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Android continues to innovate, and biometric systems particularly fingerprint sensors must operate with high efficiency. However, the main challenge lies in the communication between hardware and software, which often causes high latency, excessive power consumption, and protocol incompatibility between components. As a result, authentication speed decreases and system stability is compromised, especially on mid- to low-range devices. This study explores various implementations of Android-based fingerprint systems, focusing on how sensor modules interact with the microcontroller or Trusted Execution Environment (TEE) and the operating system through a hardware-software co-design approach to evaluate integration efficiency across all layers. The analysis reveals that conventional protocols such as Bluetooth or serial connections still cause delays, while improvements in drivers and the Hardware Abstraction Layer (HAL) can significantly reduce latency. As a solution, the researchers propose a co-design optimization approach that utilizes data flow normalization within the HAL and adopts lightweight communication protocols to accelerate the verification process. Based on the test results, this approach successfully improves efficiency—authentication time is reduced by up to 35% and power consumption decreases by approximately 15%. Therefore, the efficiency of communication between hardware and software becomes a key factor in enhancing the performance and reliability of fingerprint systems on Android devices.

In the modern era, the need for sophisticated vehicle security systems is increasing along with the high rate of motor vehicle theft. This research designs and implements a fingerprint sensor-based vehicle security system using an Arduino Uno microcontroller. This system aims to improve security by utilizing biometric technology that can only be accessed by verified users. The fingerprint sensor is used to recognize the user's fingerprint, then activate the system through a relay instead of a conventional key. System testing shows a fast response time with an estimated rise time of about 0.5 seconds and settling time of about 2 seconds, without any misidentification (false positive or false negative). Thus, the system is proven to provide higher security, good authentication speed, and ease of use compared to conventional security systems. These results show that the implementation of biometric technology in vehicles has the potential to be widely applied.