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The purpose of this classroom action research is to improve students' ability to apply Indonesian language learning knowledge on short stories by implementing the Cooperative Integrated Reading and Composition model in grade IV of SDN 2 Manembo. The number of students in grade IV is 14 people. This research uses a classroom action research (CAR) method based on the inquiry learning method according to Kemmis and McTaggart (Aqib Zainal, 2016:64) and is implemented in two cycles. Each cycle consists of four stages, namely planning, action implementation, observation, and reflection. Qualitative data collection techniques are carried out through observation of learning activities, while quantitative data are collected from the results of LKPD. The data analysis technique uses the formula (Trianto, 2019:41) KB = T/Tt × 100%. Student learning outcomes in cycle I reached an average value of 70% with incomplete criteria, but increased in cycle II to 92% with complete criteria. In addition to improving learning abilities, students also feel more enthusiastic and active in participating in learning by implementing the Cooperative Integrated Reading and Composition model. It can be concluded that the implementation of the Cooperative Integrated Reading and Composition (CIRC) model can improve the reading comprehension skills of fourth-grade elementary school students.

This community service activity aims to introduce financial literacy from an early age to children in Siantar Narumonda Village through an interactive and educational tutoring program. Financial literacy is an important skill that must be instilled from an early age so that children are able to manage their finances wisely in the future. This activity uses a qualitative descriptive approach to describe the execution process systematically. The program was implemented by students of the Tarutung State Christian Institute as part of the Community Service and Service Lecture (KPPM), targeting 35 children aged 1–12 years. The program was implemented for one month and two weeks, three times a week. The material presented was in five main topics: the importance of financial literacy, tips for managing finances, saving, getting to know money and how to manage it, and getting to know banks and financial institutions. The delivery of the material was carried out through fun methods such as games, simulations, short stories, and group discussions. Evaluation was carried out through participant observation, question and answer sessions, and visual documentation. The results of the activity showed that the children experienced an increase in understanding of the basic concepts of financial literacy and began to apply positive habits in managing finances. This activity is also a means of meaningful learning for implementing students. With an interesting and structured approach, this activity provides significant educational and social impacts. Early financial literacy has proven effective in forming a generation that is financially intelligent and responsible in managing economic resources.

The purpose of this study was to determine the ability to write short stories of students in the Indonesian Language Subject of Class V at UPT SPF SD Inpres Bertingkat Labuang Baji before using the suggestopedia method, Jeneponto Regency and to determine the ability to write short stories of students in the Indonesian Language Subject of Class V at UPT SPF SD Inpres Bertingkat Labuang Baji after using the suggestopedia method. The main problem in this study is that students are less active in learning and tend to accept whatever is conveyed by the teacher then remain silent and reluctant to express questions and opinions, so the author uses the Suggestopedia method, and the results of learning to write short stories of class V at UPT SPF SD Inpres Bertingkat Labuang Baji are effective after using the Suggestopedia method. This type of research is an experimental research using the "One Group Pretest Posttest Design" design. The population of this study were all fifth grade students totaling 34 people. The sample of the study was fifth grade students at the UPT SPF SD Inpres Bertingkat Labuang Baji totaling 34 people. Data collection was carried out using observation techniques, giving tests and documentation. The data collected in the study were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical analysis. The results of the study showed that there was a significant difference in the ability to write short stories between students who received short story writing learning using the suggestopedia method and students who received short story writing learning without using the suggestopedia method. This is indicated by the results of the t-test calculation obtained df 62, p value = 0.001 <0.05. Learning to write short stories is more effective using the suggestopedia method than learning to write short stories without using the suggestopedia method. This is indicated by the average pretest score of 65.17 and the average posttest score of 84.08 which means an increase of 18.91.

The short story "Gubrak" by Seno Gumira Ajidarma is an interesting short story to analyze. This research analyzes the intrinsic elements of the short story 'Gubrak' by Seno Gumira Ajidarma which aims to determine the important elements used in the short story 'Gubrak' by Seno Gumira Ajidarma. The problem that will be answered in this research is what elements are in the short story "Gubrak" by Seno Gumira Ajidarma. The aim of this research is to determine the intrinsic elements of short stories. The research method used is a qualitative method because it is descriptive and leads to analysis by presenting an analysis of the intrinsic elements of the short story. The results of this research show that there are elements found in the short story 'Gubrak' by Seno Gumira Ajidarma including theme, characters,  plot, setting, point of view, and message. This analysis is useful for finding out what elements are in the short story 'Gubrak' by Seno Gumira Ajidarma. The benefit of this research is that it allows viewers of literary works to feel the emotions contained in the literary work, especially literary works in the form of writing, so that the intrinsic elements can reflect individual expressions and are a means of depicting the atmosphere of the story. And literary works become more beautiful and do not abandon the aesthetic value of a literary work.

The short story Laki Sejati by Putu Wijaya is one of the works of Indonesian literature that depicts the dynamics of human life and internal conflicts. This research aims to analyze the intrinsic elements in the short story, including themes, characters and characterization, plot, setting, point of view, and mandate. Through this analysis, it is revealed how these intrinsic elements are used by the author to build a story that is evocative and full of meaning. The results of the analysis show that the main theme of this short story is the search for identity and the true meaning of "masculinity". The main character, who has an inner struggle in understanding the values of masculinity, is shown with a deep complexity of character. The progressive storyline with intense conflict takes the reader on the emotional journey of the main character, while the physical and social setting reinforces the realism of the story. A limited third-person perspective is used to explore the main character's perspective, revealing the inner dynamics that are the main focus of the story. The mandate contained in this short story invites readers to reflect on the true meaning of identity, courage, and happiness in life. This study concludes that the intrinsic elements in the short story Hukum Hukum are  used very effectively to describe the struggle of human beings in understanding their identity. This short story is not only a literary work, but also a philosophical reflection on life and the meaning of masculinity.

"Improvement of Short Story Writing Ability Through the Personal Experience of Class VIII Unismuh Junior High School Makassar". Thesis of Indonesian Language and Literature Education Department, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Makassar Muhammadiyah University.This type of research is a Class Action Research (Class Action Research) which aims to describe the improvement of short story writing skills through the personal experience of students of class Class VIII Unismuh Junior High School Makassar and describes the process of improving the ability to write short stories through the personal experience of the MA class Class VIII Unismuh Junior High School Makassar. The instruments used in data collection were tests, observation guidelines, interview guidelines, and the data were analyzed descriptively qualitatively. The data in this study are in the form of tesp there are 24 students and the results of observations in the learning process.The results showed that quantitatively there was an increase in the learning outcomes of short story writing through the personal experience of 24 students, namely on the pretest results, an average score of 56.63%. In the first cycle the average score of student learning outcomes was 68.13%, while the second cycle of student learning outcomes writing short stories through personal experience was 81.74%. In the first cycle, students who finished 9 students or 46.48% and categories of incomplete were 15 students or 53.52%. While in the second cycle category there were 21 students or 89.96% and the incomplete category were 3 people or 10.04% meaning that there was an increase of 13.61%.Based on the results of the research above, it can be concluded that the results of learning to write short stories through the personal experience of students of class XI MA Darul Istiqamah Maccopa Maros Regency can be improved through students' personal experiences.

The purpose of this study is to determine the extrinsic elements of the short story entitled “Kado istimewa” karya Jujur Prananto. Short stories or often called short stories are material from the course of appreciation and study of prose. The method used is a qualitative descriptive method in the form of words. The data obtained in this study are in the form of extrinsic elements sourced from the short story by Dinda Yuni Sari. The results of the analysis are based on the background of society, the background of the author, and the values ​​contained in the short story.

One of the literary works "Dodolitdodolitdodolitbret" by Seno Gumira Ajidarma is a story about spirituality, which is told in an ironic way and balances the real and the sign. As a spiritual story experienced by a character named Guru Kiplik. He was very sure that "right prayer is the secret of happiness" But everything changed when he met the nine sons of the island-children. Teacher Kiplik always doesn't accept that their morals are not right, but they can walk on water. The background of this research is the depth of analysis of the intrinsic elements of short stories. Part of the background to the research provided is based on the need for in-depth analysis of the intrinsic elements in the short story so that researchers understand the moral message and social criticism conveyed by the author. The problem in this research is how the intrinsic elements, namely theme, character, plot, setting, point of view, language style and message, work together to produce the meaning of the story. This research uses a structural approach with qualitative descriptive methods. The data used is secondary data obtained through reading and note-taking techniques, then analyzed using the relevant theories. The research results show that this short story has a main theme regarding true belief and opposing principles in carrying out prayer. Kiplik's teaching figures as well as the island's inhabitants reflect the difference between formality and spiritual sincerity. The forward plot, reflective setting, omniscient point of view, and symbolic language style support the delivery of the moral message that sincerity is more important than technical mores. This research recommends further exploration of Seno Gumira Ajidarma's works in the context of social criticism and spirituality, and the use of these short stories as teaching material for understanding humanist values ​​in literature.

Language use in everyday life is often incorrect, particularly in informal conversations. The correct and proper use of language also impacts an individual's reading process. Quality writing is characterized by the use of good and correct language conventions. However, many still encounter language errors in texts. Analyzing syntactic errors in short stories is necessary to identify and explain them. The aim of this study was to analyze language errors in the short stories "The Ceded Storm" and "The Red Forest" by Fauzia, as part of an intensive reading program for Indonesian language and literature students at Semarang State University. The study employed deductive methods and theoretical approaches, conducting analyses by identifying language errors in the short stories. A qualitative descriptive approach was used as part of the methodology, while language error analysis incorporated a theoretical framework. Data collection techniques included reading and note-taking. The data collection process involved three steps: (1) data collection, (2) data analysis, and (3) data presentation. Researchers examined the short stories "The Ceded Storm" and "The Red Forest" by Fauzia. The research highlighted numerous potential errors, including capitalization, punctuation, word choice or diction, usage of strong words, and conjunctions. The study aimed to identify factors contributing to the short stories' lack of quality and provide insights through a detailed analysis.

This study examines social norms in the short story "Good Morning, Unemployed!" by Seno Gumira Ajidarma using a literary sociology approach. This work describes the dynamics of the life of an unemployed person who is often the target of community stigma. Social norms, such as the pressure to be economically independent and the hope of success, are examined through the narratives and characters in this short story. The study reveals the psychological impact of stigma, unfair access to opportunities, and the importance of solidarity amid social pressure. This analysis shows the role of short stories as a medium of reflection and criticism of social reality that is often overlooked. With a qualitative descriptive approach, this study emphasizes the relevance of social issues in literature as a reflection and driver of public awareness.

Gender representation is not only important in understanding characterization and dynamics of stories, but also in identifying narratives that govern and influence public perceptions of gender roles. The study aims to analyze gender representation in "Sampan Zulaiha" by analyzing the character of women faced with and responding to existing gender norms and efforts to resist gender injustice. This research is a qualitative study of library studies (library research) with methods of data collection using documentation methods, i.e. collection of books and journal articles. Winsgoal adalah slot mahjong gacor dengan fitur scatter hitam winrate kemenangan tinggi. Daftar dan nikmati fitur situs jackpot terbesar hari ini! As for the primary data source comes from the Book "Sampan Zulaiha" by Hasan Al Banna and the secondary source of data comes from several books and journals articles. This study uses analytical descriptive analysis. This research produces a variety of representations of the narrative presented on the Zulaiha Sampan cerpen that corresponds to the gender situation in the surrounding society. Many gender inequities and various traditional customs narrow the women's movement to develop themselves. Further research could explore gender representation in literature influencing gender identity construction and gender role in society..

Short stories are a form of literary work that reflects life in society with characters that dominate the storyline. The research is based on the researcher's interest in the personality of the characters in the story. The qualitative method in this study focuses on the narration, description, and interpretation of the character's personality in the short story collection "Menghardik Gerimis" by Sapardi Djoko Damono based on Sigmund Freud's psychoanalysis theory. The data collected by the researcher is used as an object of analyzing the character's personality structure which includes id, ego, and superego. The method in collecting data, namely literature, reading, recording, data classification, and interpretation of the analyzed data. In the analysis, there are several aspects found, such as id (satisfaction, fantasy, curiosity, discomfort, and sexual urges), ego (delaying desires, accepting reality, rejecting desires, and making decisions, superego (religious awareness and manners). The conclusion of the research shows a deep understanding of the psychological aspects of the characters in the short story through Freud's psychoanalysis with a qualitative approach that emphasizes narration and interpretation, so as to provide deep insight into the personality aspects of the characters in literary works..

This community service program aims to increase children's interest in reading in Tomuan Village, East Siantar District, Pematangsiantar City, through the establishment of a reading corner. This service uses methods that include preparation, implementation and evaluation. The results of the service show that the reading corner received a positive response from the community, with an increase in children's interest in reading, especially towards picture books and short stories. Children who were initially shy became more enthusiastic and began to explore the various books available. The reading corner is also a means of socialization, where children share stories and interact with each other. In conclusion, this program succeeded in creating a supportive reading environment, improving literacy skills, and forming reading habits from an early age. In this way, it is hoped that the reading corner can produce a generation that is intelligent, responsible and ready to face future challenges.

Architectural criticism is not only used on physical buildings but can also be found in literary works, one of which is in the short story entitled Architecture of Silence by Sunggung Raga. The aim of this research is to find architectural criticism contained in short stories using descriptive methods which is a way of solving problems using analyze and read carefully the architectural aspects contained in the short story. Take several short story quotes and explain them into aspects of descriptive criticism, namely static, dynamic and process aspects

The creation of literary works in various genres such as short stories, poetry and even novels cannot be separated from themes related to the development of technology, including internet technology. The novel genre literary work entitled Hi-Fi by Bayu Permana, published in 2019, contains several uses of internet technology in it which will be explained more complexly in this research. In this novel, internet technology as a whole is used as a means to explore information and knowledge in the learning process, as well as as a means of entertainment for playing games, watching streaming broadcasts, downloading videos, accessing social media, and so on. The method used in this research uses a hermeneutic approach, namely by analyzing in more depth several text fragments in the novel related to internet technology. Internet technology findings in the Hi-Fi novel include internet network technology, Wi-Fi, quota or data package, Mi-Fi, and hotspot.

The aim of this research is to describe and determine the social values ​​contained in the short story collection Surat untuk Bapak by Nidhom Khoeron. This research uses two approaches, namely a qualitative descriptive approach and literary sociology. The data collection technique used in this research is listening and taking notes. The data analysis technique used in this research is qualitative. This research data presentation technique uses informal techniques. The results of the research show that there is social value in the short story collection Surat untuk Bapak by Nidhom Khoeron. There are three types of social values, namely compassion, responsibility and harmony of life. The first is the form of the Social Value of Love which includes Devotion, Help, Caring, Kinship and Loyalty. The two forms of Social Responsibility Values ​​include the values ​​of a sense of belonging, Discipline and Empathy. The three forms of social values ​​are harmony of life which include justice, tolerance and cooperation, democracy.

This study aims to provide a description related to learning to develop students' deductive scientific reasoning patterns through novels and short stories of Sherlock Holmes. This research is a quantitative research while the method used is semi-experimental. The quantitative approach used includes the Mann-Whitney test. The conclusions of this study are that: 1) for the Mann-Whitney test on the pre-test scores of the control group and the experimental group it was concluded that before the treatment or treatment the two groups, namely the control and the experiment, had the same ability in mastering students' deductive scientific reasoning; 2) for the Mann-Whitney test on the post-test scores of the control group and the experimental group it was concluded that after the treatment or treatment the two groups, namely the control and the experiment, had different abilities in mastering deductive scientific reasoning. Based on the two tests that there is indeed a difference between the conditions before and after being given treatment or treatment of students' mastery of deductive scientific reasoning through learning Sherlock Holmes novels and short stories.

The syntax is a grammar that can decipher the relationship of language elements to form sentences. The function of syntax is as a container in a syntactic structure that contains certain categories. It can be called subject (S), Predicate (P), Object (O), Complement (COMP), and Adverb (ADV). Phrase analysis in short story texts in Indonesian language books for fourth-grade elementary school independence curriculum. This analysis is a qualitative descriptive analysis of the short story text in the Indonesian language book for the fourth grade of the Independent Curriculum. Phrases are syntactic units cobining of two or more words and do not have clauses that occupy one function. Many do not understand how to divide groups of phrases and the causes of errors. Therefore, this research to classify phrases based on their types, and the causes of phrase errors in short stories texts in Indonesian language books for fourth-grade elementary school independence curriculum. Listening and then recording is a technique that can be done when data collection. The results of this study indicate that there are noun phrases, verb phrases, adjective phrases, numeral phrases, and errors in the use of phrases in short stories sentences. This analysis is expected to better understand and be able to develop the use of phrases in short stories.

The purpose of this research is to describe and find out the moral values ​​contained in the collection of short stories by Ustad Salim Menangis by Budi Maryono. This study uses a qualitative method. The approach used in this study is a qualitative descriptive approach and sociology of literature. The data collection technique used in this study was listening, reading, and taking notes. The technique of presenting research data uses informal techniques. The data analysis technique used in this research is content analysis. The results of the study show that there is a moral value contained in the collection of short stories by Ustad Salim Crying by Budi Maryono. There are three types of moral values, namely the human relationship with oneself, the human relationship with God, and the human relationship with the social sphere and the natural environment. The moral values ​​of human relations with oneself include working hard, promising, having principles, responsibility, managing time, never giving up, awareness, regret, and self-improvement. The moral values ​​of human relations with God include praying, trusting God, worshiping God, second chances from God, sacrifice, and surrender. The moral values ​​of human relations with the social sphere and the natural environment include caring, helping, loving, respecting, family responsibilities, advice, helping each other, establishing hospitality, and mother's love.

This study aims to determine the forms of struggle of female characters in the three-paragraph short story anthology the Way to Market by Indonesian Pentigraf Village. This study uses a descriptive qualitative method with a feminist literary approach. Broadly speaking, feminism is a women's liberation movement. Feminism has several streams, including radical feminism, liberal feminism, Marxist feminism, and socialist feminism. In accordance with the problem to be studied, the theory used is the theory of socialist feminism. Collecting data in this study using documentation techniques and library techniques. The data analysis technique in this study was as follows: reading the entire collection of short stories in the three-paragraph short story anthology That's All the Way to Market by Indonesian Pentigraf Village, marking short story titles related to the problem in research, Re-reading selected short stories, marking the quotations quotes that contain the meaning of the struggle of a woman in the family. After that draw conclusions. The results of this study are as follows: the form of struggle of female figures within the family sphere according to their role as a mother, wife and child. By using the theory of socialist feminism, it can be seen what forms a woman's struggle is seen from her role in the family to create a harmonious family.