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The purpose of this study is to analyze Mohammed Ghaly's thoughts from a theological and legal perspective on disability and its implications for social inclusion. This research uses a qualitative approach based on literature studies with in-depth analysis of primary Islamic sources such as the Qur'an, hadith, and tafsir, kalam, and fiqh literature from various periods. Ghaly seeks to reveal the normative attitude of this religion towards persons with disabilities and its implications for social inclusion. The analysis utilizes contemporary disability studies to examine Ghaly's concepts in Islamic theology and law regarding the inherent nature and fundamental rights of persons with disabilities. However, he also emphasizes the need for new interpretations and contextualizations of this textual heritage based on the values of justice, inclusion, and empowerment. The findings of this study show that there is a stigma associated with disability due to the conflict between Islamic idealism and social reality. Nevertheless, the main principles and laws of Islam provide strong normative guidance for the dignity of persons with disabilities.

The purpose of this study is to analyze Mohammed Ghaly's thoughts from a theological and legal perspective on disability and its implications for social inclusion. This research uses a qualitative approach based on literature studies with in-depth analysis of primary Islamic sources such as the Qur'an, hadith, and tafsir, kalam, and fiqh literature from various periods. Ghaly seeks to reveal the normative attitude of this religion towards persons with disabilities and its implications for social inclusion. The analysis utilizes contemporary disability studies to examine Ghaly's concepts in Islamic theology and law regarding the inherent nature and fundamental rights of persons with disabilities. However, he also emphasizes the need for new interpretations and contextualizations of this textual heritage based on the values of justice, inclusion, and empowerment. The findings of this study show that there is a stigma associated with disability due to the conflict between Islamic idealism and social reality. Nevertheless, the main principles and laws of Islam provide strong normative guidance for the dignity of persons with disabilities.

This study discusses the position of persons with disabilities, especially those with mental and intellectual disabilities, in carrying out legal actions following the judicial review of Article 433 of the Civil Code through the Constitutional Court Decision Number 93/PUU-XX/2022. Prior to this amendment, Article 433 of the Civil Code used discriminatory terms and automatically placed persons with disabilities under guardianship, thereby eliminating their legal capacity as independent legal subjects. This Constitutional Court decision changed the phrase "must be guarded" to "can be guarded" and emphasized that the placement of guardianship can only be made based on a competent medical diagnosis. The research method used is normative juridical through a statutory approach and court decisions. The results of the study show that the change in norms restores the constitutional rights of persons with disabilities, including the right to autonomy, equality before the law, and protection from discrimination. In addition, this change directly affects the requirements for capacity in making agreements according to Article 1320 of the Civil Code, so that persons with mental disabilities who have the capacity are still considered capable of acting. Therefore, this decision is an important step in realizing a legal system that is more inclusive, just and respects the dignity of people with disabilities.

The case of serial rape committed by I Wayan Agus Suartama, a man with a disability, raises complex debates about punishment and the rights of persons with disabilities. This research aims to analyze the criminalization of the criminal case of rape from the perspective of criminal law and the rights of persons with disabilities in Indonesia. The research method used is juridical-normative research by analyzing cases and interviews with legal experts and disability activists. The results showed that the criminalization of the case had not been adequately considered and considered the rights of persons with disabilities and needed improvement in terms of accessibility, education and awareness about disability. This research recommends improvements to criminal law and policies for the protection of persons with disabilities to promote social justice and equality.  

This article examines the importance of creating an inclusive workplace for persons with disabilities from the perspective of the encyclical Laborem Exercens, which emphasizes the value and dignity of human beings in the context of work. Pope John Paul II asserts that work is a fundamental right of every individual, including persons with disabilities, enabling them to fully participate in society and develop their potential through employment. The aim of this article is to explore how the principles of Laborem Exercens can be implemented to create a fair, flexible, and accommodating workplace for persons with disabilities. The methodology employed in this article involves a literature review of the texts of Laborem Exercens and various sources related to inclusive policies, physical adjustments, and the use of assistive technologies in the workplace. This article also highlights the importance of collaboration among governments, companies, and communities as a key factor in establishing productive and empowering workplaces for persons with disabilities. Providing accessible facilities, flexible policies, and awareness training for managers and colleagues are proposed as concrete steps to realize an inclusive workplace. Achieving an inclusive work environment requires a collective commitment to respecting the dignity and rights of persons with disabilities, which, in turn, will improve their quality of life and contribute to the overall welfare of society. Implementing the values outlined in Laborem Exercens represents a significant step toward a more just, equitable, and inclusive working world.

Persons with disabilities represent a diverse segment of society, facing unique challenges in accessing public services such as education, healthcare, and employment. In response, Indonesia ratified the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) through Law No. 19 of 2011, which serves to promote, protect, and ensure equal rights and fundamental freedoms for individuals with disabilities. This commitment led to the enactment of Law No. 8 of 2016, replacing an earlier, more compassionate framework with one emphasizing equality and the protection of rights for persons with disabilities. The law defines individuals with disabilities as those facing long-term physical, intellectual, mental, or sensory limitations and emphasizes the necessity of special protections to uphold their rights and prevent discrimination. The method used in this study is a normative legal research method. This study evaluates the effectiveness of disability rights protection policies in Indonesia, revealing significant challenges despite the legal framework established by Law No. 19 of 2011. Access to education, healthcare, and employment remains limited due to inadequate facilities, discriminatory practices, and social stigma. Effective solutions require strengthening the legal framework, increasing awareness, and involving the disability community in policy planning. Furthermore, robust monitoring and enforcement mechanisms are essential for safeguarding rights. To enhance protections, improved coordination among ministries, ongoing training for service providers, inclusive education practices, and recognition of employers who hire individuals with disabilities are critical. These measures are vital for fostering a more equitable society and ensuring the rights of persons with disabilities are upheld sustainably.

Article 27 letters (g) and (h) of the 2006 Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities regulates that state parties must employ persons with disabilities in the government sector and promote employment for persons with disabilities in the private sector through appropriate policies and measures which may include concrete action programs, incentives and other steps. Based on data from the Ministry of Manpower in 2021 and 2022, less than 1% of people with disabilities can work in the public and private sectors. The main problems in this research are: How is Article 27 of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities 2006 implemented in Law Number 8 of 2016 concerning Persons with Disabilities; What is the solution to the weakness in implementing Article 27 of the 2006 Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities in Law Number 8 of 2016 concerning Persons with Disabilities. The theories used in this research are the theory of monism and the theory of legal positivism.The type of research used in this research is normative legal research. Normative legal research is a process of finding legal rules, legal principles and legal doctrines to answer the legal issues faced. This research focuses on legal synchronization, namely examining the harmony of positive law (legislation) so that it does not conflict based on the hierarchy of laws and regulations.The results of this research are that the implementation of Article 27 of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities 2006 in Law Number 8 of 2016 concerning Persons with Disabilities has weaknesses, where none of this law regulates sanctions for the government, regional governments, State-Owned Enterprises, Regional-Owned Enterprises and private companies that do not meet the quota for disabled workers as regulated in Article 53 of Law Number 8 of 2016 concerning Persons with Disabilities. Therefore, the government needs to formulate government regulations as soon as possible as implementing regulations for Law Number 8 of 2016 concerning Persons with Disabilities, so that there is legal clarity and certainty, especially for law enforcers and people with disabilities.

Public transportation is one of the transportation media that is very necessary for the community and the government to minimize the use of private transportation as well as congestion that is becoming more and more common in big cities in Indonesia. The use of public transportation is carried out by the government through State-Owned Enterprises (BUMN) and Privately-Owned Enterprises (BUMS) through land, sea and air transportation. Public transportation in the past 1 (one) decade has become the main center of attention for the central and regional governments in order to minimize the accident rate on public transportation and make various policies to protect passengers and their heirs if unwanted things happen. So far, many students do not know the responsibilities of carriers in public transportation, therefore it is necessary to do community service in the form of outreach to increase the understanding of MA NU Mranggen students regarding the responsibilities of carriers in public transportation. This service is carried out by means of lectures and direct questions and answers and evaluation by distributing questionnaires before and after the activity is carried out. This service is carried out by an implementation team consisting of 1 (one) chairperson, and 2 (two) members. The implementation team is lecturers at the Faculty of Law, University of Semarang who are competent in mastering material regarding the responsibilities of carriers in commercial transport. The results of the dedication which took the theme of the rights of persons with disabilities, based on an average increase of 70.0%.

The reason of this research is the concern of persons with disabilities who demand their rights to be able to carry out their daily activities comfortably and easily accessible. Therefore, this article aims to help people with disabilities to get their rights with in-depth research on how good and equitable infrastructure is for people, especially people with disabilities. The data source for this research is the conclusion of several articles and journals that contain Accessibility and Infrastructure for Persons with Disabilities. The results are in the form of a discussion of the infrastructure itself and how good facilities are for persons with disabilities. The suggestions and recommendations that we can provide are optimizing, maximizing, maintaining, and repairing existing infrastructure in the environment and making it comfortable for persons with disabilities.