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This quantitative study examines the impact of transactional leadership and reward systems on employees' extrinsic motivation at PT Konigs Multi Teknik, addressing earlier observations of low staff motivation. Utilizing a saturated sampling technique, the research involved the entire company population of 31 employees. Data collected through five-point Likert-scale questionnaires were analyzed via multiple linear regression using SPSS version 27, successfully satisfying all required classical assumption tests The partial test (t-test) results revealed that both transactional leadership and rewards exert a positive and significant influence on extrinsic motivation, with rewards standing out as the more dominant factor. Furthermore, the simultaneous test (F-test) confirmed that both variables jointly and significantly drive employee motivation, accounting for exactly 80.9 percent of its variance according to the adjusted R-square value. Ultimately, these findings suggest that companies must strategically combine consistent transactional leadership practices with a fair, transparent reward system to effectively boost overall motivation.

This study aims to analyze the influence of organizational culture and leadership on work discipline in employees of the Woja District Office, both partially and simultaneously. Using a saturated sample, all employees in the agency were directly involved as respondents as many as 45 respondents. Primary data were collected through a structured questionnaire and analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis techniques. The results of the study showed that partially, organizational culture had a positive and significant effect on employee work discipline, while leadership did not have a significant influence independently. However, simultaneous testing proves that organizational culture and leadership together have a positive and significant influence on shaping employee work discipline. These findings indicate that although personal leadership style is not the primary determinant of discipline that has been bound by bureaucratic regulations, the synergy between internalizing strong work culture values and leadership support remains an important combination for an orderly work ecosystem. This research provides practical implications for government organizations in strengthening work culture, increasing leadership effectiveness, and creating a work environment that is able to encourage employee compliance, responsibility, and productivity in a sustainable manner.

This study analyzed the effectiveness and contribution of the Food and/or Beverage Tax, Hotel Services Tax, and Art and Entertainment Services Tax to Jakarta's Regional Own-Source Revenue during 2018–2024, and formulated policy recommendations based on fishbone (Ishikawa) analysis for the lowest-performing tax type. A descriptive quantitative approach supported by qualitative analysis was employed. Secondary data were obtained from Regional Government Financial Reports, while primary data were gathered through in-depth interviews with the Regional Revenue Agency, a tax consultant, an event organizer, and a venue operator. The Hotel Services Tax recorded the highest average effectiveness at 108.25%, followed by the Food and/or Beverage Tax at 100.72%, and the Art and Entertainment Services Tax at 98.88%. All three fell under the very low contribution category, with the Art and Entertainment Services Tax recording the lowest average at 1.16%. Fishbone analysis identified six root cause categories: disproportionate staffing and insufficient socialization (Man), reactive collection mechanisms (Method), limited tax technology implementation (Machine), misclassified business data and weak regulatory dissemination (Material), underreported revenues and high tax rates suppressing voluntary compliance (Measurement), and high entertainment sector elasticity with slow post-pandemic recovery (Environment). Policy recommendations were formulated across all six factors to optimize regional tax revenue.

This study examines the influence of financial literacy, Fear of Missing Out (FOMO), and influencer marketing on Generation Z's decision to use Buy Now Pay Later (BNPL) services in Dompu Regency. The rapid development of financial technology has encouraged the widespread adoption of BNPL as an alternative digital payment method, particularly among young consumers. However, the increasing use of this service also raises concerns regarding financial decision-making and consumer behavior. This research employed a quantitative approach using a survey method involving 100 Generation Z respondents selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire with a five-point Likert scale and analyzed using multiple linear regression. The findings indicate that financial literacy has a positive and significant effect on BNPL usage decisions. Likewise, FOMO significantly influences individuals' decisions to utilize BNPL services, while influencer marketing also demonstrates a positive and significant contribution to users' decisions. Simultaneously, the three independent variables significantly affect BNPL usage decisions, explaining 27% of the variance in the dependent variable. These findings suggest that financial knowledge, psychological factors, and social influence collectively shape Generation Z's financial behavior. Therefore, strengthening financial literacy and promoting responsible use of digital financial services are essential to encourage more informed and sustainable financial decision-making.

This study aims to analyze the phenomenon of tax burden, tax compliance, and tax-saving strategies and their influence on business survival strategies in Indonesia’s retail and trade sector amid the economic slowdown in 2026. Indonesia’s economic growth declined to 4.2% in the first quarter of 2026 from 5.1% in the previous year, creating considerable pressure on business sustainability, particularly in the retail and trade sector. This research employed a quantitative approach using a survey method involving 120 retail and trade business owners located in Jakarta, West Java, and Banten. Respondents were selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire that met validity and reliability requirements and were analyzed using multiple linear regression with SPSS version 26 after fulfilling the classical assumption tests. The results indicate that tax burden (B = 0.287; p < 0.001), tax compliance (B = 0.341; p < 0.001), and tax-saving strategies (B = 0.398; p < 0.001) each have a positive and significant effect on business survival strategies, both individually and simultaneously. The F-test (F = 62.847; p < 0.001) confirms the overall significance of the regression model, while the coefficient of determination (R² = 0.621) shows that the three independent variables explain 62.1% of the variance in business survival strategies. These findings suggest that effective tax management, combined with the lawful utilization of tax incentives, plays a crucial role in strengthening business resilience and ensuring the sustainability of retail and trade businesses during periods of economic uncertainty.

Banks' Relationship Manager (RM) rotation policies conceal a retention risk: premium customers loyal to individual RMs may migrate following replacement triggered by relational disruption, not service failure. This conceptual study builds a theoretical framework explaining Emerging HNWI customer migration intention following RM turnover, integrating three antecedents adapted from the Service Provider Switching Model (SPSM): Relational Embeddedness (RE) as a mooring factor, Relational Trust toward the former RM (RT) as a paradoxical push factor through the Relational Loss Effect mechanism, and Community-Validated Trust (CVT) as the primary migration inhibitor. CVT is conceptualized as trust formed prior to direct interaction through personal communal validation distinct from reputation trust, social trust, swift trust, and social proof. Three boundary conditions of CVT are explicitly identified for testability and cross-context comparison. Primary contributions: (1) CVT as a SPSM extension for relational disruption contexts; (2) Relational Loss Effect bridging trust theory and paradoxical migration behavior.

Pelayanan perizinan merupakan salah satu aspek penting dalam penyelenggaraan pelayanan publik. Kota Batam memiliki dualisme kewenangan antara Pemerintah Kota Batam dan Badan Pengusahaan (BP) Batam dalam penyelenggaraan pemerintahan dan pelayanan perizinan. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis dinamika politik lokal dalam penyelenggaraan pelayanan perizinan di Kota Batam serta mengkaji dampak dualisme kewenangan terhadap efektivitas pelayanan publik pada tahun 2025. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian studi kasus. Data yang digunakan merupakan data sekunder yang diperoleh melalui studi dokumentasi. Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan model Miles dan Huberman yang meliputi reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa meskipun pemerintah telah melakukan penataan kewenangan melalui Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 25 Tahun 2025 dan Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 28 Tahun 2025, pelaksanaan pelayanan perizinan masih menghadapi tantangan berupa koordinasi antar lembaga, tumpang tindih kewenangan, dan belum optimalnya integrasi tata kelola antara Pemerintah Kota Batam dan BP Batam. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa penyelesaian dualisme kewenangan tidak cukup dilakukan melalui perubahan regulasi, tetapi memerlukan penguatan collaborative governance, pembagian kewenangan yang jelas, serta koordinasi kelembagaan yang lebih efektif guna meningkatkan kualitas pelayanan publik dan menciptakan kepastian hukum bagi masyarakat maupun investor.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji dan menganalisis pengaruh lingkungan pendidikan dan promosi terhadap keputusan mendaftar menjadi mahasiswa di Politeknik Bumi Akpelni Semarang, sebuah institusi pendidikan vokasi yang berfokus pada bidang kemaritiman. Fenomena penurunan jumlah pendaftar dari 944 orang pada 2019 menjadi 352 orang pada 2023 menjadi latar belakang yang mendorong urgensi penelitian ini. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan metode analisis regresi linier berganda. Populasi penelitian adalah 846 taruna aktif Politeknik Bumi Akpelni, dan sampel sebanyak 140 responden diperoleh menggunakan formula Hair. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui kuesioner terstruktur dengan skala Likert. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) lingkungan pendidikan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap keputusan mendaftar dengan koefisien regresi 0,453 dan nilai t hitung 5,853 > t tabel 1,980 (sig. 0,000); (2) promosi berpengaruh positif dan signifikan dengan koefisien regresi 0,376 dan nilai t hitung 4,855 > t tabel 1,980 (sig. 0,000); dan (3) secara simultan keduanya berpengaruh signifikan dengan nilai F hitung 96,462 > F tabel 3,060 serta koefisien determinasi (Adjusted R²) sebesar 0,579 atau 57,9%. Lingkungan pendidikan terbukti menjadi faktor dominan dibandingkan promosi. Penelitian ini berkontribusi mengisi kesenjangan literatur yang selama ini mengkaji kedua variabel tersebut secara terpisah, serta menambahkan perspektif spesifik pendidikan vokasi kemaritiman yang masih sangat terbatas. Implikasi manajerial mencakup peningkatan kualitas fasilitas kampus secara berkelanjutan dan transformasi strategi promosi menuju pendekatan digital yang lebih inovatif.  

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis implementasi kebijakan retribusi Tempat Khusus Parkir (TKP) di kawasan Taman Apsari Kota Surabaya berdasarkan teori implementasi kebijakan George Edward III yang meliputi komunikasi, sumber daya, disposisi, dan struktur birokrasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi dengan melibatkan Dinas Perhubungan Kota Surabaya, juru parkir, dan pengguna jasa parkir. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa implementasi kebijakan retribusi parkir di kawasan Taman Apsari belum berjalan secara optimal. Pada aspek komunikasi, pemahaman masyarakat terhadap sistem pembayaran non-tunai masih terbatas. Pada aspek sumber daya, keterbatasan pengawasan, sumber daya manusia, dan kendala jaringan masih menjadi hambatan implementasi. Pada aspek disposisi, masih terdapat juru parkir yang lebih mengutamakan pembayaran tunai meskipun sistem pembayaran digital telah diterapkan. Sementara itu, pada aspek struktur birokrasi, koordinasi dan pengawasan antar pelaksana kebijakan masih perlu ditingkatkan. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan penguatan pengawasan, peningkatan kapasitas sumber daya manusia, serta optimalisasi sistem parkir digital guna meningkatkan efektivitas implementasi kebijakan retribusi parkir di Kota Surabaya.

Pelanggaran jam operasional kendaraan bertonase besar di kawasan Simpang Patal Kota Palembang masih sering terjadi dan menyebabkan kemacetan, risiko kecelakaan, serta kerusakan jalan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis alternatif kebijakan yang paling tepat untuk penertiban mobil barang di kawasan tersebut. Penelitian menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif melalui observasi, wawancara, dokumentasi, dan studi literatur. Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan model Miles dan Huberman, sedangkan evaluasi kebijakan menggunakan pendekatan Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) berdasarkan kriteria William N. Dunn. Terdapat tiga alternatif kebijakan yang dianalisis, yaitu mempertahankan kebijakan yang berlaku (status quo), revisi Perwali Nomor 26 Tahun 2019 dan implementasi Electronic Traffic Law Enforcement (ETLE), serta penyediaan kantong parkir (holding area) di kawasan Pelabuhan Sungai Lais. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa alternatif penyediaan kantong parkir (holding area) memperoleh skor tertinggi sebesar 91 dengan rata-rata 4,55 sehingga dinilai paling optimal dalam mengurangi pelanggaran, kemacetan, dan risiko kecelakaan serta mendukung transportasi perkotaan yang lebih tertib dan berkelanjutan.

Kemacetan lalu lintas di kawasan Ampera–Cinde Kota Palembang masih menjadi persoalan transportasi perkotaan yang belum terselesaikan secara optimal. Tingginya penggunaan kendaraan pribadi serta belum maksimalnya integrasi transportasi publik menyebabkan kepadatan arus lalu lintas terus meningkat, terutama pada jam sibuk. Meskipun Kota Palembang telah memiliki layanan Light Rail Transit (LRT), keberadaan transportasi publik tersebut belum sepenuhnya mampu mengurangi dominasi kendaraan pribadi karena layanan angkutan pengumpan (feeder) masih menghadapi berbagai keterbatasan, seperti jumlah armada yang terbatas, cakupan rute yang belum merata, serta belum optimalnya sinkronisasi layanan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis permasalahan implementasi kebijakan transportasi publik dan merumuskan alternatif kebijakan yang efektif dalam mengurangi kemacetan di kawasan Ampera-Cinde Kota Palembang. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif melalui observasi lapangan, wawancara, dokumentasi, dan studi literatur. Analisis dilakukan menggunakan teori  evaluasi kebijakan William N. Dunn. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa permasalahan utama terletak pada keterbatasan armada feeder, rendahnya integrasi transportasi publik, belum optimalnya implementasi kebijakan, serta tingginya ketergantungan masyarakat terhadap kendaraan pribadi. Berdasarkan evaluasi alternatif kebijakan, penguatan layanan feeder melalui penambahan armada dan perluasan rute dinilai sebagai alternatif paling efektif dalam meningkatkan aksesibilitas transportasi publik serta mendorong peralihan masyarakat menuju transportasi umum. Kebijakan tersebut diharapkan mampu mengurangi tingkat kemacetan dan mendukung sistem transportasi perkotaan yang lebih efisien dan berkelanjutan di Kota Palembang.

Bendungan Cabean direncanakan untuk mendukung kebutuhan air irigasi, penyediaan air baku, serta pengendalian banjir di wilayah hilir. Penelitian ini bertujuan menghitung debit banjir rencana pada Bendungan Cabean, Kabupaten Blora, sebagai dasar perencanaan infrastruktur pengendali banjir. Analisis dilakukan menggunakan data curah hujan maksimum 14 tahun dari tiga stasiun hujan, yang diolah melalui analisis hujan rata-rata, penentuan distribusi frekuensi, serta uji kesesuaian menggunakan Chi-Kuadrat dan Smirnov–Kolmogorov. Distribusi Log Pearson Tipe III terpilih sebagai metode paling sesuai untuk menentukan hujan rencana pada kala ulang 2, 5, 10, 25, 50, dan 100 tahun. Hujan rencana kemudian dikonversi menjadi curah hujan efektif dengan memperhitungkan koefisien limpasan DAS, dan dihitung debit banjir rencana menggunakan metode Hidrograf Satuan Sintetik (HSS) Nakayasu. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan debit puncak meningkat seiring bertambahnya kala ulang, yaitu Q2 = 16.169  m³/s; Q5 =20.325 m³/s; Q10 =23.086 m³/s; Q25 =26.535 m³/s; Q50=29.106 m³/s; Q100 =31.666 m³/s.

Simpang empat tak bersinyal memiliki peran penting dalam mengatur pergerakan lalu lintas, namun sering menimbulkan permasalahan ketika volume kendaraan tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kinerja simpang empat tak bersinyal di Simpang Jalan DR. Sutomo, Jalan Lintas Utama Sumatera, dan Jalan Letkol Rusman Effendy Bustan, Kota Baturaja, dengan menggunakan metode Pedoman Kapasitas Jalan Indonesia (PKJI) 2023. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui survei selama tiga hari dengan pengamatan pada jam puncak pagi pukul 07.00-09.00 Wib, siang pukul 12.00-14.00 Wib, dan sore pukul 16.00-18.00 Wib. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa volume lalu lintas tertinggi terjadi pada hari Senin pukul 08.30–08.45 WIB dengan Qtot = 2.932 SMP/jam dan kapasitas simpang C = 3.446 SMP/jam. Perhitungan kinerja simpang menghasilkan derajat kejenuhan (DJ) = 0,85, tundaan rata-rata = 14,57 detik/SMP, dan peluang antrean berkisar 29%–57%. Berdasarkan kriteria PKJI 2023, simpang ini termasuk dalam Tingkat Pelayanan E Situasi ini menunjukkan bahwa kinerja simpang berada pada kondisi kritis dan tidak stabil.  

This qualitative study aims to explore the effectiveness of reward-and-punishment-based Islamic Religious Education in strengthening students' learning motivation at SMA Negeri 1 Bukateja using Travis Hirschi's social control theory framework. This research was conducted through a case study approach in one of the public high schools in Purbalingga Regency. Data were collected through interviews, participant observation, and documentation studies. The results of the study indicate that the implementation of rewards and punishments functions as a social control mechanism that is able to activate four elements of social bonds: attachment, commitment, involvement, and trust. The reward system in the form of praise, certificates, and gifts has been proven to strengthen the emotional bond between students and teachers, thereby increasing active participation and enthusiasm for learning. Meanwhile, educational punishments, such as reprimands, additional assignments, and community service, are able to build student commitment to rules and reduce indiscipline behavior.This study contributes to the development of Islamic education theory through a social control perspective and serves as a practical reference for Islamic Religious Education teachers in designing effective, fair, and sustainable learning systems.

Nugget is a high protein frozen food. Catfish is one of the raw materials that can be used to make nugget Catfish contains high protein, tastes good, has a soft texture and is relatively cheap. To increase the nutritional content, vegetables are added in the processing. Broccoli is one of the vegetables that can be added in making nuggets because contains high fiber and potassium. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of adding broccoli with different concentrations on the crude fiber, potassium and organoleptic values of catfish nuggets. The research design used was a completely randomized design with 4 treatments, each with 3 replications. The treatment in this study was based on the concentration of broccoli added, namely B0 (0%), B1 (25%), B2 (50%) and B3 (75%). Parameters observed were crude fiber, potassium, and organoleptic value of catfish nuggets. The results showed that the addition of broccoli at various concentrations had a significant effect (P<0.05) on crude fiber, and potassium value but had no significant effect on organoleptic values. The most preferred nuggets with the addition of broccoli was treatment B1 (25%). The addition of broccoli in the processing of catfish nuggets can increase crude fiber and potassium.

Mie basah bebas gluten umumnya memiliki kandungan protein yang relatif rendah karena didominasi oleh bahan berpati, sehingga diperlukan upaya peningkatan nilai gizi tanpa menurunkan tingkat penerimaan konsumen. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan tepung ikan teri medan (Stolephorus sp.) terhadap tingkat kesukaan mie basah bebas gluten serta mengetahui karakteristik kimia pada perlakuan terbaik. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan empat taraf penambahan tepung ikan teri medan, yaitu P0 (0 g), P1 (5 g), P2 (10 g), dan P3 (15 g). Tingkat kesukaan dinilai oleh 40 panelis pada parameter warna, aroma, rasa, dan tekstur menggunakan uji hedonik. Data dianalisis menggunakan Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) dan dilanjutkan dengan uji Duncan. Perlakuan terbaik ditentukan menggunakan metode indeks efektivitas dan selanjutnya dianalisis secara proksimat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan tepung ikan teri medan berpengaruh terhadap tingkat kesukaan mie basah bebas gluten. Perlakuan terbaik diperoleh pada P1 (5 g) berdasarkan nilai indeks efektivitas tertinggi. Hasil analisis kimia pada P1 menunjukkan kadar air 37,33%, kadar abu 1,71%, kadar lemak 3,34%, kadar protein 9,76%, dan kadar karbohidrat 47,86%. Kadar protein telah memenuhi persyaratan mutu mie basah berdasarkan SNI 2987:2015, meskipun kadar air masih melebihi standar. Penambahan tepung ikan teri medan berpotensi meningkatkan nilai gizi mie basah bebas gluten dengan tetap mempertahankan tingkat penerimaan konsumen.

Karbohidrat dan protein merupakan nutrisi penting yang dibutuhkan oleh tubuh. Penelitian ini diarahkan untuk melakukan identifikasi kualitatif karbohidrat (gula pereduksi) dengan uji benedict dan uji fehling, serta melakukan identifikasi/konfirmasi protein dengan uji biuret pada berbagai sampel pangan, serta mendiskusikan interpretasi hasil uji. Pada uji biuret, perubahan warna menjadi ungu / violet menandakan adanya protein (ikatan peptida). Pada uji benedict, perubahan warna menjadi hijau berarti terdapat sedikit gula reduksi, kuning berarti sedang, oren berarti signifikan, dan terberntuk endapan merah bata berarti banyak terdapat gula reduksi. Pada uji fehing, hasil positif ditandai dengan berubahnya warna larutan biru menjadi hijau dan terdapat endapan merah bata. Pangan yang signifikan mengandung protein adalah tempe, ayam, nugget, sosis, dan telur mentah. Pangan yang mengandung protein tetapi tidak begitu siginifikan adalah roti tawar dan croissant. Bahan pangan yang tidak terdeteksi adanya kandungan protein pada uji biuret adalah mie dan jeruk nipis. Bahan pangan yang signifikan mengandung gula pereduksi adalah nasi, mie, croissant, dan roti tawar. Bahan pangan yang tidak begitu signifikan mengandung gula pereduksi adalah jeruk nipis, tempe, nugget, dan telur mentah. Bahan pangan yang tidak mengandung gula pereduksi pada penelitian ini adalah ayam dan sosis.

The internship registration process at the Communication and Information Office of Tegal Regency is still carried out manually, resulting in several problems, such as lengthy registration procedures, difficulties in managing and retrieving data, and the risk of document loss. This study aims to design and develop a web-based internship registration information system that supports the registration, verification, selection, and information delivery processes in an integrated manner. The system was developed using the Waterfall method, which consists of requirements analysis, system design, implementation, and testing stages. The application was developed using the Laravel framework and MySQL database. System testing was conducted using the Black Box Testing method to ensure that all system functions operate according to user requirements.The results indicate that the developed system can simplify the internship registration process, improve data management efficiency, accelerate the selection process, and provide real-time registration status information to applicants. Based on the testing results, all system features function properly and meet the predetermined functional requirements.

This study aims to analyze the trends in the prevalence of ischemic heart disease (IHD) in Indonesia from 2019 to 2023 based on data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study, with a focus on gender differences between males and females. The data used in this study includes detailed prevalence data for IHD based on province and gender. The analysis reveals that the prevalence of IHD is higher in males than in females, with greater fluctuations observed in females, particularly after menopause. Although there are significant differences in the prevalence across several provinces, risk factors such as smoking, obesity, hypertension, and diabetes contribute significantly to the increasing prevalence of this disease. However, the differences in prevalence between provinces and genders are not always statistically significant, indicating that other factors such as access to healthcare, lifestyle, and socio-economic factors also influence the distribution of this disease. This study provides valuable insights for the development of gender-based heart disease prevention policies and introduces more targeted interventions.

This study aims to systematically analyze the implementation of severance pay policy as a manifestation of post-employment compensation and its profound impact on the harmony of industrial relations within the regulatory framework of the Omnibus Law in Indonesia. Utilizing a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) methodology aligned with the PRISMA framework, this research comprehensively synthesizes data from 25 selected academic articles encompassing human resource management, employment law, and organizational behavior. The findings reveal that the paradigm shift from the previous labor regulations to the Omnibus Law framework has fundamentally altered the calculation mechanisms and statutory floors for severance pay. While these legislative adjustments are strategically designed to enhance organizational agility and mitigate financial distress for corporations, they have engendered substantial apprehension among the workforce regarding the degradation of normative rights. Consequently, this policy transformation presents a critical challenge to sustaining industrial harmony, frequently precipitating labor disputes, diminishing employee morale, and intensifying bipartite conflicts. This study recommends that human resource practitioners proactively develop transparent communication strategies and design complementary post-employment benefit architectures to restore distributive justice. Furthermore, policymakers are urged to institute robust oversight mechanisms to ensure equitable implementation and safeguard worker welfare without compromising long-term business sustainability.