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This study aims to describe the representation of love in the character of Indar in the novel Bukan Cinta Monyet by Purnama Teduh based on Erich Fromm’s perspective. This study employs a descriptive qualitative method using a literary psychology approach. The source of this study is the novel Bukan Cinta Monyet, with data consisting of narrative quotations and dialogues related to the representation of love in the character of Indar. Data collection was conducted through reading and note-taking. Data analysis in this study employed content analysis, which includes data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results indicate that Indar’s representation of love, viewed from the perspective of existential needs, encompasses only the needs for relatedness and attachment. Indar’s representation of love demonstrates an orientation toward brotherly love and erotic love. Meanwhile, elements of mature love such as responsibility, care, respect, and knowledge have not been fully realized. Thus, Indar’s representation of love does not yet demonstrate the maturity of love, but rather the consistency of feelings she maintains from adolescence into adulthood.

This study aims to describe the representation of love in the character of Indar in the novel Bukan Cinta Monyet by Purnama Teduh based on Erich Fromm’s perspective. This study employs a descriptive qualitative method using a literary psychology approach. The source of this study is the novel Bukan Cinta Monyet, with data consisting of narrative quotations and dialogues related to the representation of love in the character of Indar. Data collection was conducted through reading and note-taking. Data analysis in this study employed content analysis, which includes data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results indicate that Indar’s representation of love, viewed from the perspective of existential needs, encompasses only the needs for relatedness and attachment. Indar’s representation of love demonstrates an orientation toward brotherly love and erotic love. Meanwhile, elements of mature love such as responsibility, care, respect, and knowledge have not been fully realized. Thus, Indar’s representation of love does not yet demonstrate the maturity of love, but rather the consistency of feelings she maintains from adolescence into adulthood.

Desa Motu is an area that experiences limited internet access due to the unavailability of conventional ISP services and weak cellular signal coverage. This study aims to develop a community-based RT/RW Net network system to provide internet access by utilizing Starlink as the main ISP and distributing connectivity through networking devices such as MikroTik routers, access points, switches, and fiber optic media. Network testing was conducted by measuring download and upload speeds using network testing ap-plications, evaluating connection stability through latency (ping) measurements, and assessing signal coverage at several user locations. The results show that the implemented RT/RW Net network is able to provide a stable internet connection with consistent speeds at different testing times, as well as optimal signal distribution across multiple measurement points. The authentication system using vouchers, PPPoE, hotspot login, and MAC Binding functions properly, and the free educational access feature also operates effectively. These findings indicate that the RT/RW Net–based community network model can serve as an affordable and sustainable solution for expanding internet access in rural areas.

Eukaryotic microorganisms, particularly fungi and protists, play a vital role in ecosystems, as well as in microbiology studies and biology education. The complex structure of eukaryotic cells, such as a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, enables these two groups to perform diverse physiological functions and adapt to their environments. This study aims to synthesize the literature on the structure and function of eukaryotic cells in fungi and protists and their implications for biology learning. The method used is a literature review with a descriptive qualitative approach through analysis of relevant scientific sources. The results of this study indicate that understanding the structure of eukaryotic cells in fungi and protists is not only important in the context of microbiology but also contributes to strengthening understanding of the concept of cell structure and function and making biology learning more contextual and meaningful.

The postpartum period is a crucial phase for mothers to recover after childbirth. One of the common problems is perineal wounds, caused either by episiotomy or spontaneous rupture, which require proper care to prevent infection and accelerate healing. This case study aimed to provide midwifery care for Mrs. M, 28 years old, P3A0H3, with a second-degree perineal wound at PMB Bd. Silvi Ayu, S.Keb. The SOAP approach was applied through assessment, diagnosis, intervention, implementation, and evaluation over five days (June 12–16, 2025). Interventions included education on perineal hygiene, encouragement of nutritious food intake, light mobilization, and perineal wound care using boiled binahong leaves. The results showed decreased pain, reduced edema, a dry wound, and complete healing on the fifth day, with the REEDA score decreasing from 11 to 0. The discussion emphasized that flavonoids, saponins, and ascorbic acid in binahong leaves contribute to tissue regeneration and faster healing. Limitations of this study included the short monitoring period, limited sample, and reliance on maternal compliance. In conclusion, binahong leaf decoction was found to be effective, practical, and able to enhance maternal independence in wound care. This study is expected to serve as a reference for midwifery practice and as a basis for further research with a wider scope.

The increasing integration of internet technology in educational institutions requires structured network governance to ensure that digital resources support academic activities effectively. Unrestricted access to online platforms often leads to non-academic usage such as online gaming and social media engagement during instructional hours, which may reduce learning concentration and degrade network performance. This research develops and evaluates a network access control simulation using a MikroTik RouterBoard RB951Ui-2HnD device. The system applies firewall filtering mechanisms, hotspot-based authentication, and bandwidth allocation strategies through Simple Queue configuration. Network segmentation is implemented to differentiate teacher and student access privileges. The study adopts a Research and Development (R&D) approach to design, configure, test, and evaluate the proposed system. Testing results indicate that the firewall configuration successfully restricts access to selected online games (Mobile Legends, Clash of Clans, Roblox) and social media platforms (YouTube, TikTok, Shopee, Instagram, Telegram). Furthermore, bandwidth management demonstrates effective traffic prioritization, ensuring more stable allocation for teacher accounts in accordance with configured maximum limits. The findings confirm that structured firewall and bandwidth policies can improve network discipline, enhance performance stability, and support a controlled digital learning environment in schools.

This study highlights the role of social media, particularly Instagram, as a digital communication tool to promote and preserve the local culture of Paubokol Village. This village has a unique cultural heritage, but its recognition and appreciation are still limited among people outside the area. By utilizing Instagram as the primary medium, this study focuses on effective digital communication strategies in presenting visual content and cultural narratives. The communication techniques applied include selecting representative images, creating engaging stories, and delivering information interactively to attract a wider audience. The results of this activity indicate that the use of Instagram not only increases public awareness of the cultural values ​​of Paubokol Village but also builds more constructive relationships between local residents and viewers from outside the area. Engaging visual content and informative narratives play a significant role in fostering a higher appreciation of cultural heritage and encouraging support for the preservation and development of the village's potential. This study illustrates how social media can function as a strategic communication tool in promoting local culture, expanding the reach of information, and creating a dynamic space for cultural interaction between the village community and the wider public. These findings open up opportunities for the development of more innovative digital strategies for local cultural preservation.  

This study delves into the philosophical foundations of natural law, contrasting the irrational theories of Thomas Aquinas with the rational perspectives of Hugo Grotius and Immanuel Kant, examining their relevance within Indonesia’s deeply religious and pluralistic context. Aquinas argues that natural law is divinely ordained and serves as a universal moral guide, where law and morality are intrinsically linked. On the other hand, Grotius proposes that while natural law originates from divine will, human reason enables individuals to comprehend it, even without divine revelation. Kant’s philosophy shifts the focus to moral autonomy and the freedom of individuals, emphasizing that legitimate law must be based on principles of universal morality that respect human dignity. In the context of Indonesia, with its diverse religious landscape, integrating these philosophical ideas provides a balanced approach to the interaction between secular law, religious teachings, and moral values. The research adopts a juridical-normative methodology with a conceptual and legislative approach, analyzing secondary legal sources to explore how natural law influences Indonesia's legal system. The findings indicate that while Indonesia's legal system primarily follows positive law, it would benefit from incorporating the moral and spiritual aspects derived from natural law theory. The study concludes that Indonesia’s legal system can achieve a more substantive form of justice by integrating the principles of Aquinas, Grotius, and Kant, thus ensuring a more harmonious blend of legal certainty, moral integrity, and religious principles in the country’s laws.  

This research is motivated by the problem of uneven bandwidth distribution in hotspot internet services at Oey Alycia Resto & Cafe, which negatively affects connection quality for users. The purpose of this study is to design and implement a bandwidth limitation-based hotspot internet system by applying a Fair Usage Policy (FUP) using Mikrotik devices, in order to achieve fair and efficient internet access distribution. The research method includes network requirement analysis, network topology design, Mikrotik RouterOS configuration, and system performance testing through direct observation and user questionnaires. The system implementation involves hotspot user authentication, per-user bandwidth allocation, and automatic speed reduction when data usage exceeds the predefined FUP threshold. The results show that the implemented system effectively limits excessive bandwidth usage by individual users, improves network stability, and ensures equitable internet access for all hotspot users. Furthermore, questionnaire results indicate positive user responses regarding improved internet service quality after the application of FUP. This research implies that the proposed system enhances the effectiveness of hotspot bandwidth management and can serve as a practical solution for public network administrators in optimizing bandwidth usage in a fair and controlled manner.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis strategi pengelolaan arus kas dalam mendukung keberlanjutan usaha kue tradisional dengan mengambil studi kasus pada Toko Roti Ganjel Rel Ambarawa. Pengelolaan arus kas yang efektif merupakan faktor krusial dalam menjaga keberlangsungan usaha kecil dan menengah, khususnya pada industri makanan tradisional yang menghadapi tantangan fluktuasi permintaan musiman dan persaingan dengan produk modern. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif deskriptif dengan pendekatan studi kasus melalui observasi langsung, wawancara mendalam dengan pemilik usaha, serta analisis dokumen keuangan selama periode enam bulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Toko Roti Ganjel Rel Ambarawa menerapkan beberapa strategi kunci dalam pengelolaan arus kas, meliputi sistem pencatatan keuangan harian yang terstruktur, pengelolaan persediaan berbasis permintaan historis, diversifikasi produk untuk menstabilkan pendapatan, serta penerapan kebijakan kredit yang ketat kepada pelanggan. Strategi-strategi tersebut terbukti efektif dalam menjaga likuiditas usaha dengan rasio kas rata-rata sebesar 1,8 dan periode perputaran kas selama 15 hari. Temuan penelitian ini memberikan kontribusi praktis bagi pelaku usaha kue tradisional dalam merancang sistem pengelolaan arus kas yang berkelanjutan serta kontribusi teoretis dalam pengembangan model manajemen keuangan untuk usaha mikro kecil dan menengah sektor kuliner tradisional.

Nephrotic syndrome (NS) is a kidney disorder characterized by massive proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, edema, and hypercholesterolemia, most commonly occurring in children. This disease can be caused by various conditions, such as minimal change disease, FSGS, or lupus nephritis. This case report discusses a 16-year-old boy who experienced nephrotic syndrome with symptoms of swelling throughout his body, accompanied by decreased appetite and a productive cough. The patient presented with complaints of swelling throughout his body that began 7 days after hospitalization and was accompanied by coughing and shortness of breath. A physical examination revealed massive edema, abdominal hypertympany, and shifting dullness. Laboratory tests revealed proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, and decreased serum albumin. Other supporting tests confirmed nephrotic syndrome. The patient received medication therapy including diuretics, corticosteroids in the form of methylprednisolone, and albumin. Nephrotic syndrome in children can develop gradually and requires management that includes steroids, diuretics, and close monitoring of kidney function and electrolytes. Early detection and appropriate treatment can help improve the patient's prognosis.

This community service activity was carried out to overcome the problem of open and uncontrolled internet networks at SMK Islamiyah Serua. This condition poses security risks as well as inefficient bandwidth usage. The solution offered is the implementation of a network gateway system with a user-friendly web-based login portal, so that internet access can be limited only to educators through an authentication mechanism. The implementation method includes needs analysis, system design, implementation using MikroTik RouterOS and HTML/CSS/JavaScript-based web portals, system trials, and socialization to schools. The results showed a significant improvement in network security, bandwidth usage efficiency, and ease of access for teachers. In addition, this activity also increases educators' understanding of the importance of network security in supporting the learning process. The implementation of this system provides sustainable benefits for schools, both from a technical and educational perspective, because it is able to create a safer and more controlled digital environment. Thus, this community service activity not only solves technical problems, but also contributes to improving the quality of educational services at SMK Islamiyah Serua.

Atherosclerosis, as the leading cause of cardiovascular disease, can be triggered by a high-fat diet that causes hyperlipidemia. Fern leaves (Diplazium esculentum) contain various bioactive compounds (alkaloids, phenols, flavonoids, terpenoids) with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential, which are suspected to inhibit the formation of atherosclerotic lesions. This study aims to determine the effect of administering fern leaf extract on the histopathological features of the aorta in Wistar rats induced by a high-fat diet. This laboratory experimental study used 25 male Wistar rats divided into five groups: (A) normal control, (B) negative control (high-fat diet), (C) positive control (high-fat diet + simvastatin), (D) treatment I (high-fat diet + fern leaf extract 600 mg/kgBW), and (E) treatment II (high-fat diet + fern leaf extract 1200 mg/kgBW). The treatment was administered for 21 days. On the 22nd day, the aorta was taken and processed into histopathological preparations using Hematoxylin-Eosin (H&E) staining. The number of foam cells was counted at 400x magnification. Data were analyzed using the One-Way ANOVA test followed by the Tukey test. There were differences in the number of foam cells between groups. The post-hoc test showed a significant difference between group B (high-fat diet) and all other groups (p<0.001). There was no significant difference between group E (extract 1200 mg/kgBW) and group C (simvastatin) (p=0.783), nor between group D (extract 600 mg/kgBW) and group C (p=0.075). Fern leaf extract (Diplazium esculentum) is able to reduce the number of foam cells in the aorta of Wistar rats induced by a high-fat diet.

A high-fat diet can cause hyperlipidemia, which is one of the main risk factors for atherosclerosis. Papaya flowers (Carica papaya L.) contain antioxidants that have the potential to inhibit the development of atherosclerotic lesions. This study aims to determine the effect of papaya flower extract on the histopathological features of the aorta of Wistar rats induced by a high-fat diet. The study design is a posttest only-trial group design. The study sample consisted of 25 male Wistar rats divided into 5 groups with treatment for 21 days. Group A received no treatment. Group B was given high-fat diet consisting of 3 mL of pork fat and 2 g of duck egg yolk. Group C was given high-fat diet and simvastatin 0.18 mg/200 gBW. Groups D and E were given high-fat diet and papaya flower extract 125 mg/kgBW and 250 mg/kgBW, respectively. The parameter used is the histopathological description of the aorta in the form of foam cell formation. The results showed that there were few foam cell in group A. Group B had many foam cells in the tunica intima and media of aorta. Group C, D and E showed a reduction in the number of foam cells. The administration of papaya flower extract (Carica papaya L.) was effective in inhibiting foam cell formation in the aorta of Wistar rats induced by a high-fat diet, with a better effect seen at a dose of 250 mg/kgBW, which was almost comparable to simvastatin.

This study examines the process of religious habituation among congregants at Masjid Jami’ Al-Barokah Yasda, South Jakarta, through the perspective of Peter L. Berger’s theory of social construction. The mosque implements a series of religious programs conducted consistently on a daily basis, including ta’lim, recitation of Rotibul Haddad, congregational shalat tasbih, Yasin Tahlil Barzanji, silaturahmi, and jaulah. This research aims to understand how these programs are designed, implemented, and interpreted so as to shape the religious patterns of the congregation. This study employs a qualitative descriptive approach, with data collected through in-depth interviews with the head of the Mosque Management Board (DKM) and direct observation of religious activities. The findings indicate that religious habituation in this mosque is formed through an interconnected process of social construction: religious programs are formulated by mosque administrators as an expression of religious values and vision (externalization), subsequently carried out on a regular basis until they are accepted as traditions and a collective identity of the mosque (objectivation), and ultimately internalized by congregants as values that shape religious attitudes and consciousness of piety (internalization) in their daily lives.Overall, these religious activities are oriented toward sustaining Rahmatan lil ‘Alamin da‘wah da‘wah that promotes goodness, inner peace, and social benefit for both congregants and the surrounding community. The findings demonstrate that religious habituation, when managed consistently and adaptively, is capable of fostering a living religious culture, strengthening piety, and generating tangible social impacts within an urban religious context.

Human personality is diverse and influences the way people act, think, and interact in daily life. These differences also appear in literature, especially in drama, where characters reveal their traits through dialogue, actions, and conflicts. This study aims to analyze the personality of Othello in William Shakespeare’s Othello using the Big Five Personality Traits (OCEAN). This research employs a qualitative descriptive method with data taken from selected dialogues and monologues that reflect Othello’s personality. The data were categorized into five dimensions: Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Neuroticism. The findings show that Neuroticism (30.77%) is the most dominant trait in Othello’s character, followed by Extraversion (23.08%), Agreeableness (15.38%), Conscientiousness (15.38%), and Openness (15.38%). These traits influence his decisions, relationships, and eventual downfall, indicating that emotional instability and insecurity play a crucial role in the tragic development of the play. This study demonstrates how universal personality traits shape human behavior and conflict in Shakespeare’s drama and shows that modern psychological frameworks can be effectively applied to classical literature.

Knowing about how the influence given by salary, incentives, and benefits on employee performance at the International King Bread Factory is the purpose of this study. The sample consisted of 47 respondents with a saturated sample method with the provision that the employees receive salary, incentives, and also benefits using multiple linear regression analysis. Based on the results of the study, it shows that the first hypothesis stating that Salary (X1) has a partial significant effect on employee performance is not proven and not true, this can be seen at a significant level of 0.723 which is above the tolerance value of 5% or 0.723> 0.05. The second hypothesis stating that Incentives (X2) have a partial significant effect on employee performance is proven and true, this can be seen at a significant level of 0.048 which is below the tolerance value of 5% or 0.048 <0.05. The third hypothesis stating that Allowance (X3) has a partial significant effect on employee performance is proven and true, this can be seen at a significant level of 0.000 which is below the tolerance value of 5% or 0.000 <0.05. Meanwhile, the fourth hypothesis stating that Salary (X1), Incentive (X2), and Allowance (X3) simultaneously have a significant effect on employee performance (Y) is also proven and true, this can be seen at a significant level of 0.001 which is below the tolerance value of 5% or 0.001 <0.05.

Abstract. This study analyzed the effectiveness and impact of extracurricular programs at SMP Nurul Huda in Bogor Regency, Indonesia, aiming to identify areas for improvement in fostering holistic student development.  The research employed a qualitative approach, gathering data through interviews with eleven students and one teacher, supplemented by direct observation of extracurricular activities and document review.  Findings revealed that the effectiveness of the four extracurricular programs (scouting, pencak silat, flag raising team, and archery) was moderate, indicating significant room for improvement.  Interviews with students and teachers highlighted the need for enhanced performance in competitions, more structured evaluation methods, and increased oversight from school administration.  To optimize the programs' impact, the study recommends improvements in student performance, more robust evaluation systems, stronger administrative oversight, enhanced resources, and professional development for instructors.  These changes would better support the holistic development of students and contribute to a more effective extracurricular program.   Keywords: effectiveness , extracurricular activities, students   Abstrak. Penelitian ini menganalisis efektivitas dan dampak program ekstrakurikuler di SMP Nurul Huda, Kabupaten Bogor, Indonesia, dengan tujuan mengidentifikasi area peningkatan untuk pengembangan holistik siswa.  Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif, mengumpulkan data melalui wawancara dengan sebelas siswa dan satu guru, dilengkapi dengan observasi langsung kegiatan ekstrakurikuler dan peninjauan dokumen.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa efektivitas empat program ekstrakurikuler (pramuka, pencak silat, paskibra, dan panahan) berada pada tingkat sedang, yang mengindikasikan adanya ruang yang signifikan untuk perbaikan.  Wawancara dengan siswa dan guru menyoroti perlunya peningkatan prestasi dalam kompetisi, metode evaluasi yang lebih terstruktur, dan pengawasan yang lebih ketat dari pihak sekolah.  Untuk mengoptimalkan dampak program, penelitian ini merekomendasikan peningkatan prestasi siswa, sistem evaluasi yang lebih kuat, pengawasan administrasi yang lebih efektif, peningkatan sumber daya, dan pengembangan profesional bagi instruktur.  Perubahan-perubahan ini akan lebih mendukung pengembangan holistik siswa dan berkontribusi pada program ekstrakurikuler yang lebih efektif.   Kata kunci: efektivitas, ekstrakurikuler, siswa  

Diabetic nephropathy is a chronic complication resulting from hyperglycemia, which triggers oxidative stress and inflammation, leading to progressive structural and functional kidney damage. Orange peel and Aloe vera contain bioactive compounds with antioxidant and antifibrotic properties that may protect the kidneys from diabetes induced injury. Nanoemulsion delivery systems can enhance the bioavailability of these extracts in the body. This experimental study aimed to analyze the nephroprotective effects of orange peel and Aloe vera nanoemulsion in a diabetic nephropathy rat model, including glomerular morphology and kidney function. A post-test only control group design was used on Wistar rats divided into five groups: positive control, negative control, and three treatment groups receiving varying nanoemulsion doses. Glomerular structure was evaluated by assessing the number of glomeruli exhibiting synechiae and analyzed using the Kruskal–Wallis test due to non-normal data distribution, yielding p=0.2387 (p>0.05), indicating no significant differences among groups. Urea levels were elevated above normal, whereas creatinine levels remained within normal limits. Although not statistically significant, the treatment groups demonstrated nephroprotective tendencies, shown by improvements in glomerular synechiae in the diabetic nephropathy model.

Aktivitas ekonomi mempunyai hubungan yang erat dengan transaksi antara entitas ekonomi, yang terkadang menyebabkan sengketa. Dalam konteks ekonomi syariah, sengketa muncul karena perselisihan antara pelaku ekonomi yang berbisnis berdasarkan hukum ekonomi syariah terkait hak atau kepentingan. Sengketa ini bisa diputus dengan instrumen hukum yang berbagai, baik litigasi di pengadilan agama maupun metode non-litigasi seperti negosiasi, mediasi, dan konsiliasi. Penyelesaian sengketa di pengadilan agama bertujuan agar terjaminlah keadilan dan keteguhan hukum sesuai prinsip syariah. Namun, dengan semakin meningkatnya tuntutan keadilan, penyelesaian sengketa melalui pengadilan relatif lama dan kurang efektif, maka alternatif penyelesaian di luar pengadilan semakin relevan. Negosiasi sebagai salah satu proses tawar-menawar dalam sengketa ekonomi syariah sangat memfokuskan pada persiapan dan komunikasi efektif kedua belah pihak. Salah satu penyebab sengketa ekonomi pada ekonomi syariah adalah wanprestasi dalam transaksi jual beli, terutama transaksi tanah. Oleh karena itu, regulasi ekonomi syariah yang mengatur prinsip keadilan dan keseimbangan hak dan kewajiban sangatlah perlu untuk menyelesaikan sengketa tersebut secara adil dan damai. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggali penerapan regulasi ekonomi syariah dalam penyelesaian sengketa wanprestasi, khususnya yang berhubungan dengan sengketa tanah, dengan mengidentifikasi metode penyelesaian sengketa yang sesuai dalam hukum Islam dan hukum positif Indonesia. Penelitian ini diharapkan memberikan wawasan mengenai relevansi dan penerapan hukum Islam dalam menyelesaikan sengketa ekonomi syariah, serta menyoroti pentingnya penyelesaian sengketa melalui metode yang mengedepankan keadilan dan perdamaian.