengthens Acha's psychological dynamics in the story. The results of the study show that Acha's internal conflict is a reflection of the struggle between desire, reality, and morality, and describes the process of maturing teenage characters. This study is expected to provide a deeper understanding of psychological dynamics in literary works and their relevance to the lives of teenagers today.

The purpose of this study is to describe and compare the literary structures of Sindhunata's novel Anak Bajang Menggiring Angin and S. Sularso's Ramayana using an objective-structural approach. The study's focus is on intrinsic factors, specifically themes and penokohan, as well as reflections of the social values of Jawa culture that are present in both karyas. This study uses a kualitatif deskriptif method with the content analysis technique applied to two novel texts as the primary data. The study's findings indicate that both karyas have a common interest in discussing traditional topics such as the relationship between kebaikan and kejahatan, cinta sejati, pengorbanan, and nilai kepemimpinan. However, there are differences in alur kelengkapan, narasi kedalaman, and tokoh penggambaran. Anak Bajang Menggiring Angin presents the Ramayana in a more precise and symbolic manner, while Sularso's version of the story emphasizes the traditional forms of ungkapan and Jawa symbols. The results of this study are presented in a clear and concise manner by comparing two contemporary adaptations of the classic Ramayana story with objective-structural analysis that has not yet been widely discussed. This study aims to shed light on how modern sastra might serve as a local reflection of culture through traditional epik.

Building fires can significantly degrade the strength and integrity of steel structures, so post-incident evaluation is crucial to ensure building safety and feasibility. This study aims to evaluate the condition of the steel tower structure after the fire through a visual inspection method. A total of 35 structural elements were examined, including columns, beams, and bracing, to identify damage caused by heat exposure. The inspection results showed that 6 elements (17%) were in the category of Acceptable, 8 elements (23%) Needs Attention, 5 elements (14%) Not Acceptable, and 1 element (3%) Not Applicable because they had been removed. Steel columns generally remain upright without deformation, but suffer damage to the protective layer (coating). In contrast, most blocks lose their protective layers, are directly exposed to fire, show early signs of corrosion, and some suffer severe damage such as flange tears and cuts. These findings confirm the importance of systematic documentation and classification of element conditions as the basis for technical decision-making for structural improvement. Visual inspection proved effective as an initial step in the evaluation process, providing a relevant initial picture of the extent of damage and the need for intervention. This study recommends follow-up in the form of advanced structural analysis and material testing to ensure the feasibility of reusing the affected steel elements.

. Perancangan dan pemodelan struktur merupakan unsur yang esensial pada suatu bangunan agar dapat menghasilkan struktur yang kuat, stabil, dan awet. Pada dasarnya struktur adalah benda kontinum yang memiliki derajat kebebasan tak terhingga sehingga harus dinyatakan sebagai model derajat kebebasan banyak. Tujuan Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menganalisis kinerja struktur Gedung 2 Universitas Muhammadiyah Bima. Metode yang digunakan yaitu dengan melakukan pendekatan secara analisis menggunakan pemodelan struktur yang meliputi pemilihan jenis struktur yang digunakan, penentuan material dan dimensi elemen struktur, sistem pembebanan pada struktur (beban mati, beban hidup, beban gempa dan lain-lain), analisis struktur, pengecekan kekuatan struktur. Hasil Analisis tegangan azial yang terjadi pada kolom sebesar -1475,761 kN, Gaya geser yang dihasilkan oleh balok dan kolom masing-masing sebesar 72,430 kN dan 62,080 kN. Momen lentur yang dihasilkan oleh balok dan kolom masing-masing sebesar 63.0184 kN-m dan 120,1879 kN-m. Momen torsi yang dihasilkan oleh balok sebesar 9,5972 kN-m. Lendutan yang terjadi pada balok dan sebesar 2,085599 mm lebih kecil dari L/360 batas yang diijinkan. Dari hasil perhitungan analisis struktur bahwa dimensi balok, kolom dan pelat layak digunakan untuk struktur konstruksi gedung.

The building to be utilized should undergo regular inspections and performance testing to determine whether it can function and operate according to its intended use. Compliance with administrative and technical regulations governing the utilization of buildings is demonstrated through the issuance of a Building Worthiness Certificate (SLF). This study aims to assess the compatibility of the building's function with the conditions during the planning phase and evaluate the structural feasibility of the building. It also seeks to implement the provisions of Government Regulation No. 16 of 2021 regarding the Implementation of Law No. 28 of 2002 on Buildings. Based on the research conducted, it can be concluded that the structural suitability of the MSC Indosat Baturaden building has changed compared to the planned building. Initially designed as a battery storage building, it is currently used as an MSC building or a facility for storing batteries and servers. Additionally, there are discrepancies in the area specified in the original Building Permit (IMB) compared to the current building. Further analysis of the building's structure and the application of current regulations regarding structural serviceability, including dynamic load analysis (earthquake), inter-story drift analysis, P-Delta analysis, and structural cross-section checks, concluded that the building is safe as it meets the requirements specified in SNI 1726:2019 and SNI 2847:2019. The highest structural cross-section capacity ratio was 0.2 < 1, and the inter-story drift value was 0.023 < 0.07. The existing concrete material meets the structural standards, with a characteristic compressive strength of 28.98 MPa. The results of the rebar scan detector test showed that the type of reinforcement used complies with the standards specified during the planning phase, referring to SNI 07–0408–1989. Overall, the structural analysis results for the MSC Indosat Baturaden building indicate that the building is safe and remains fit for use.    

A mixed-use building refers to a combination of several different functions within a single structure, such as residential, office, shopping, and recreational functions built on one site. Designing a mixed-use building requires careful planning and consideration of various factors such as functional needs, aesthetics, and energy conservation. Additionally, the design of mixed-use buildings incorporates various functions within a single area. Floor slabs and beams use plain reinforcing steel with a quality of Fy = 240 MPa (Ø8mm). The concrete cover is taken as 20 mm. From the design results, several thickness types of slabs were obtained according to the load requirements that must be accommodated above them. The following are the moments acting on the floor slabs and beams. The reinforcement calculations are performed using the capacity strength design method according to SNI 2847-2019. The capacity design concept involves controlling the formation of plastic hinges at predetermined locations. The SAP2000 program can directly calculate the feasibility of the structural dimensions and the amount of reinforcement needed from the input program results. In the SAP2000 program, the concrete code used is the American concrete code ACI-318-05/IBC 2003, which differs in some respects from the concrete code in Indonesia SNI 2847-2019. Adjustments need to be made to comply with the regulations in Indonesia. Internal forces from the SAP2000 program are selected from load combinations that generate the maximum moments at the column face. The flexural and shear reinforcement for beams can be directly read from the SAP2000 output in the form of information on the required area of reinforcement. 

This study aims to redesign the superstructure of the Sambungrejo Bridge in Sidoarjo, which has a span length of 16 meters. The Sambungrejo Bridge originally used WF 700.300.15.28 steel girders and C 300.100.10.16.8 diaphragms,that are susceptible to corrosion, especially during floods. The redesign involves replacing the steel girder with a Prestressed Concrete I Girder (PCI Girder) H-900mm, 170mm thick, produced by WIKA Beton, known for its superior corrosion resistance and construction efficiency. The research methodology includes structural analysis using Robot Structural Analysis Professional (RSAP) software, calculation of prestressing forces, and the design of the prestressing cable layout. The results of this study demonstrate that the use of PCI Girder does not reduce the structural dimensions of the bridge but also proves to be more compatible with the flood water conditions at the site. The total cost required for implementing the new bridge superstructure design is Rp. 4.372.201.

Co-working spaces have gained popularity in recent years as a flexible and cost-effective solution for freelancers, startups, and small businesses looking for a collaborative work environment. This article examines the key success factors for a co-working space business model, drawing on insights from industry experts and research studies. By identifying these critical factors, co-working space operators can optimize their business model and enhance their chances of success in a competitive market. The development of the use of co-working space is now increasingly promising. Many of the startup companies and freelancers who use co-working space as a place for daily activities to work. Co-working space also helps to differentiate work and daily activities from these workers. However, the business model of co-working space is relatively vulnerable. This study aims to evaluate the factors that can increase the success of the co-working space business model, considering the importance of co-working space as the development of creativity. This study involved 116 users from two businesses that achieved success in managing the co-working space. Data was collected using a questionnaire survey and structurally analyzed using SmartPLS. The results of the study identified that shared workspace management and supporting co-working space operations played an important role in determining the success of this business model. Membership management has no significant effect. Therefore, the management of co-working space can be focused on these two elements

Literary works certainly have their own benefits, but to find out these benefits you must first analyze them with special studies, one of which is structural studies. Researchers conducted a structural study of literary works in the form of drama scripts. The researcher used the drama script "Lautan Bernyanyi" by Putu Wijaya as material for analysis in this research because it is unique, coherent in its structure and has moral values ​​that can be used as lessons by readers. This research aims to (1) describe the relationship between the intrinsic elements of the drama script "Lautan Bernyanyi" by Putu Wijaya (2) describe the moral values ​​contained in the drama script. This study used descriptive qualitative method. With data collection steps (1) Reading the drama script "Lautan Bernyanyi" intensively (2) Analyzing the cohesiveness of the intrinsic elements of the drama script (3) Recording data in the form of dialogue texts contained in the drama script (4) Bibliographic methods used as references in the bibliography list. support this research (5) Analyze the moral values ​​in the drama script "Lautan Singing" and describe them. From the results of the analysis carried out on the drama script "Lautan Bernyanyi" by Putu Wijaya, there is a connection between its elements and the moral values ​​instilled can reach the reader.

Literary works certainly have their own benefits, but to find out these benefits you must first analyze them with special studies, one of which is structural studies. Researchers conducted a structural study of literary works in the form of drama scripts. The researcher used the drama script "Lautan Bernyanyi" by Putu Wijaya as material for analysis in this research because it is unique, coherent in its structure and has moral values ​​that can be used as lessons by readers. This research aims to (1) describe the relationship between the intrinsic elements of the drama script "Lautan Bernyanyi" by Putu Wijaya (2) describe the moral values ​​contained in the drama script. This study used descriptive qualitative method. With data collection steps (1) Reading the drama script "Lautan Bernyanyi" intensively (2) Analyzing the cohesiveness of the intrinsic elements of the drama script (3) Recording data in the form of dialogue texts contained in the drama script (4) Bibliographic methods used as references in the bibliography list. support this research (5) Analyze the moral values ​​in the drama script "Lautan Singing" and describe them. From the results of the analysis carried out on the drama script "Lautan Bernyanyi" by Putu Wijaya, there is a connection between its elements and the moral values ​​instilled can reach the reader.

The spread of the Covid-19 virus and the emergence of various variants became a global pandemic in just a matter of minutes.  The Indonesian government swiftly implemented several policies to prevent the spread of the virus.  In the pandemic phase which requires social distancing for the community.  The government does not stop urging the public to always obey health regulations and protocols.  Moreover, the role of regional governments is very central in handling the Covid-19 pandemic, even though they limit direct contact with the community, thanks to advances in science and technology, central or regional leaders can use social media to convey texts or videos in the form of appeals to the public.  After passing through the pandemic phase, the time has come to rebuild and overcome various problems that have arisen due to the impact of the pandemic.  Conditions after the Covid-19 pandemic have become the focus of attention of regional governments, including Regional Heads in Central Java.  This research uses a qualitative research approach.  The aim of qualitative research consists of describing the research object, expressing the meaning behind the phenomenon, and explaining the phenomenon that occurs.  The method used is descriptive and content analysis.  Data is obtained critically through speech discourse contained in content on social media and produces inferences regarding the use of spoken language as a form of speech act.  The results of this research show that in the speech video of the Central Java Regional Head, Ganjar Pranowo, there is macro structure (thematic) analysis, superstructure (schematic) analysis and micro structure analysis.  Macro structure analyzes discourse that influences thoughts, actions and implied ideologies.  Superstructure analysis understands the way speech discourse is structured and the appearance of its interactions.  Meanwhile, microstructural analysis reveals that the language conveyed by Ganjar Pranowo aims to achieve certain communications.