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Background: The development of modern manufacturing systems requires production scheduling strategies that not only improve productivity but also optimize energy utilization. Multi-machine production systems with job-shop configurations exhibit high complexity due to dynamic interactions between machines, job queues, and varying processing times, making conventional scheduling methods less effective in handling changing operational conditions. Objective: This study aims to develop and evaluate a reinforcement learning based production scheduling approach to improve production efficiency while reducing energy consumption in multi-machine manufacturing systems. Methods: This research employs a job-shop based multi-machine production simulation model as the experimental environment. The scheduling problem is formulated as a Markov Decision Process, enabling the implementation of reinforcement learning algorithms, namely Q-learning and Deep Q-Network, to learn optimal scheduling policies through interaction with the simulation environment. Energy consumption parameters are incorporated into the reward function so that the learning agent can consider energy efficiency in the scheduling decision-making process. System performance is evaluated using three main metrics, namely energy consumption, throughput, and makespan. Results: The experimental results show that the reinforcement learning based scheduling approach achieves better performance compared to conventional scheduling methods, resulting in lower energy consumption, higher job completion rates, and shorter production completion times within the multi-machine manufacturing system.

This article delves into the application of gamification in Islamic Religious Education (IRE) for primary school students, focusing on its impact on motivation, emotional engagement, and learning psychology. It offers a systematic review of relevant studies, evaluating both the positive outcomes and challenges of using gamification in IRE. A thorough library research approach was used, drawing from academic journals, books, and conference papers. Key databases like Google Scholar, JSTOR, and ERIC were searched to identify studies published between 2010 and 2025. Studies that met specific criteria relevance to the topic, educational level, and a focus on gamification, motivation, emotional engagement, and learning psychology were selected. The findings suggest that gamification in IRE can significantly enhance student motivation, emotional engagement, and learning outcomes. Elements such as rewards, challenges, and interactive activities help create a positive learning environment, promoting better retention and understanding of Islamic teachings. Emotional engagement is particularly heightened when gamification is tailored to the cultural and religious contexts of the students, fostering a deeper connection to the material. The study emphasizes that incorporating gamification in IRE could enhance the overall educational experience for primary students, boosting their motivation and emotional involvement in learning. It also highlights the importance of designing gamified content that is culturally relevant and contextually appropriate to maximize the positive effects on student learning. The study recommends that educators, curriculum developers, and policymakers consider using gamification to improve the quality of Islamic education in primary schools.

The paradigm of Islamic education requires the integration of Western learning theories with an Islamic perspective to create a holistic approach to education. With the rapid development of psychological theories in education, such as behaviorism, cognition, humanism, and constructivism, it is essential to examine their relevance within the context of Islamic education. This article aims to analyze the integration of these theories in Islamic learning, with a focus on their connection to key Islamic concepts such as reward-punishment (pahala-dosa), reflection (tafakkur), self-actualization, mutual assistance (ta'awun), and consultation (syura). This study uses a literature review method with a qualitative approach. Articles were gathered through Google Scholar and Publish or Perish with keywords "Behaviorism in Islamic Education" AND "Cognitive Learning in Islam" AND "Humanistic Approach in Islamic Education" AND "Constructivism in Islamic Education." Of the initial 40 articles obtained, a screening process resulted in 5 articles that met the publication criteria (2020–2025), relevance to the topic, and open access. The review results show that integrating these theories into Islamic education can enrich the learning process by linking moral, social, and spiritual elements that are essential in Islamic teachings. This literature synthesis reveals the importance of integrating psychological theories with the principles of Islamic education to create a more comprehensive and holistic educational system. Further research should develop empirical methodologies and more detailed and practical application models in Islamic education practice.

The high level of job dissatisfaction reported by 41% of workers in Indonesia poses a serious challenge for companies, as it can potentially increase turnover and decrease productivity. This phenomenon underscores the importance for PT Nanda Putra, as a company operating in a competitive industry, to identify factors that enhance job satisfaction. This research aims to analyze the influence of organizational justice, work environment, and rewards on job satisfaction. This study utilized a quantitative approach with a causal-associative design and included 80 respondents chosen through simple random sampling. Primary data were gathered through a Likert-scale questionnaire and analysed using multiple linear regression with the aid of SPSS software. The results of the analysis show that organizational justice, work environment, and rewards collectively exert a significant positive effect on job satisfaction (p < 0.05). Based on these findings, it is recommended that the company strengthen procedural and informational justice, improve the safety and comfort of the work environment, and implement a fair and meaningful reward system as strategic measures to enhance job satisfaction.

The growth of coffee shop businesses in Semarang has accelerated in line with the rising coffee consumption trend among younger generations. In this context, employees play a crucial role in ensuring service quality. However, job dissatisfaction triggered by work-related stress and excessive service load remains a significant challenge. This study aims to examine the influence of occupational strain, service load, reward fairness, supervisory support, and work-life balance on job satisfaction among coffee shop employees in Semarang. A quantitative approach was used through a survey method, utilizing a questionnaire distributed via Google Form. A total of 100 respondents from various coffee shops in Semarang were selected using a census technique. The results revealed that occupational strain and service load have a negative and significant effect on job satisfaction. Meanwhile, reward fairness, supervisory support, and work-life balance have a positive and significant impact on job satisfaction. These findings offer valuable insights for coffee shop owners in developing effective human resource strategies that promote employee wellbeing and maintain high service quality.

This study aims to implement and evaluate the effectiveness of a learning module designed for X grade students (Phase E) at SMAN 4 Palangkaraya, focusing on the Christian values of love, justice, and tolerance within the framework of the Merdeka Curriculum. The implementation involved classroom teaching using lectures, group discussions, and quizzes to foster active and meaningful learning experiences. The objectives included ensuring students' understanding of the core values, developing their ability to articulate these values, and achieving a minimum score on quizzes. The methodology included direct teaching, observation of student responses and engagement, and evaluation of learning outcomes through cognitive and affective assessments. Findings revealed that 90% of students actively participated in discussions, and all groups engaged in answering quiz questions. The use of rewards notably enhanced student enthusiasm and participation. Despite the overall success, some students did not achieve the highest performance level. The implications suggest that integrating technology into the learning process and thorough preparation of teaching materials are crucial for enhancing student outcomes. This study contributes to the understanding of how Christian values can be effectively integrated into the curriculum to promote holistic student development, aligning with the Pancasila Student Profile, which emphasizes faith, moral integrity, global diversity, and collaboration.                                                                     

This community service program aims to improve Arabic language skills through creative learning strategies based on educational games designed for the learning aspects of maharah istima', kalam, qira'ah, kitabah, and qawa'id learning. Mastery of maharah al-'arabiyah at the Madrasah Aliyah level still faces various obstacles. Mainly low learning motivation, lack of method variation, and dominated by textual learning approaches. This activity was carried out at the Madrasah Aliyah Swasta Terpadu Permata Umat, Trenggalek using qualitative methods through observation, interviews, direct mentoring, and documentation of student activities during the training process. The results of this community service program show that the implementation of educational games such as matching games, interactive dialogues, istima' habits, kitabah habits, roleplay games, guessing games, and grammar materials (nahwu and sharaf) combined with a reward system can foster and increase active participation, courage to speak, and increase student motivation in learning Arabic. This activity emphasizes that educational games are an effective approach in improving Arabic language competency in the madrasah environment.

This community service program aims to improve Arabic language skills through creative learning strategies based on educational games designed for the learning aspects of maharah istima', kalam, qira'ah, kitabah, and qawa'id learning. Mastery of maharah al-'arabiyah at the Madrasah Aliyah level still faces various obstacles. Mainly low learning motivation, lack of method variation, and dominated by textual learning approaches. This activity was carried out at the Madrasah Aliyah Swasta Terpadu Permata Umat, Trenggalek using qualitative methods through observation, interviews, direct mentoring, and documentation of student activities during the training process. The results of this community service program show that the implementation of educational games such as matching games, interactive dialogues, istima' habits, kitabah habits, roleplay games, guessing games, and grammar materials (nahwu and sharaf) combined with a reward system can foster and increase active participation, courage to speak, and increase student motivation in learning Arabic. This activity emphasizes that educational games are an effective approach in improving Arabic language competency in the madrasah environment.

This internship report examines the issue of attendance non-compliance among sales employees at PT. Majesty Enerbion Nusantara (PT MEN) and the efforts to improve it through the implementation of a reward and punishment–based system. The main issues identified include inconsistent attendance records, inaccurate presence data, weak supervision, and irregular clock-in and clock-out times. Through field observations, interviews, and analysis of attendance documents, a comprehensive understanding of the underlying causes of non-compliance was obtained. Based on these findings, a new attendance Standard Operating Procedure (SOP), workflow flowchart, and field attendance form were designed as supporting solutions. Implementation was carried out through procedure socialization, pilot testing of the reward and punishment system, and evaluation of data before and after implementation. The results show a significant improvement in punctuality, attendance consistency, and data accuracy, with all sales employees achieving 100% compliance during the evaluation period. This program has proven effective in strengthening work discipline, enhancing HR administrative efficiency, and improving the company’s overall industrial relations quality.

This study aims to analyze the critical role of leadership in improving employee motivation at Arabela Beauty Salon in Sikka Regency. The problems identified include employees who still lack enthusiasm in their work, low discipline, and limited initiative in providing service to customers, which affects overall service quality. This research employs a descriptive qualitative approach, using data collection techniques such as interviews, observations, and documentation. The results indicate that leadership at Arabela Beauty Salon plays a significant role in enhancing employee motivation by providing clear direction, maintaining open communication, and offering attention as well as support to employees. However, the reward system and performance evaluation processes still need improvement to further encourage employees in achieving optimal service targets and high-quality outcomes. Thus, the application of an effective, participative leadership style can significantly improve employee motivation, which in turn leads to better service delivery and increased customer satisfaction.

This study aims to analyze learning motivation from an Islamic perspective through the integration of spiritual values, including intention (niyyah), sincerity (ikhlas), and divine reward (pahala). Unlike modern motivation theories that emphasize psychological aspects, Islam views learning as an act of worship that carries spiritual merit and divine blessing. This research employs a qualitative approach using the literature review method, conducted through the collection of scientific articles from Google Scholar and Publish or Perish databases published between 2020 and 2025. Five relevant articles were selected for in-depth analysis. The results reveal that learning motivation in Islam is not only influenced by cognitive and external factors but also by spiritual drives rooted in pure intentions, sincerity in action, and belief in divine reward. The integration of these three elements forms a holistic model of learning motivation that combines intellectual, moral, and spiritual dimensions. Therefore, Islamic education should embed the values of intention, sincerity, and reward as the foundation for fostering meaningful and spiritually oriented learning motivation among students.

This study aims to describe and analyze the factors that influence employee job satisfaction at PT Trans Jaya Papua by employing a qualitative descriptive method supported by observation and semi-structured interviews with 12 employees across different departments. The findings reveal that job satisfaction arises from a combination of internal and external factors that interact to shape employees’ overall perceptions of their work. Internal factors consist of individual attitudes, motivation, and the quality of interpersonal relationships, all of which determine how employees respond to daily tasks and workplace dynamics. External factors include leadership style, salary, work environment, and organizational support, each playing a crucial role in shaping employees’ sense of stability and fairness. The results highlight that positive work attitudes and effective communication are the most dominant contributors to employee satisfaction, strengthened by adequate compensation and supportive supervision from leaders. The study concludes that job satisfaction can be further improved through transparent communication, equitable reward systems, and consistent leadership involvement in employee development. These findings provide practical implications for management, particularly in formulating more responsive human resource strategies aimed at enhancing employee performance and organizational effectiveness.

This study aims to analyze consumer behavior towards two ready-to-drink beverage brands, Wedrink and Mixue, in Kudus Regency, as well as the psychological, social, and cultural factors that influence consumer preferences. The method used is descriptive quantitative with 26 respondents aged <18 to >27 years, selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected using a 20-item Likert scale questionnaire and in-depth interviews. The results show that consumer preferences are influenced by the taste of the drink, ease of access, price/promotion, as well as social and social media influence. The consumption of trendy drinks like Wedrink and Mixue not only satisfies physiological needs but also serves as a means of self-reward, relaxation, and social identity affirmation. Consumers tend to choose Mixue due to its ease of access and greater number of outlets, while Wedrink attracts attention with its distinctive flavor variants and unique experience. This study shows that the behavior of young consumers is influenced by a combination of rational, emotional, and symbolic factors, with social media playing a significant role in shaping brand perceptions and preferences. These findings provide insights for producers in designing marketing strategies that consider the social and emotional dimensions of consumers.

This study aims to describe the nature of children from an Islamic educational perspective. This study uses a library research method by examining various relevant literature, including classical texts, the Qur'an, hadiths, and contemporary scientific works that discuss the concept of children in Islam. The results of the study indicate that children, from an Islamic perspective, have a very noble and strategic position, encompassing six main aspects. First, children are seen as a trust from Allah SWT. Second, children are a potential that needs to be developed. Third, children function as the next generation and bearers of the future of the community. Fourth, children have the right to receive a good and proper education. Fifth, children are positioned as subjects who have rights and roles in social life, not just objects of education. Sixth, children are also a source of happiness and well-being for their families and their surroundings. In the context of Islamic education, there are several methods that can be applied to educate children, including the method of role model, reward and punishment, the story method, and the advice method. These four methods play an important role in shaping children's character, faith, and morals in accordance with Islamic values. Understanding the nature of children in Islamic education is the main basis for building a generation that is faithful, has noble morals, and is responsible for themselves, their families, and society.

In an era of increasingly intense business competition, an organization's success heavily depends on the quality of individual performance within it. Achieving optimal performance becomes key in realizing organizational goals. In the golf industry, the role of service staff, particularly caddies, is vital as the frontline service that directly interacts with customers. This ongoing research aims to analyze the influence of performance management systems on employee performance of golf caddies at Senayan golf Club. Using a quantitative approach, this research involved 167 respondents and employed multiple regression analysis. The research results show that goal setting, performance feedback, performance assessment, and rewards have a significant positive effect on employee performance, while training has a positive but low significant effect. Meanwhile, the simultaneous influence of independent variables positively affects employee performance. The implications of this research demonstrate the importance of developing a comprehensive performance management system focusing on goal setting, feedback, performance assessment, training, and effective reward systems

This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the reward program in improving employee loyalty and work discipline at Bank Mandiri. The research employs a qualitative descriptive approach using the literature study method, through the collection and analysis of secondary data obtained from official Bank Mandiri reports, academic journals, labor regulations, and media articles related to human resource management policies. The findings reveal that the implementation of both financial rewards (competitive salaries, performance-based bonuses, and welfare benefits) and non-financial rewards (recognition, promotions, and career development programs) has a positive impact on enhancing employee loyalty and work discipline. A fair, transparent, and sustainable reward system fosters a sense of belonging, strengthens affective commitment, and cultivates a productive and professional work culture. Moreover, the data indicate a decline in disciplinary violations over the past three years, demonstrating the effectiveness of the reward system as a form of positive reinforcement. This study highlights the importance of reward policies as a strategic instrument in human resource management and recommends that companies continuously adapt their reward systems to align with employee needs and the evolving work environment.

This study examines the effect of employee competency development, performance evaluation, and remuneration on employee performance at the Religious Affairs Offices (KUA) in West Jakarta. As a public institution responsible for delivering administrative and community religious services, KUA faces challenges in ensuring effective human resource performance amid bureaucratic constraints and limited performance-based incentives. The study aims to analyze how the three human resource management (HRM) dimensions competency development, evaluation, and remuneration affect overall employee performance. A quantitative explanatory research design was employed using a structured questionnaire distributed to 120 employees across eight KUA offices. Data were analyzed using multiple linear regression supported by descriptive and classical assumption tests. The results indicate that performance evaluation and remuneration have significant positive effects on employee performance, while competency development shows a positive but statistically insignificant effect. The model explains 49% of the variation in employee performance, suggesting that transparent evaluation systems and performance-based remuneration play a greater role than training programs alone in improving public service effectiveness. The findings contribute to strategic HRM theory by confirming that evaluation and reward mechanisms strengthen the link between competency and performance. It is concluded that integrating developmental, evaluative, and compensatory functions within a unified HR framework can enhance productivity and accountability in Indonesia’s public sector institutions.

This research looks at why freelance event crews think about leaving Maharagung Organizer by focusing on two things: the rewards they receive and the punishments they face in a project-based setup. The core issue is that crews feel dissatisfied when rewards are unclear or rarely given, while discipline rules can feel uneven, so the goal is to see whether these practices actually change how much people want to quit. The study uses a simple survey design and analyzes the results with a PLS model in SmartPLS after checking that the questions reliably measure reward, punishment, and turnover intention, and it includes everyone active and reachable during the data phase. The results point one way: fair, transparent rewards help people want to stay, while discipline does more to set standards than to keep people from leaving; taken together, that means rewards carry most of the weight for retention, and punishments mostly support order and safety. The bottom line for managers is to make rewards predictable, tied to performance, and clearly communicated, then keep discipline fair and consistent in the background so crews feel respected and choose to keep taking future event offers.

Forgiveness is a challenging process that requires effort and mental streangth as it inovoles complex emotions influenced by external factors. Some group may act harmfully due to unresolved past grievances. While many religious teach selflessness and geniune forgiveness, people often forgive without real intent, wich can lead to continude unhappiness. Studies show that forgiveness can enhance mental helath by reducing feelings like anger and anxiety. Islamic teachings higlight forgiveness’s role in personal and social well-being, lingking it to rewards from Allah and happiness. The study uses the Scopus and PubMed database to analyze research on forgiveness in psychology from 2020to 2025. A total of 2,136 articles on this topic were found. The research offers insights for policymakers and emphasizes the importance of international partnerships for further studies in this area. It also aims to assess research quality, guiding future policies and funding. Overall, this bibliometric analysis effectively identifies research gaps in the field.

An organization's inability to build employee loyalty amidst competitive business pressures can have a direct impact on productivity, operational efficiency, and the retention of key talent. This study aims to analyze the role of job satisfaction as a key mediator in increasing employee loyalty at PT. Dua Kelinci. This study used a quantitative approach with a survey method by distributing questionnaires to a total of 190 active employees of PT. Dua Kelinci. Data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling based on Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS). The results showed that Motivation, job stress, and job satisfaction were proven to have a significant effect on employee loyalty, while the work environment, workload, and work rewards did not have a significant direct effect. However, the job satisfaction variable was able to significantly mediate the relationship between Motivation, job stress, work environment, and workload on employee loyalty, but did not significantly influence employee loyalty through job satisfaction. These findings confirm that job satisfaction is not only the result of good working conditions, but also a key factor in building and strengthening employee loyalty indirectly. Practically, this study provides an important contribution to companies in designing strategies to increase employee loyalty. Theoretically, this study enriches the literature on mediation mechanisms in employee behavior models, particularly in the context of the manufacturing industry.