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Penelitian ini mengkaji makna kematian dan kehidupan kekal dalam iman Katolik berdasarkan perspektif teologi eskatologi dan Kristologi sesuai dengan ajaran dogma Gereja Katolik. Tujuan penelitian adalah menjelaskan pemahaman kematian menurut ajaran resmi Gereja Katolik, sebagaimana tertuang dalam Katekismus Gereja Katolik, dokumen Konsili Vatikan II, dan ensiklik kepausan, serta relevansinya bagi kehidupan pastoral umat pada masa kini. Metode yang digunakan adalah kajian pustaka yang bersifat teologis-normatif dengan sumber utama Kitab Suci, dokumen Magisterium, dan literatur teologi yang relevan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dalam iman Katolik, kematian dipahami sebagai peralihan menuju kehidupan kekal bersama Allah, bukan akhir dari eksistensi manusia. Wafat dan kebangkitan Yesus Kristus menjadi fondasi dogmatis harapan keselamatan umat beriman. Ajaran tentang pengadilan khusus, api penyucian, surga, dan neraka merupakan bagian integral dari iman Katolik yang memiliki implikasi pastoral yang kuat: memberikan penguatan iman, harapan, dan penghiburan bagi umat dalam menghadapi penderitaan dan kematian. Simpulan penelitian menegaskan bahwa pemahaman teologis yang benar tentang kematian dan kehidupan kekal perlu terus diwartakan agar umat mampu menghayati hidup dalam iman, harapan, dan kasih.

This research is prompted by the unique narrative of Rahab, a Canaanite woman who occupies a critical theological position in Israel’s history of salvation despite her status as an outsider to the chosen people. The primary focus of this study is to explore the dimensions of Rahab’s faith and God’s sovereignty as recorded in Joshua 2:1-12. This study aims to analyze how the confession of faith from a marginalized individual aligns with God's sovereign plan and to determine the relevance of these values for contemporary Christian witness. The method employed is a qualitative approach utilizing library research and exegetical analysis of the text in Joshua 2:1-12. The findings indicate that Rahab's faith was not merely an act of self-preservation but a theological response to the formidable power of God that transcends ethnic boundaries and social status. God's sovereignty is proven capable of working through unexpected subjects to fulfill His divine purpose. The implications of this research assert that modern Christian witness must be inclusive and transformative, where the courage to declare God's truth amidst threatening situations constitutes a tangible form of living faith. The church is called to perceive God's sovereignty as the fundamental basis for mission and witness, unrestricted by social or cultural exclusivity.    

This study aims to explore in depth the role of God in the creation of humanity as depicted in the Book of Genesis and its relevance to contemporary Christian life. Using a qualitative method with a literature study approach, this research analyzes the texts of Genesis 1:26–28 and 2:7–8, supported by systematic theological perspectives from scholars such as Louis Berkhof and J. J. Davis. The findings reveal that God’s role is multidimensional: God as the Sovereign Designer, who initiates and perfectly orchestrates the creation process; the Personal Creator, who forms humans from the dust of the ground with purpose and intimacy; the Giver of Life, who breathes the breath of life into humanity; and the Mandate Giver, who delegates authority and responsibility to humans to govern His creation. This understanding has profound theological and ethical implications, particularly for the formation of Christian identity rooted in the image and likeness of God (imago Dei), the strengthening of ecological responsibility toward environmental stewardship, and the cultivation of a transformative spirituality centered on living out God’s will in daily life. Therefore, this study concludes that the doctrine of creation is not merely a historical truth but an existential foundation that guides the faith, morality, and practical life of believers in responding to contemporary spiritual and social challenges.

This article explores the theme of faithfulness amid suffering through a narrative and theological analysis of Job 1:1–22, while also examining its relevance for the Christian faith today. Job is chosen as the central figure due to his portrayal in the Bible as a man who endured extreme suffering yet maintained his spiritual integrity. This research uses a qualitative approach with a library research method, analyzing biblical texts and relevant theological literature. The study focuses on understanding suffering as a test of faith allowed by God, rather than as punishment for sin. The analysis reveals that Job is portrayed as a righteous, upright, God-fearing man who shunned evil. In Job 1:1–22, he loses all his wealth and children in a very short time, yet continues to submit to God’s will. His well-known declaration, “The Lord gave, and the Lord has taken away; blessed be the name of the Lord,” affirms the depth of his faith and obedience. Job’s faithfulness is not transactional, but emerges from a pure spiritual relationship with God. Job’s story remains highly relevant for contemporary Christians. In today’s world filled with adversity, Job teaches that suffering is not necessarily a sign of wrongdoing or lack of faith, but can be a means for spiritual growth and character formation. This article affirms that true faith will remain steadfast even when tested by suffering. Thus, Job stands as an enduring example of unwavering faithfulness to God in the face of deep crisis.

This research is a theological study of Job's suffering. In order to make this suffering relevant to believers, one of the books that attracts attention to be discussed is the book of Job. Job's story is still a topic of conversation to this day when someone faces suffering. Suffering can be experienced by humans, both men and women, both young and old, rich and poor, even children. Every Christian person or family must have faced tragedies in their own lives, for example death, loss of property, illness, economic crisis and ect. Job was a man who was pious, honest, feared God and shunned evil and could experience severe and extreme suffering. The goal is that Christians are motivated to persist in the faith, when suffering is unavoidable.                 Based on a theological study of the story of Job's suffering, several correct understandings of the emergence of suffering are obtained which are relevant for the lives of Christian families who experience suffering and strengthen Christian families who experience suffering. The Christian family cannot be separated from the reality of suffering and one day the Christian's faith will be tested by God. However, this suffering should make you increasingly know God and glorify Him.

One of the challenges often faced by church leaders is the inability to set a consistent example, which results in the dependence of the ministry and the declining trust of the congregation. This is caused by the imbalance between spirituality and integrity, the influence of lust, and weak spiritual discipline. This study aims to exmine the qualifications of church leaders in general, and analyze their relevance for God’s service in the present era. The method used is qualitative with a hermeneutic descriptive-analytical approach, accompanied by a literature study sourced from theological literature, tafsir, and related articles. The result show that church leaders must have moral integrity, self-control, loyalty, wisdom, skill, teaching, and a good reputation. These criteria become the foundation of spiritual leadership eligiblity. The conclusion of this study emphasizes that servants of God must live in love, live simply, be authoritative, humble and able to adjust to the dynamics of today’s ministry.

This article discusses Jesus Christ's sacrifice on the cross as evidence of human atonement and its relevance to believers today. From the perspective of Christian faith, this event is considered a central point in the history of salvation, demonstrating divine grace and justice. Through a search of the meaning of Christ's sacrifice, this article provides a broad understanding of the meaning of Christ's suffering for man's atonement and explains how Christ's sacrifice is concrete evidence of unconditional love and the divine will to blot out human sin. Through the analysis of the meaning of redemption worked out by Jesus Christ, which will expand the theoretical basis of the purpose of Jesus' sacrifice on the cross. This article also provides a theory of the importance of understanding Christ's sacrifice on the cross, thus becoming a reference for believers in terms of faith and belief that through Christ's sacrifice brings redemption to believers. Meanwhile, the relevance of Christ's sacrifice on the cross will also affect several aspects of the believer's life, namely in terms of faith, confession, and holy living. In writing this article, a qualitative approach method is used with a literature study method. The search for the meaning of Christ's sacrifice can be studied from several perspectives, namely the theological perspective, the moral perspective and the psychologist's perspective. From a theological perspective, Christ's sacrifice is a form of God's love for man, so He sent His Son, Jesus Christ, as a sacrifice to redeem believers. So that the work of salvation done by Jesus Christ leads to a victory for believers because they have been redeemed and freed from the power of death, and also becomes a means of improving the relationship between man and God. From a moral perspective, it can be understood that Christ's sacrifice on the cross is an example of sacrifice and an example of love for believers. Thus, this article contributes to the understanding of Christ's sacrifice on the cross as a form of human atonement, and enriches the spiritual life of believers and strengthens faith, motivates spiritual life, and clarifies the moral principles underlying the Christian life.

This study focuses on the concept of salvation by grace as taught in Romans 3:23-26 and its relevance to the understanding of the GKPPD congregation today. Through a literature review with a theological approach, it was found that the doctrine of salvation by grace is the core of Christian teaching. In this passage, the Apostle Paul explains that all humans have sinned and fallen short of the glory of God (Romans 3:23). However, salvation is given through redemption in Christ Jesus, not as a result of human effort, but as a gift of God alone (Romans 3:24). Salvation is given through faith in the blood of Christ which redeems and takes away sin (Romans 3:25). In the context of the congregation today, the understanding of salvation by grace remains relevant. Many GKPPD congregations are still trapped in trying to obtain salvation through or obedience to the law, even though Romans 3:23-26 emphasizes the importance of faith in Christ's redemptive work. This study highlights that teaching about God's grace should foster a sense of gratitude, humility, and commitment to living in faith, not in fear or legalism. This study confirms that the concept of salvation through grace is the center of Christian faith teachings that need to continue to be lived and conveyed in the lives of the GKPPD congregation today and increase theological knowledge about the concept of salvation and can be a reference for theology students and reading materials in the IAKN Tarutung library.

In responding to the warning of the day of God's wrath, Christians believe that the warning of the day of God's wrath is a decree of the law that will actually occur at His second coming. The topic of commemoration about the Day of the Lord nowadays is rarely discussed either in sermons or in other gatherings. For this reason, this topic has become an important topic of discussion and must be explored again among believers. The aim of this writing is to analyze the form of commemoration of the day of God's wrath and its relevance for believers today. The method we use in this writing is a deductive (descriptive) method by collecting various sources as references, namely journals, books and articles related to this topic.

The aim of this research is to determine the equality of men and women in the context of receiving salvation based on Galatians 3:26-29 with relevance for today's church. The research method in writing this scientific work is a qualitative method, namely a descriptive approach. This method is used by the author to find useful materials in accordance with the research objectives. In this research, equality between men and women will be explored in the context of receiving salvation and its relevance for the church today. The result of the exegesis of Galatians 3:26-29 is how humans view the equality of men and women in the context of receiving salvation and its relevance for the church today. As is known, Christians always emphasize that humans, both men and women, have equality in receiving salvation through His Gospel or His Word, namely the Faith and Trust of His people. In this case, it also really depends on the theological interpretation of each church sect, because some sects may emphasize a personal relationship with God as the main way to receive salvation, while there are several church sects that emphasize the role of the church as a community of faith that facilitates spiritual growth and receiving the gift of salvation. Salvation (grace) from God is universal (general). God's action in Jesus Christ has effectively eliminated differences according to Gal. 3:26-29. The good news of salvation is that there is no longer such a thing as a select group, those who hope to receive the benefits of Jesus' Messiahship should be part of every believing people. Salvation in the context of Galatians 3 is through God's promises to His people who believe. Apart from that, the concept of salvation is a primary doctrine that becomes a dogmatic guide for God's church. The church must also see and emulate the equality of men and women in the context of receiving salvation. God emphasizes that all mankind should not do things that God does not want. He hopes that those who come with Him are those who truly believe in their faith. Salvation is given to humans as a form of His goodness to His people who believe through Faith and Actions that are always loyal to Him. Salvation is Grace, meaning that there is only one way to obtain salvation, namely through Jesus Christ. He said, “I am the way and the truth and the life. No one comes to the Father except through Me.” And if you belong to Christ, then you are also Abraham's descendants and have the right to receive God's promises (Gal. 3:29).    

The book Taisir Al-Khallaq Fi 'Ilmi Al-Akhlaq by Sheikh Hafidz Hasan Al-Mas'udi is a yellow book which contains guidelines for Muslims in living their daily lives. Even though it is famous for its moral studies, it contains Islamic educational values ​​and its relevance to today's moral education. This research aims to determine the concept of Islamic and moral education, the values ​​of Islamic education in the book Taisir Al-Khallaq Fi 'Ilmi Al-Akhlaq and its relevance to today's moral education. This research uses a descriptive qualitative research approach, where the type of research is literature. The data collection technique uses the documentation method. Then, data sources were obtained from primary data sources, namely the book Taisir Al-Khallaq and secondary (books, journals and other sources). The data analysis technique uses content analysis. The results of this research show that; 1) the concept of Islamic education includes three main aspects, namely al-tarbiyah, al-ta'lim, and al-ta'dib which means the teaching process. Meanwhile, the concept of moral education is based on Islamic education itself. 2) the values ​​of Islamic education contained in this book are in the form of aqidah values, worship values ​​and moral values. 3) the values ​​of Islamic education in this book are very relevant to today's moral education, because they both aim to form human beings who are moral, have noble character, and make them obedient and obedient servants of Allah SWT.  

Beauty and elegance are characteristics that are inherent in a woman and cannot be separated, beauty is often contested using the term beauty contest. Beauty can be seen from different perspectives, for example skin color, slender body shape and straight or wavy hair. Currently, girls from adolescence to adulthood are competing to be beautiful, the term often used for beauty tools is skincare. Focusing on body beauty and facial beauty makes women forget about the beauty of their hearts. Caring for and cleaning the body is the right action to do, this means that we respect the body that God has given us. However, it is much more important than just body beauty, character beauty is also the main thing, it would really be better if inner beauty and physical beauty (innerbeauty) could be had. A person's inner beauty can lead him to the gates of success, like the story of Queen Esther (Esther 2:1-18). This research uses a literature review method. This research aims to examine how the beauty of a person's character is the main foundation for behavior, thereby bringing success in a person's life.

Elijah's obedience is evident in his faithfulness to listen and obey God's commands. Through an understanding of the Biblical text, Elijah's obedience to God is analyzed in the context of perseverance, compliance, and complete trust in God's plan. This study also explores the relevance of Elijah's obedience for present-day believers. In a world filled with challenges and uncertainties, the lessons from Elijah's story provide inspiration about the importance of faith, obedience, and reliance on God. It offers a perspective that enriches how believers can lead their everyday lives with deep obedience to God's will, gaining strength and courage from their faith. This research reveals that Elijah's obedience reflects strong relevance for present-day believers, emphasizing the importance of strengthening the spiritual connection with God, following His will, and believing that obedience to Him brings blessings and protection. The practical implications of Elijah's obedience can encourage believers to deepen their faith, enhance their obedience, and broaden their perception of God's power and presence in everyday life.

"The song of praise holds high religious value, as earnest singing is considered equivalent to praying twice. A song of praise holds its own significance within the order of Christian worship, even within the liturgy of Christian services. The literary detective method used by the author aims to review theological studies on the analysis of David's song of praise and its relevance to the youth of today (1 Chronicles 29:10-19). This research yields the attitude that a Christian youth should possess in viewing songs of praise, and how the creed of Christian youth influences the praising and worshiping of the name of the Lord."

Believing in every struggle we face today is something worth paying attention to. Recently we have seen many suicides occurring. In this case, we can assess a person's attitude in facing struggles, quite a few people now take shortcuts in dealing with problems, whereas we should be able to hope in God, no matter what problems occur in our lives. We can see a good example from the faith of a centurion in believing that Jesus would provide healing. Worldly problems can be answered by the great and extraordinary faith of this officer, who will be an example for today's congregation, so that they do not give up in facing every problem in their lives.

Calvin's strategy in the development of Christian religious education in the Reformation era was key in forming a strong and sustainable approach to Christian religious education. John Calvin, a leading figure of the Christian Reformation in the 16th century, had a central role in advancing Christian religious education. He implemented a number of important strategies, including education for all, structured education, teaching of Scripture, training of church leaders, character education, involvement of church and state, and emphasis on local languages. These strategies help spread Calvinist theology and ensure everyone's access to quality Christian religious education. Calvin's influence on Christian education is still visible in various Christian education systems to this day. Christian religious education is education in Christian teachings that emphasizes aspects of knowledge, attitudes and values ​​and even skills that are based on the Christian faith itself. With Calvin's strategy in the midst of Christian Religious Education, Christian Religious Education can achieve the goals it should achieve, especially in the community, schools and families. In this series of strategies, Calvin played a key role in changing Christian religious education in his time. Christian religious education is no longer the exclusive right of clergy, but is a right and responsibility for the entire Christian community. Calvin's in-depth and structured educational approach, along with his emphasis on the use of print media, helped spread the teachings of the Protestant Reformation throughout the Christian world. These approaches remain influential in the development of Christian religious education to this day.

Pemimpin masa kini kurang memperhatikan  pengaruh dari kepemimpinan dan kewibawaannya, sebagaimana seorang pemimpin yang ada dalam diri Nehemia. Oleh sebab itu tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk menguraikan kepemimpinan Nehemia yang revolusioner dan kaitannya dengan pemimpin-pemimpin masa kini. Metode yang penulis gunakan yaitu deskriptif kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data berdasarkan studi literatur, yakni menganalisis tesis (kepemimpinan masa kini) dengan meneladani (kepemimpinan Nehemia yang berhasil membawa perubahan dan berwibawa), membandingkan dan menyimpulkan berbagai pendapat yang mengacu pada eksposisi Alkitab, buku dan jurnal. Dari hasil pembahasan dapat disimpulkan bahwa kepemimpinan Nehemia membawa perubahan yang besar pada saat kepemimpinannya, sehingga dari kepemimpinan Nehemia para pemimpin masa kini mengetahui relevansi dan belajar dari kepemimpinan yang Nehemia terapkan sepanjang kepemimpinannya, yang dapat menjadi teladan dan acuan perubahan terhadap kepemimpinan para pemimpin masa kini.

penurunan akhlak peserta didik masa kini ya ng menyebabkan kasus kekerasan kepada guru maupun kepada sesama murid yang muncul di pemberitaan media.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui konsep pendidikan di buku  Ash-Shuffah pada masa Nabi Muhammad dan relevansinya terhadap pembentukan akhlak peserta didik masa kini. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kepustakaan (library research). Teknik analisis isi (content analysis) dan menggunakan pendekatan historis-filosofi. Metode pengumpulan data diperoleh dari buku Ash-Shuffah karya Yakhsyallah Mansur,    jurnal, dan sumber lain yang berhubungan dengan jawaban rumusan masalah. Data  dianalisa dengan memilih data dan mengambil data yang diperlukan, menyajikan data dalam bentuk tulisan, mengklasifikasi data dan mengaitkan antara data konsep pendidikan buku Ash-Shuffa dengan teori-teori pembentukan akhlak. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa didalam konsep pendidikan dalam buku Ash-Shuffah terdapat relevansi terhadap pembentukan akhlak diantaranya ialah relevansi tujuan pendidikan, kurikulum pendidikan, lingkungan pendidikan, dan metode pendidikan Ash-Shuffah terhadap teori pembentukan akhlak peserta didik masa kini.