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The death penalty remains a topic of ongoing debate from legal, moral, and religious perspectives. In Indonesia, the death penalty is still applied for certain serious crimes; however, its implementation is questioned because it is considered to conflict with the fundamental human right to life. From the perspective of Christian ethics, this issue becomes more complex as it relates to the understanding of life as a gift from God and the principles of justice and forgiveness. The Old Testament contains provisions for the death penalty as a means of upholding law and maintaining the holiness of the community, while the New Testament emphasizes love, restoration, and the opportunity for repentance through the example of Jesus Christ. This study aims to analyze how Christian ethics views the death penalty by examining the balance between justice and forgiveness as taught in Scripture. The method used in this research is literature review and conceptual analysis of biblical texts and theological sources. The findings indicate that Christian ethics does not merely reject or accept the death penalty, but directs toward an understanding of justice that restores human dignity. This perspective is expected to serve as an ethical consideration in responding to the application of the death penalty in modern society.

Globalization has had a significant impact on various aspects of life, including the realm of religion, particularly in the field of hadith interpretation. For centuries, hadith interpretation was based on historical context, established scientific methods, and the authority of scholars as the primary reference. However, the rapid and geographically boundless connection of Muslims worldwide has brought new and complex challenges. These changes have not only affected the way scholars and historians understand classical texts but have also expanded the space for discussion into the public sphere through digital technology. This research aims to examine in depth how globalization influences the process of hadith interpretation in the contemporary era. The focus of the study includes changes in methodological approaches to interpretation, shifts in understanding of classical texts, and the influence of cross-cultural interactions and the development of digital media on shaping more pluralistic religious perspectives. The rapid flow of information enables the exchange of views across countries, schools of thought, and cultures, creating opportunities for enriching insight, but also potentially giving rise to interpretations that deviate from traditional principles. The results of this research are expected to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the positive and negative impacts of globalization on hadith interpretation. On the positive side, globalization can facilitate access to literature, encourage interfaith dialogue, and revitalize the Islamic intellectual tradition on a global scale. However, on the negative side, globalization also risks the desires of scholarly authorities, giving rise to instant interpretations without a strong methodology, and increasing the potential for conflicting understandings. These findings are expected to be relevant for understanding contemporary social, cultural, and political dynamics, as well as contributing to efforts to construct contextual interpretations of hadith while remaining anchored in solid scientific principles.

The growing environmental crisis underscores the need for education systems to foster ecological responsibility among students. This study explores the potential for multifaith schools to cultivate environmental moral education through an interreligious pedagogical model. By integrating diverse religious teachings on ecology, the proposed model aims to promote shared moral values for environmental protection and sustainability. The research addresses the gap in existing environmental education, which often lacks an integrated approach that incorporates various religious perspectives. Through a qualitative research design, the study analyzes curricula, observes classroom practices, conducts interviews with educators, and evaluates existing environmental education frameworks in multifaith schools. The study identifies key strategies, including the incorporation of eco-ethics from different religious traditions, project-based learning, and interfaith dialogues, as effective means of fostering ecological responsibility. However, challenges such as balancing doctrinal differences, overcoming biases, and developing inclusive pedagogy remain. The study emphasizes the importance of designing educational content that respects all faiths and promotes intercultural dialogue, thereby encouraging a collective commitment to sustainability. The findings suggest that multifaith schools can serve as powerful platforms for environmental moral education, highlighting the value of integrating religious perspectives into sustainability education. The study concludes with recommendations for incorporating interreligious eco-ethics into curricula and teacher training programs and suggests future research on the long-term impact of interreligious environmental education and its applicability in diverse cultural contexts.

Indonesia, with its vast social, cultural, and religious diversity, faces significant challenges in managing religious pluralism in the modern era. This article explores the complexities of religious pluralism in Indonesia through both social and religious perspectives. The study employs a qualitative approach using library research methods, examining various literatures encompassing pluralism theory, social theory, and contemporary phenomena related to religious pluralism in Indonesia. The analysis reveals that religious pluralism in Indonesia involves not only religious diversity but also socio-political dynamics and the growing influence of globalization, which increasingly shapes interfaith relations. Key issues include interreligious tensions often triggered by political and economic factors, as well as conflicts stemming from differing interpretations of religious teachings. This article also highlights the vital role of religion in shaping Indonesia’s social and cultural identity, along with the ongoing challenges in fostering tolerance and harmony among religious communities. Thus, the study provides insights into how religious pluralism in Indonesia can be wisely managed, considering the existing social complexities and challenges, while also offering a fresh perspective on understanding the dynamics of religious pluralism in an increasingly pluralistic Indonesian context.