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The study highlights the importance of spirituality as a foundational framework for shaping adolescents’ life orientation in the complex digital era, marked by pervasive distractions and fragmented meaning. Ignatian spirituality, emphasizing reflection and lived experience as loci of encounter with God, provides a contextual approach to help adolescents construct deeper existential meaning. The study aims to examine how reflective practices within this framework support students of SMK Katolik St. Mikael Surakarta in internalizing spiritual values and navigating digital challenges. Using a qualitative descriptive case study design, data were collected from 195 reflective writings of twelfth-grade students and reduced to 90 representative samples. The film Hacksaw Ridge was employed as a reflective stimulus to enhance affective and existential engagement. Data analysis was conducted using the four pillars of Jesuit education: Competence, Conscience, Compassion, and Commitment. The findings reveal that all reflections contain at least one element of the 4C framework integrated with Ignatian spirituality. Reflection serves not only as a medium of self-expression but also as a transformative process fostering moral awareness, social sensitivity, and commitment to action. It effectively enables students to process both personal and digital experiences into meaningful learning. The study affirms the strong relevance of integrating spirituality, reflection, and Ignatian pedagogy in contemporary education, contributing to the formation of reflective, value-oriented individuals committed to the common good.

Perkembangan teknologi digital dan media sosial telah mendorong pentingnya kemampuan personal branding bagi generasi muda, khususnya siswa sekolah menengah atas. Personal branding menjadi salah satu strategi yang dapat membantu individu membangun citra diri positif, meningkatkan kepercayaan diri, serta mempersiapkan diri menghadapi dunia pendidikan maupun karier di masa depan. Kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pemahaman siswa mengenai pentingnya personal branding melalui workshop interaktif di SMA Negeri 1 Batujaya. Kegiatan melibatkan 12 siswa yang terdiri atas duta siswa dan perwakilan aktif sekolah. Metode pelaksanaan dilakukan melalui penyampaian materi, diskusi, praktik sederhana, dan refleksi bersama. Evaluasi dilakukan secara kualitatif melalui observasi partisipatif dan umpan balik peserta selama kegiatan berlangsung. Hasil kegiatan menunjukkan bahwa peserta memiliki antusiasme tinggi serta mengalami peningkatan pemahaman mengenai pentingnya membangun citra diri positif dan penggunaan media sosial secara lebih strategis dalam mendukung pengembangan diri. Pendekatan partisipatif melalui workshop interaktif dinilai efektif dalam meningkatkan keterlibatan peserta selama kegiatan berlangsung.

Christology is a branch of Christian theology that discusses the person and work of Jesus Christ as the core of the Christian faith. The development of the modern era, characterized by globalization, pluralism, technological advancement, and cultural diversity, presents new challenges in understanding Christ in a relevant and contextual manner. This research aims to examine the development of Christological reflection in various life contexts and explain its application in contemporary life. The research uses a qualitative approach with a literature study method thru the examination of various classical and modern theological literature from both Protestant and Catholic traditions. The analysis was conducted using a historical-critical approach to understand the development of Christological thot from the early church period to the modern era. The research results show that Christology is not only doctrinal but also has practical dimensions related to personal, social, cultural, interfaith dialog, ecological, and modern challenges. Christological reflection affirms that Jesus Christ is understood as the true God and true man, serving as the foundation of spirituality, ethics, and social action for Christians. Furthermore, the contextual Christological approach helps the church present Christ's teachings relevantly in a pluralistic and dynamic society. This research implies the importance of developing contextual, inclusive, and transformative theology so that the Christian faith remains meaningful in modern life.

This study examines eschatology within the framework of Catholic faith as a reflection of faith and hope of salvation, not merely as a depiction of the end times. The background highlights the need to avoid reducing eschatology to a sole event of judgment day, by emphasizing the close relationship between eschatology, Christology, and soteriology, as well as the role of faith in the daily life of Catholic believers. The aim of the study is to articulate eschatology as an integrative framework that connects faith, hope, love, sacraments, liturgy, and inculturation in the Church’s praxis, and to consolidate the active participation of the faithful in the Kingdom of God, which has been initiated but not yet completed. The research method is descriptive-analytical literature review, comparing the views of experts, the Church Magisterium, and contemporary liturgical and theological documents to construct a comprehensive theoretical framework. The main findings indicate that Catholic eschatology functions as a moral and spiritual engine: (1) it integrates the “already and not yet” in the experience of faith; (2) it links eschatological hope with the actions of love, justice, and social liberation; (3) it bridges private faith with sacramental practice and inculturation. Theological and pastoral implications include strengthening faith formation, participation in liturgy, and an imaginative response to present-day social and environmental challenges. This narrative affirms a living, inclusive, and relevant eschatology for the Church’s life of faith in the contemporary era.

This study aims to analyze reflection and citizenship discussion as strategies to strengthen democratic awareness and student participation in Civic Education learning. The background of this research is the prevalence of traditional, teacher-centered teaching strategies, which hinder student engagement and understanding of democratic principles. This study combines library research with a qualitative approach. Data on citizenship education, democracy education, reflections, and discussions were collected from various sources, including books, papers, scientific journals, and related documents. The results show that reflection can improve students’ awareness of democratic values, responsibility, tolerance, and the importance of deliberation. Meanwhile, citizenship discussion effectively increases active student participation, argumentation skills, cooperation, and confidence in expressing opinions. The integration of reflection and discussion creates Civic Education learning that is more interactive, critical, and meaningful. The main obstacles include limited learning time, low teacher readiness, and passive student learning culture. Therefore, learning innovation that encourages active student involvement is needed. This study concludes that reflection and citizenship discussion are effective strategies to develop young generations who are democratic, responsible, and participative in national and civic life

Teacher professionalism is a key factor in improving the quality of education, especially in the context of rapid changes that demand continuous competency development. Therefore, sustainable professional development for teachers has become an essential need. This article aims to examine strategies for developing teacher professionalism through reflection and the implementation of best practices in learning. The method used is a literature study with a descriptive qualitative approach, by analyzing various sources such as scientific journals, books, and relevant articles. The results show that reflection plays an important role as a means of self-evaluation that helps teachers continuously improve the quality of learning, while best practices provide concrete examples of effective and innovative teaching practices. Reflection enables teachers to identify strengths and weaknesses in their instructional processes, thereby encouraging continuous improvement and adaptive teaching strategies. Meanwhile, best practices serve as a reference for implementing evidence-based and student-centered learning approaches that can enhance classroom engagement and learning outcomes. The integration of reflection and best practices is proven to strengthen teachers' competencies holistically by combining critical self-assessment with proven pedagogical strategies. This synergy also supports collaborative learning among educators and encourages the sharing of effective teaching experiences. Thus, sustainable teacher professional development can be achieved through the consistent application of these strategies, ultimately contributing to improved educational quality and more effective learning environments in schools.

This study examines the theological tension between devotion to God and the influence of mammon within the context of church ministry, as reflected in Matius 6:24. The research aims to analyze how materialism shapes attitudes, motivations, and practices in ecclesiastical service, particularly in relation to financial and administrative responsibilities. The method employed is a literature analysis combined with a phenomenological approach, allowing for an integration of biblical teachings and lived ministry experiences. The findings reveal that mammon is not merely a material entity but a competing spiritual force that demands human loyalty, often subtly influencing the orientation of ministry. Materialism, therefore, emerges as a critical challenge to ministerial integrity, especially in contexts involving financial management. The novelty of this study lies in its integration of theological reflection with empirical ministry experience, emphasizing that integrity in church service is not only tested in spiritual expressions but also in the handling of material resources. This study contributes to practical theology by offering a contextual understanding of how faithfulness to God must be maintained amidst the persistent tension between spiritual calling and material demands.

This study aims to reflect on the theological meaning of natural disasters in Sumatra (Aceh, Simeulue, Padang) from an ecological perspective. Although Sumatra is geologically prone to earthquakes and tectonic activities due to its location on the Pacific Ring of Fire, hydrometeorological disasters such as floods and landslides are exacerbated by human actions, including deforestation, watershed degradation, and uncontrolled land conversion. This research employs a qualitative-descriptive approach using library research and a theological-reflective method. Primary sources include Sacred Scripture, Church documents (Laudato Si', Gaudium et Spes, General Directory for Catechesis), and relevant ecological theology literature. The findings indicate that natural disasters in Sumatra can be interpreted as "signs of the times" revealing both ecological and moral crises. Disasters are not divine punishment but consequences of humanity's misuse of freedom in managing creation. Ecological conversion is urgently needed at personal, social, and structural levels. Within the catechetical framework, disaster experiences become "texts of life" that guide the faithful toward mature faith expressed in lifestyle changes, solidarity, and responsibility for our common home.

This study examine the reflection of Native american economic conditions in the 1990s as potrayed in Sherman alexie’s short story This is What It Means to say Phoenix, Arizona. As literary works often reflect social realities, this study focuses on economic struggles are represented through the experiences of the main characters, Victor and Thomas. The research employs a qualitative method with a sociology of literature approach using a Marxist perspective. The data are analyzed through a narrative examination of key events and character experiences related to economic conditions. The findings reveal tha the short story reflects persistent economic issues such as poverty, unemployment, and limited access to finansial resources, whic are rooted in historical inequality and structural marginalization. These conditions, as experienced by the characters, represent broader socio-economic realities faced by native American communities living in reservations. Therefore, this study highlights tha literary works funcition not only as artistic expressions but also as representations of social and economic realities, particulalry those of marginalized groups.

Christian education plays a strategic role in shaping the faith, character, and spiritual life of learners however, learning processes often remain theoretical, limiting the internalization of faith values. This study aims to examine the concept of theological reflection using the Sharing Christian Praxis (SCP) method in Christian education, explore its application, and analyze its relevance to contemporary life. This research employs a qualitative approach with a literature study method, drawing on relevant books, scientific journals, and academic sources. The findings indicate that theological reflection is a fundamental process in Christian education that enables learners to interpret life experiences in the light of God’s Word, resulting in authentic faith transformation. The SCP method, developed by Thomas H. Groome, provides an operational framework for implementing this theological reflection through systematic stages: sharing life experiences, critical reflection, engagement with Scripture, dialogue, and commitment to action. The relationship between theological reflection and SCP is integral and synergistic; theological reflection provides direction and depth, while SCP operationalizes this process dialogically and contextually, the application of SCP in Christian education has proven effective in increasing learner engagement and connecting faith with daily life. It is recommended that Christian educators implement SCP as a primary learning method, and that educational institutions integrate it into their curriculum development strategies.

Modern education has produced various learning theories such as behaviorism, cognitivism, humanism, constructivism, and postmodernism, each contributing significantly to the understanding of learning processes, motivation, and knowledge formation. However, these theories are rooted in secular philosophical foundations that place humanity at the center of truth while neglecting the spiritual dimension revealed in Scripture. This condition creates tension for Christian education, which upholds the Bible as the epistemological basis and ultimate purpose of learning. This study aims to critically examine the secular assumptions embedded within modern learning theories, identify pedagogical elements that can be integrated into Christian education, and formulate strategies for Christian educators to utilize secular theories without compromising their theological foundation. The research employs a descriptive qualitative method through a literature review of books, journals, and relevant academic sources. The findings indicate that although modern learning theories offer valuable pedagogical insights, they contain naturalistic, rationalistic, humanistic, and relativistic assumptions that must be filtered through biblical theology. Christian educators are not required to reject secular theories entirely; rather, they bear an apologetic responsibility to discern useful methods, reject conflicting philosophical assumptions, and direct the entire learning process toward glorifying God. Thus, modern learning theories can function as effective tools within Christian education when positioned correctly as pedagogical instruments under the authority of Scripture.

This study aims to uncover the theological meaning of Jesus' compassion as expressed in Matthew 9:36 through a biblical exegetical approach. This verse demonstrates Jesus' emotional and spiritual response to the plight of the crowd, described as "weary and helpless, like sheep without a shepherd." Using the historical-grammatical exegesis method, this study examines the literary, historical, and linguistic context of the text, particularly the Greek word ἐσπλαγχνίσθη splanchnizomai, which describes compassion born from the depths of the heart. The analysis reveals that Jesus' compassion reflects the core of His messianic mission: God's active involvement in human suffering. This compassion is not merely passive sympathy, but an act that restores, teaches, and shepherds the lost, spiritually and socially. Thus, Matthew 9:36 reveals that Jesus' compassion is the foundation of the Gospel ministry, which emphasizes love, restoration, and God's presence amidst human suffering. Its theological implications emphasize that believers are called to embody Christ's compassion in their lives through loving, empathetic, and caring service to others.

This study aims to reflect on the Islamic business ethics values contained in QS Al-Jumu’ah verses 9–10 and their relevance in fraud prevention from the perspective of Sharia accounting. Fraudulent actions in business, such as falsifying financial reports and arranging transactions, are very dangerous issues because they undermine the economic system as a whole. This study uses a literature research method with a thematic interpretation (tafsir maudhu’i) approach to understand the meaning of Surah Al-Jumu’ah verses 9 to 10, as well as analyze scholarly works related to Sharia accounting and Islamic business ethics. The results of the study indicate that these verses provide ethical guidance that balances the obligation to worship with economic activities, so that every business transaction must be based on principles of honesty, transparency, trustworthiness, and responsibility. The integration of the values contained in the Qur’an is very important in preventing fraudulent actions because it shapes. The awareness that Allah always watches over all human actions. This study contributes theoretically by strengthening the literature on Sharia accounting based on Islamic values, and practically provides guidance for business practitioners and accountants in building a fair, honest, and integrity-driven trade system. Keywords: Sharia Accounting, QS Al-Jumu'ah Verses 9-10, Fraud, Islamic Business Ethics.

This paper focuses on a critical reflection on the text of Psalm 1:1-6, specifically introducing two opposing paths between "the way of the righteous" and "the way of the wicked." A critical approach to this text is carried out by considering interpretive and contextual aspects, and finding the meanings contained therein by connecting the experiences of modern-millennial humans. This writing uses qualitative methods and a library research approach, to the Bible, and the book of Psalms 1-72, as well as the book Traces of God's Salvation Work: An Introduction and the Ins and Outs of the Old Testament Scriptures. This writing involves critical reflection on the structure of the text, key words, and moral messages hidden in Psalm 1:1-6. In addition, this paper also explores the social and spiritual implications of understanding "the way of the righteous" and "the way of the wicked" in the context of modern-millennial society. The main finding in this writing is to provide deeper insight into how the concepts expressed in the Book of Psalms 1:1-6 can be applied in the lives of modern-millennial humans, as well as how the moral messages from the text can be relevant in guiding individuals in choosing the right path in life.

This research is driven by the prevalence of patriarchal perspectives within the Christian theological tradition, which frequently marginalises the role of women. Contemporary feminist theology emerges in this context as a critical effort to reinterpret women’s experiences of faith and suffering in light of God’s liberating love. This study analyses the martyrdom of the Virgin Mary and Neerja Bhanot as examples of witnessing to faith and humanity, affirming the spiritual power and courage of women in the face of patriarchal structures. The study employs a qualitative descriptive method, adopting a literature review approach to the Holy Scriptures, church documents and feminist theological literature. The results show that Mary’s martyrdom reflects quiet, prophetic faithfulness as a white martyr, while Bhanot displays universal humanitarian martyrdom. Both reveal a God who is present in love and solidarity with human suffering. This research affirms that feminist theology is a reflective praxis of liberation, demanding a transformation in the Church’s and society’s views on the dignity and role of women in the work of salvation.

Contemporary hadith thought emerged as an attempt to address the challenges of modernity, which demands a more contextual understanding of Islamic teachings. Various new approaches, such as historical-critical, hermeneutics, and the maqasid al-shari'ah (the principles of Islamic jurisprudence), have been developed to connect hadith texts with modern social, political, and scientific realities. This article examines critiques and reflections on contemporary hadith thought through an interdisciplinary approach. The results show that although contemporary approaches make significant contributions to revitalizing the relevance of hadith, they have weaknesses such as potential relativism, deconstruction of hadith authority, and a disconnect with the classical tradition of hadith scholars. Interdisciplinary reflection offers a middle ground by integrating hadith studies with the social sciences, humanities, and sciences, allowing understanding of hadith to continue to develop without losing its normative authority. This article emphasizes the importance of dialogue between classical traditions and modern approaches in maintaining a balance between fidelity to the text and contextual needs. An interdisciplinary approach to hadith studies can bridge these gaps by fostering dialogue between traditional Islamic scholarship and modern academic fields such as social sciences, humanities, and natural sciences. By combining these disciplines, scholars can explore how hadith texts can be interpreted in ways that are both faithful to their original meaning and responsive to contemporary challenges. This integration can help preserve the normative authority of hadith while addressing modern issues such as ethics, politics, and technology. Ultimately, the interdisciplinary approach provides a framework for reconciling the classical and modern understandings of hadith, ensuring that the teachings of Islam remain relevant and authoritative in today’s rapidly changing world.

This article examines Ibn Khaldun's philosophical perspective on wages and its relevance to the wage system in Indonesia in the modern era. Ibn Khaldun, a prominent 14th-century Muslim thinker, emphasized that wages are closely linked to the value of work, social justice, and the economic stability of a society. In his Muqaddimah, he emphasized that establishing fair wages is not merely an economic issue but also a moral and social pillar that can prevent societal disintegration. Equitable wages, he argued, must be able to guarantee a decent living for workers and their families, while also supporting continued productivity and social cohesion. This study uses a qualitative normative approach through content analysis of relevant texts in the Muqaddimah and comparing them with wage policies in Indonesia, including minimum wage regulations, labor protection, and welfare policies. Data were obtained from library research, national regulations, and recent academic literature on wage policies. The results of the study indicate that although Indonesia has a minimum wage regulation, its implementation still faces significant challenges, particularly in ensuring fairness for informal sector and low-income workers. Factors such as regional economic inequality, inflation, and weak labor oversight often undermine the effectiveness of these policies. By revisiting the principles of Ibn Khaldun, this article offers the perspective that ideal wages should not only be measured by labor market needs but should also integrate principles of ethics, morality, and social responsibility. This integration is expected to strengthen worker welfare, increase national productivity, and maintain long-term economic stability. This study also provides a relevant philosophical framework for critiquing and reforming wage policies in Indonesia, with reference to the values of justice and welfare in classical Islamic economics.

This study explores the philosophical and theological implications of John Dewey's pedagogical thought, particularly his emphasis on reflective practice and experiential learning, within the context of Contemporary Christian Religious Education (PAK). Despite its potential to foster active, student-centered learning, a significant gap exists in deeply examining how Dewey's principles align with or challenge PAK's theological aim of faith formation. This qualitative library research, employing Miles and Huberman's data analysis model, addresses this gap by synthesizing Dewey's pedagogical concepts with the Christian theology of spiritual growth, particularly informed by 1 Corinthians 3:6, which posits that God gives the increase. The findings reveal that Dewey's experiential learning framework can profoundly enrich PAK by shifting the teacher's role from a primary knowledge dispenser to a facilitator who guides students in applying biblical truths to real-life experiences. This approach encourages holistic development encompassing cognitive, affective, and psychomotor domains. However, the implementation necessitates a robust theological filter, maintaining that biblical truth is final and acknowledging God's sovereignty in true spiritual growth. The study concludes that while Dewey's pedagogy provides practical strategies for student engagement and character development, its successful integration into PAK hinges on a clear understanding of its theological boundaries, ensuring that pedagogical flexibility is balanced with doctrinal integrity. This research offers a theoretical foundation for transformative PAK practices, aiming to cultivate knowledgeable Christian students with deep and active faith.

This study is motivated by the importance of prayer and fasting practices in the Christian tradition, which are increasingly marginalized in the midst of modern secularism and individualism. The purpose of this study is to analyze the concept of prayer and fasting based on the principles in the Book of Esther and to examine its implications for the formation of contemporary Christian spirituality. This research employs a literature review method by examining biblical texts and contemporary theological literature to identify the characteristics of prayer and fasting that are pleasing to God. The results of the study indicate that the practice of prayer and fasting in the Book of Esther is not merely ritualistic, but an expression of faith, self-denial, and communal solidarity that leads to personal transformation and strengthened social sensitivity. The implication of this study is that the principles of prayer and fasting in the Book of Esther can serve as a model for the spiritual formation of the modern church, fostering intimacy with God and a commitment to addressing surrounding social issues. These findings contribute to the development of practical theology and contemporary Christian spirituality studies.

The social identity of the Osing indigenous youth in Banyuwangi faces major challenges due to the influence of globalization that often affects local culture. This study aims to explore the role of traditional schools as a political identity space in shaping and reflecting the social identity of Osing youth. Using a qualitative approach and ethnographic methods, this study explores the experiences of youth in their involvement in the Pesinau traditional school. The findings show that traditional schools function not only as a place to preserve local cultural values, but also as a forum for building collective awareness, strengthening identity, and becoming a cultural protection from global domination. Identity as Osing youth is not obtained automatically, but is formed through a process of reflection, active participation, and negotiation of meaning in daily cultural activities. Traditional schools support the transformation of local values into adaptive contemporary expressions through the use of digital media, art, and education that are appropriate to the context. In this way, traditional schools play an important role as institutions in maintaining the continuity of cultural identity while creating innovative spaces for indigenous youth to face the challenges of the modern era.