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Hypotension following spinal anesthesia is a frequent perioperative complication, particularly among pregnant patients, with an incidence ranging from 60% to 80%. This condition may compromise uteroplacental perfusion and pose serious risks to both mother and fetus. Leg elevation represents a simple, safe, inexpensive, and effective non-pharmacological intervention that functions through gravitational autotransfusion, enhancing venous return and improving cardiac output. This scoping review was conducted using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodology and the PRISMA-ScR framework, guided by the PICO approach. The population included adult patients undergoing spinal anesthesia, with the intervention consisting of elevating the legs at an angle of 20–30° or approximately 30 cm for 10–15 minutes, compared with the standard supine position. Literature searches were performed through PubMed  and Google Scholar, focusing on primary studies published within the last five years. Of the 130 articles identified, 10 met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed descriptively. The findings demonstrate that leg elevation significantly increases systolic and diastolic blood pressure as well as mean arterial pressure (MAP), while reducing the incidence of post-spinal hypotension. The technique also decreases vasopressor requirements without notable adverse effects, particularly in obstetric populations. Based on the available evidence, leg elevation is recommended as an effective and feasible initial non-pharmacological strategy for preventing hypotension after spinal anesthesia, especially in resource-limited clinical settings, with an optimal elevation of 20–30° for 10–15 minutes.

Disasters are global phenomena that continue to increase in both frequency and impact, posing serious challenges to health systems worldwide. One of the crucial components in disaster management is the preparedness of Emergency Medical Services (EMS) during the pre-hospital phase, which determines the speed and effectiveness of the initial medical response. However, multiple studies indicate that EMS preparedness and response capacity remain suboptimal, particularly in areas such as personnel training, intersectoral coordination, communication systems, infrastructure, and policy support. This study aims to map the preparedness and emergency response capacity of EMS in disaster situations using a scoping review approach. The research follows the methodological framework of Arksey and O’Malley (2005), which includes formulating research questions, conducting literature searches, selecting relevant studies, extracting data, and synthesizing findings. Literature searches were conducted through PubMed, ScienceDirect, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar databases. From 114 identified records, 12 studies met the inclusion criteria. The review reveals that EMS disaster preparedness varies across countries. The main factors influencing EMS response capacity include: (1) training and competency development of EMS personnel, (2) effectiveness of interagency coordination and communication, (3) availability of medical facilities and infrastructure, (4) national policy and system support, and (5) the use of technology to enhance response efficiency. This scoping review underscores the need for stronger national policies, improved cross-sectoral coordination, and sustainable capacity-building programs to enhance the effectiveness of EMS in disaster response, particularly in developing countries such as Indonesia.

Anesthesiology and emergency care require rapid and accurate clinical decision-making. Artificial intelligence (AI) offers substantial potential to support triage, monitoring, and decision-making in critical and emergency anesthesiology settings. This scoping review maps the use of AI in clinical decision-making and emergency patient management in anesthesiology and identifies existing research gaps. A literature search was conducted in ScienceDirect, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar for articles in Indonesian or English published between 2020 and 2025. Study selection followed Tricco’s scoping review framework, and methodological quality was assessed using Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) tools. Ten articles met the inclusion criteria. AI was shown to improve triage accuracy and efficiency (predictive accuracy up to 99.1% and reductions in waiting time of around 30%). Machine learning models effectively predicted critical care needs and emergency risk, while AI-based clinical decision support systems (CDSS) enhanced the speed and quality of clinical decisions. Key challenges include data bias, ethical and privacy issues, clinician readiness, and integration with hospital information systems. AI and CDSS have strong potential to improve patient safety and clinical decision-making in emergency anesthesiology. Strengthening AI literacy, supportive regulation, and transparent, context-appropriate predictive models are needed for safe and sustainable implementation.

Intraoperative hypotension, particularly during spinal anesthesia in cesarean sections or major surgeries, is a common complication that can adversely affect maternal hemodynamics and organ perfusion, including fetal circulation. Vasopressors such as norepinephrine, phenylephrine, and ephedrine are widely used to manage this condition. This study employed a scoping review, defined as a type of research synthesis aimed at mapping the literature on a specific topic or field, providing an opportunity to identify key concepts, research gaps, and types and sources of evidence to inform clinical practice, policy-making, and further research. A systematic search was conducted across 10 recent experimental and clinical studies evaluating the effectiveness and safety of vasopressors in adult patients, particularly ASA I–II parturients, during surgical procedures. The results indicate that norepinephrine tends to maintain blood pressure with a lower incidence of tachycardia compared to ephedrine, while phenylephrine effectively prevents systemic vascular resistance decline but may reduce heart rate and cardiac output in a dose-dependent manner. Effects on fetal cerebral perfusion and cerebral oxygenation were generally similar across vasopressors. No significant differences were observed in neonatal Apgar scores or maternal complications. In conclusion, norepinephrine and phenylephrine are effective alternatives for managing intraoperative hypotension, whereas ephedrine increases cardiac output but may elevate the risk of tachycardia. Selecting the appropriate vasopressor is crucial to ensure maternal and neonatal safety.

Hypothermia during surgery is a common occurrence among pediatric patients due to their immature thermoregulation system, higher body surface area-to-weight ratio, and thinner subcutaneous fat layer. This condition can lead to several complications, including increased bleeding, coagulation disorders, surgical wound infections, and delayed healing. Prevention strategies include active and passive warming methods. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of active and passive warming in preventing intraoperative hypothermia in pediatric patients. A scoping review approach was applied to interpret the evidence based on predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria, followed by data exploration, analysis, and synthesis of findings. The results indicate that active warming methods—such as forced-air warming, blanket warming, and warmed intravenous fluids—are more effective than passive warming in maintaining normothermia during surgery. Moreover, combining both approaches provides optimal prevention against hypothermia. Overall, active warming plays a vital role in stabilizing body temperature and enhancing patient safety during pediatric surgery. Therefore, its implementation should be considered a standard practice in perioperative nursing care.

Background: Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) in Indonesia remains a significant health challenge, with the majority of deaths related to preventable pregnancy complications. Empowering pregnant women through increased knowledge and skills in early detection is a key strategy to encourage timely care seeking. Objective: To review and analyze policies and implementation of programs empowering pregnant women in early detection of complications in Indonesia over the past five years (2020–2025), including policy frameworks, implementation models, research findings related to impacts and barriers, and policy recommendations. Methods: A scoping review using the Population-Concept-Context (PCC) approach was conducted. The literature search included scientific publications, national policy documents, and program reports published between 2020–2025. Relevant works included quasi-experimental studies, program reports, and policy documents. Main results: Maternal empowerment programs are driven by national policies to improve maternal health literacy and reduce MMR. Implementation is often integrated into Pregnant Women's Classes (KIH) or through digital media. Educational interventions have shown significant improvements in maternal knowledge of danger signs, but challenges include the low quality and availability of educational materials, as well as issues with outreach to mothers in remote areas. Conclusion: Empowering pregnant women in early detection is an important policy initiative to reduce maternal mortality. However, standardization of the curriculum, strengthening the role of cadres, and increased digital support are needed to ensure equitable reach and effectiveness.

In recognition of the need for sustainable design philosophies and practices that can be incorporated into the design of new products with an environmentally sustainable perspective throughout the life cycle, this research used a scoping review approach to x-ray the utility of the Sustainable Value Framework (SVF) in enhancing the application of reinforced composite products for ecological efficiency. An extensive search was performed using the electronic databases of articles such as PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Semantic Scholar. The study selected and extracted data from the literature according to the PRISMA-SCR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis Extension for Scoping Reviews) to map the current literature for gaps in knowledge. The research studies show that SVF promotes the product design by incorporating characteristics such as environmental, economic, and social factors to attain optimal reduction of resources and sustainable uses of the environmental resources as well as improving the quality of the products. The study discussed the principles of sustainable value creation and their work evaluates new solutions of composite material selection, design method and technology for sustainable products. It also discusses policy drivers as well as industry and consumer practices with regards to reuse of surfaces in sustainable design. This study is beneficial to various stakeholders like the policymakers, the professionals in industries and construction, and the scholars.

Stress and burnout among healthcare workers represent a global crisis with significant implications for psychological and physical health, job performance, and interpersonal skills. These conditions are linked to anxiety, depression, suicidal ideation, substance use, poor quality of life, digestive disorders, and cardiovascular diseases. Burnout is characterized by emotional fatigue, depersonalization, and reduced personal accomplishment, often caused by chronic workplace stress. Factors such as demographics, fatigue, and resilience influence its development and severity. Traditional stress management interventions, such as counselling and leave, often prove insufficient in addressing these challenges. Recent advancements in Artificial Intelligence (AI) provide innovative tools for stress and burnout management, including mobile applications offering mindfulness, meditation, and self-care resources. AI systems like IBM Watson and Google DeepMind are being tested to enhance accessibility and effectiveness in stress management. Additionally, Stress Inoculation Training (SIT), involving methods such as meditation, yoga, cognitive-behavioural therapy, and biofeedback, has been recognized as a proactive approach to mitigating stress. This review explores the factors contributing to stress and burnout in healthcare workers and evaluates interventions aimed at improving well-being and productivity, emphasizing the potential of AI and SIT in preventing and managing these conditions.