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Penerapan asas sederhana, cepat, dan biaya ringan merupakan prinsip fundamental dalam penyelenggaraan peradilan sebagaimana diatur dalam Pasal 2 ayat (4) Undang-Undang Nomor 48 Tahun 2009 tentang Kekuasaan Kehakiman. Namun, dalam praktiknya, penerapan asas tersebut masih menghadapi berbagai kendala, termasuk pada perkara yang memiliki tingkat kompleksitas rendah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis efektivitas penerapan asas sederhana, cepat, dan biaya ringan dalam Putusan Nomor 73/Pdt.G/2025/PN Yyk serta mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan penerapannya belum optimal. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan kasus, yang dianalisis secara deskriptif kualitatif melalui studi terhadap peraturan perundang-undangan, doktrin hukum, dan putusan pengadilan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa asas sederhana dan biaya ringan telah diterapkan dengan baik, terlihat dari ruang lingkup sengketa yang terbatas, pembuktian yang sederhana, serta biaya perkara yang relatif terjangkau. Namun, asas cepat belum terlaksana secara optimal karena penyelesaian perkara tetap memerlukan waktu sekitar empat bulan meskipun tergugat mengakui dalil gugatan dan didukung alat bukti ilmiah berupa hasil pemeriksaan DNA. Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi belum optimalnya penerapan asas tersebut meliputi kegagalan mediasi, adanya perbaikan gugatan (renvoi), kecenderungan formalistik dalam pelaksanaan prosedur peradilan, serta faktor administrasi dan manajemen peradilan. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan optimalisasi peran mediator, peningkatan kualitas penyusunan gugatan, penerapan manajemen perkara yang lebih adaptif, serta pemanfaatan teknologi peradilan secara maksimal guna mewujudkan peradilan yang lebih efektif, efisien, dan berorientasi pada akses terhadap keadilan.

Pernikahan dini masih menjadi tantangan hak asasi manusia dan hukum yang serius di Indonesia, dengan perempuan dan anak sebagai kelompok yang paling rentan terdampak. Penelitian ini mengkaji dampak hukum dan psikologis pernikahan dini pada perempuan dan anak dalam kerangka hukum Indonesia. Dengan menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif normatif-empiris, data dikumpulkan melalui analisis sistematis terhadap sumber hukum primer, termasuk UU No. 16 Tahun 2019 tentang perubahan UU Perkawinan No. 1 Tahun 1974, UU Perlindungan Anak No. 23 Tahun 2002, dan berbagai putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi, serta sumber sekunder berupa jurnal ilmiah, laporan pemerintah, dan studi kasus periode 2015–2024. Data dianalisis menggunakan metode analisis isi dan perbandingan hukum. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pernikahan dini secara sistematis melanggar hak konstitusional anak atas pendidikan, kesehatan, dan perlindungan dari eksploitasi. Secara psikologis, perempuan yang menikah sebelum usia 18 tahun jauh lebih rentan terhadap gangguan stres pascatrauma, depresi, dan hambatan perkembangan identitas diri. Secara hukum, meskipun batas usia perkawinan minimum telah direvisi menjadi 19 tahun untuk kedua pihak, kesenjangan implementasi masih terjadi akibat tingginya angka permohonan dispensasi nikah dan lemahnya mekanisme penegakan hukum. Artikel ini berargumen bahwa reformasi hukum saja tidak memadai; perlu disertai dengan intervensi kebijakan multisektoral, pelatihan hakim tentang hak anak, serta program pencegahan berbasis komunitas.

This study aims to explain the influence of product innovation, Digital marketing, word of mouth on purchasing decisions of MSME products in Bali Creative. The sample used in this study was 100 respondents with the category of Bali Creative consumers who have shopped at Bali Creative. The sampling method used was purposive sampling technique. Data analysis techniques used were validity test, reliability test, classical regression assumption test, multiple regression analysis, coefficient of determination test, partial test (T test), simultaneous test (F test) using the SPSS 26 application. The conclusion of this study is that there is a positive and significant influence between the product innovation variable (X1) on product purchasing decisions (Y) partially obtained t-value 3.951 with a significance level value of 0.000. There is a positive but insignificant influence between the Digital marketing variable (X2) on product purchasing decisions (Y) partially obtained t-value 1.585 with a significance level value of 0.116. There is a positive and significant influence between the Word of mouth variable (X3) on product purchasing decisions (Y) partially, the calculated t is 7,943 with a significance level of 0.00. There is a positive and significant influence between product innovation (X1), Digital marketing (X2) and Word of mouth (X3) on product purchasing decisions (Y), the calculated F is 43,926 with a significance value of 0.000.

This study aims to analyze the forms, patterns, and challenges of collaborative governance in the supervision of the 2024 Badung Regent and Vice Regent Election. The main issue examined is the inter-institutional relationship established by the Badung Regency Election Supervisory Agency (Bawaslu) in strengthening electoral supervision through cooperation with various stakeholders. This research employs a descriptive qualitative approach using document analysis. The primary data were derived from the Final Report on Prevention, Supervision, Participatory Supervision, and Inter-Institutional Relations of Bawaslu Badung Regency in 2024, while supporting data were obtained from the Final Report on the Handling of Violations in the 2024 Badung Regent and Vice Regent Election. The unit of analysis consists of official documents containing data on memoranda of understanding, audiences, coordination meetings, participatory supervision, and the dynamics of alleged electoral violations. The findings indicate that collaborative governance is reflected in five main dimensions: starting conditions, institutional design, facilitative leadership, collaborative process, and outcomes. Bawaslu Badung Regency’s collaboration was manifested through 16 memoranda of understanding, 9 audiences, cross-actor coordination forums, and the involvement of media, universities, civil society organizations, religious organizations, and local communities. However, this collaboration still faces challenges, including the need for technical follow-up, stronger routine communication, and systematic evaluation of cooperation. This study contributes to public administration scholarship by positioning electoral supervision as a collaborative governance practice rather than merely a technical institutional function.

This study investigates the decoupling phenomenon between ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) sustainability reporting and communal Tri Hita Karana (THK) sustainability practices in a Rural Bank in Bali. Through Ethnographic Content Analysis (ECA) of official documents from BPR Luhur Damai covering 2023–2025, this study identifies that the Sustainability Report (SR), prepared strictly according to Financial Services Authority Regulation (POJK) 51/2017, does not incorporate substantial THK practices, namely banten (ceremonial offerings) Rp131.6 million, dana punia (religious donations) Rp8.5 million, and monthly banjar (communal community unit) contributions, producing a Hindu religious expenditure to formal Social and Environmental Responsibility (SER) ratio of 10:1. Drawing on the Institutional Logics perspective, this study identifies four decoupling mechanisms: (1) cognitive, namely THK as taken-for-granted, not perceived as “sustainability”; (2) administrative, namely departmental silos between Compliance and General Affairs; (3) template, namely POJK 51/2017 provides no space for local wisdom; and (4) capacity, namely limited Human Resources (HR) and institutional capacity. These findings lead to the concept of “invisible sustainability,” that is, real sustainability contributions that are invisible to conventional reporting frameworks, and “cultural accounting gap,” that is, the absence of accounting categories for local cultural-religious contributions. The theoretical contribution is demonstrating that decoupling in Global South contexts is not merely symbolic compliance but results from structural misalignment between transnational and communal logics that renders local sustainability contributions institutionally invisible.

Technological developments have led to a shift from traditional sales promotion to digital sales promotion. A new phenomenon has emerged, namely the integration of social media platforms and e-commerce. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of sales promotion and positive emotions on impulsive buying, as well as the mediating role of positive emotions on TikTok Shop users in Denpasar. The results of this study were obtained using the SEM-PLS method. The results of this study indicate that positive emotions and sales promotions have a significant influence on impulsive purchasing of products on TikTok Shop, sales promotions have a significant influence on positive emotions when purchasing products on TikTok Shop, and positive emotions can mediate the influence of sales promotions on impulsive purchasing of products on TikTok Shop.  

This study aims to describe the intrinsic structure and analyze the psychological aspects of the main characters in the three short stories based on Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory. The research uses a qualitative approach with descriptive methods. Data sources are texts from three satua cutet in the Nimbang Rasa anthology: I Kucil by I Komang Tri Nanda Defhayana, Idup Lara by Ni Wayan Esa Juliantini, and Pajalan Keneh by Ni Putu Ayu Ari Astiti. Results show that the intrinsic structure of all three stories employs a linear plot, with themes of diligence, perseverance, and courage. Psychological analysis based on Freud's id, ego, and superego theory reveals that I Kucil is dominated by id impulses in the form of aggressive emotion due to injustice; Ani demonstrates a strong ego in withstanding social pressure and a firm superego in upholding moral values; while Gékyu shows a balance between ego and superego when facing abuse from a teacher. This research is expected to serve as a reference in Balinese literary studies, particularly in the field of literary psychology.

Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the oldest infectious diseases that has been present throughout human history and remains a significant public health problem worldwide today. Technological developments have enabled TB detection using the GeneXpert® MTB/RIF Molecular Rapid Test (TCM). Fast and accurate laboratory testing is essential in healthcare services. This study aims to analyze the timeliness of sputum sample delivery at the Pangala Community Health Center (UPT Puskesmas Pangala), using a qualitative research design, namely a descriptive type of research by observing sputum samples stored at the Pangala Community Health Center (UPT Puskesmas Pangala) before being sent to the reference laboratory. The sample in this study was 36 samples taken by total sampling. The results showed that there were 29 samples sent within a period of <7 days and 7 samples sent within a period of 8-14 days. This finding proves that there is inaccuracy in sending sputum samples at the Pangala Community Health Center (UPT Puskesmas Pangala). It is hoped that future researchers can touch on aspects of sample quality such as sample volume, sample color, and sample consistency.

This study compares the Single Index Model and the Black-Litterman model in forming an optimal stock portfolio on a fixed sample of recurrent IDX30 constituents in order to assess differences in portfolio composition, return, risk, and risk-adjusted performance in the Indonesian capital market. This study compares the Single Index Model and the Black-Litterman model in forming an optimal stock portfolio on a fixed sample of recurrent IDX30 constituents in order to assess differences in portfolio composition, return, risk, and risk-adjusted performance in the Indonesian capital market. The Single Index Model produced a more diversified 9-stock portfolio and the stronger Sharpe ratio, while the Black-Litterman model produced a more concentrated 3-stock portfolio with higher expected return, higher Treynor ratio, and higher Jensen’s alpha. The results indicate that no single model dominates on all criteria. The Single Index Model is more favorable from the perspective of total-risk-adjusted efficiency, whereas the Black-Litterman model is more favorable from the perspective of return orientation and systematic-risk-adjusted performance. Future research should strengthen the economic justification of investor views and expand the benchmark comparison to broader Indonesian stock universes..

This research aims to analyze the legal protection of workers' rights during Termination of Employment (PHK) due to company bankruptcy, as well as assessing the conformity between applicable legal provisions and practice in the field. The method used is normative legal research with a statutory and factual approach. The research examines various legal regulations related to employment and bankruptcy, as well as the implementation of these regulations in resolving employment disputes. The research results show that the regulation of layoffs according to Law Number 6 of 2023 concerning Job Creation emphasizes that layoffs are the termination of the employment relationship due to certain things which result in the end of the rights and obligations between workers and employers which is a last resort. In practice, however, workers often experience difficulties in obtaining their normative rights, especially when companies face financial instability or insolvency. Then the responsibilities that can be carried out by companies to realize fair legal protection for workers are divided into 2 (two) efforts, namely preventive and repressive. Preventive efforts include compliance with labor regulations and transparent communication, while repressive efforts are carried out through dispute settlement and fulfillment of workers’ compensation rights. This research confirms the existence of a gap between legal norms and practice in the field. Therefore, it is necessary to increase legal awareness and strengthen regulatory enforcement to ensure the fulfillment of the rights of workers affected by layoffs.

Background:Reproductive health education plays a crucial role, particularly for adolescents with disabilities, in maintaining their reproductive health. One effort to reduce menstrual-related problems is by developing hygienic behaviors. Menstrual personal hygiene refers to individual cleanliness practices aimed at maintaining, preserving, and improving personal hygiene and health to achieve physical and psychological well-being through the implementation of hygienic actions during menstruation. Objective; This study aimed to identify factors associated with menstrual personal hygiene behavior among adolescents with disabilities as part of long-term care. Methods:This study employed a correlational analytic design with a cross-sectional approach. The sample consisted of 36 respondents, selected using a total sampling technique. Data were collected using a questionnaire. Data analysis was conducted using bivariate analysis with the Chi-square test. Results: The results showed that variables significantly associated with respondents’ menstrual personal hygiene behavior were knowledge (p-value = 0.018), family support (p-value = 0.003), and adequacy of facilities and infrastructure (p-value = 0.003). Meanwhile, self-motivation was not significantly associated with menstrual personal hygiene behavior (p-value = 0.124). Conclusion: Therefore, nurses and healthcare providers are encouraged to enhance reproductive health education, involve families, and promote the provision of disability-friendly facilities to support long-term care for adolescents with disabilities.

Background: Diffable children have a higher risk of developing caries compared to normal children. Objective: This study aims to determine the prevalence of caries in deaf children aged 12-18 years in Denpasar City. Method: This study design was cross-sectional analytic and the target population was deaf children in Denpasar City. The variables studied were sociodemographic characteristics, knowledge, and behavior of maintaining oral health and caries prevalence. Data were collected through interviews using questionnaires and intra-oral examinations. The collected data were analyzed using the chi-square test. Result: The prevalence of caries in deaf children is 81.7%. There was a tendency for boys, age group 12-14 years, poor knowledge and poor behavior to experience dental caries. However, from the results of the analytical test, only gender showed a significant relationship with caries (boys had a risk of 1.3 times (CI95%=1.125-1.741) having caries compared to girls). Conclusion: The prevalence of dental caries in deaf children is quite high, especially boys are more at risk than girls. Efforts are needed to increase knowledge and monitor the oral health behaviour of deaf children, especially boys, and to promote early detection of dental caries with support of parents, teachers, health services and the health office.

This study analyzes how Abuela Alma Madrigal's behaviors toward her family in Disney's Encanto (2021) are influenced by Jungian archetypes. The psychological analysis of matriarchal characters in animated films has received little attention, despite the widespread usage of Jungian theory in film analysis. The aim of this study is to identify the Jungian archetypes that Abuela embodies and analyze how they influence her relationships with the Madrigal family. Data was gathered by repeatedly watching the movie using a qualitative, descriptive approach. Jung's archetypal theory (1959) served as the main framework for the analysis of a selection of dialogues that were transcribed and classified based on specific archetypes. The results show that Abuela's behavior is greatly influenced by five archetypes. She is motivated by the persona archetype to maintain a public persona of magical perfection, valuing each family member according to how they contribute to this image. The trauma of losing her husband Pedro is the source of the Shadow archetype, which takes the form of denial and blame projection until Mirabel confronts it. The Great Mother archetype illustrates how her parental love turned into conditional acceptance and overprotection. The Wise Old Woman archetype highlights the difference between her appearance of authority and the personal doubt she carries. Finally, the Self archetype signifies her psychological transformation as she completely accepts the value of each family member and integrates her suppressed fears, completing Jung's individuation process. These results validate that Jungian theory provides a useful framework for analyzing matriarchal characters in animated films and show how universal psychological patterns associated with trauma, authority, and family dynamics can be meaningfully reflected in modern animated films.

Land tenure through certificates as valid proof of rights had been recognized, yet in practice damaged certificates still caused administrative obstacles at the BPN of Tabanan Regency. The objective of this research was to analyze the mechanism of replacing damaged Certificates of Ownership and to identify the inhibiting factors in the process. This research used an empirical legal method (socio-legal research) with statutory, conceptual, and factual approaches. Data were collected through interviews with officials at the Tabanan Land Office and literature studies from legal documents and academic sources. The findings showed that the replacement mechanism started with application submission, data matching with the land book, a 30-day public announcement period, field verification including re-measurement if physical data could not be read, and issuance of a replacement certificate directed toward an electronic system. The study also found that the main inhibiting factors included administrative constraints, incomplete documents, unclear legal subjects, potential land disputes, low public understanding, and limited digitalization. These findings indicated that although the mechanism had been regulated, its implementation still faced obstacles affecting legal certainty and service effectiveness. This research implied the need to improve services, legal awareness, and digital transformation.

. Studies on the use of a digital storybook for teaching English to young learners have been abundant; however, the integration of independence values into the story for elementary school students in Indonesia has received limited attention. Independence is one of the characters that educate young learners to become responsible and self-reliant. This study aims to design a digital storybook that integrates independence value into English language learning materials for fifth-grade students. Using a qualitative Design-Based Research (DBR) approach, this study employed a design framework as the main research instrument, derived from character education theory, Teaching English to Young Learners (TEYL), and multimedia learning theory. Data were collected through the analyses of curriculum policies, English textbooks, children’s literature, character education, and multimedia learning. This study produced a digital storybook entitled Lisa Can Do It, which can be expected to become a medium to learn English and at the same time educate children about independence value. Findings indicate that character-based digital storybooks demonstrate the potential to integrate language learning with character education, providing a foundation for the design and implementation of digital learning materials integrated with character in English language education in elementary schools. Further research should focus on the implementation of the product to evaluate its impact on student learning outcomes.

Copyright is an exclusive right granted to creators to protect their intellectual works. The importance of copyright protection has increased with advances in digital technology and the widespread use of social media as a means of content distribution. Digital platforms such as YouTube, Instagram, TikTok, and various other streaming services facilitate the distribution of digital works, but also give rise to problems such as piracy and the use of works without the permission of the copyright owner. This digital piracy can result in economic and moral losses for creators. This study aims to analyze the application of copyright in the context of social media and examine the legal regulations governing copyright protection to address digital piracy in Indonesia. The method used in this study is a normative legal research method with a statutory and conceptual approach. The results show that legal protection for digital works is regulated by Law Number 28 of 2014 concerning Copyright and is strengthened by Law Number 1 of 2024 concerning Electronic Information and Transactions. These two regulations provide a legal basis for protecting the moral and economic rights of creators and authorize the government to block access to content that infringes copyright. These regulations are expected to reduce digital piracy and create a digital ecosystem that respects intellectual property rights.

This study conceptually examines the influence of assurer type, assurance standards, and assurance level on the breadth of assurance statements in sustainability reports. Moving beyond prior literature that treats assurance as a binary variable (presence versus absence), this paper highlights disclosure breadth as a critical dimension of assurance quality and substance. Drawing on legitimacy theory and complemented by institutional theory, the study argues that the technical configuration of assurance shapes the quality of organizational legitimacy obtained by firms. Specifically, the type of assurer (public accounting firms versus non-accounting providers), the standards adopted (e.g., ISAE 3000 and/or AA1000AS), and the level of assurance (limited versus reasonable) influence the structure, systematic presentation, and comprehensiveness of assurance statements. Firms that engage reputable providers, apply globally institutionalized standards, and select reasonable assurance are more likely to issue broader and more detailed statements. In contrast, weaker institutional pressures may encourage symbolic assurance practices characterized by minimal disclosure. The study contributes theoretically by extending legitimacy theory to the technical dimensions of assurance and positioning disclosure breadth as a proxy for substantive legitimacy. Practically, it suggests that regulators and companies should emphasize transparency and comprehensiveness in assurance statements to enhance credibility and discourage symbolic sustainability reporting practices.

A Limited Liability Company as a legal entity is required to update and adjust its corporate data in accordance with the provisions of the Company Law (UUPT). These obligations include amendments to the articles of association, changes to company administrative data, and reporting Beneficial Ownership information integrated with the Legal Entity Administration System (SABH) and the Online Single Submission Risk-Based Approach (OSS-RBA) system. This study aims to examine the juridical urgency of updating corporate data and to analyze the legal consequences of non-compliance, which may result in the blocking of SABH access and disruption of business activities. This research employs a normative legal method using statutory and conceptual approaches supported by primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials analyzed qualitatively. The findings indicate that updating corporate data is essential for ensuring legal certainty, transparency, and corporate accountability. Failure to fulfill these obligations, including Beneficial Ownership reporting, may lead to administrative sanctions such as written warnings, suspension of SABH access, and obstacles in taxation and business licensing processes through OSS-RBA. The blocking of SABH access restricts companies from carrying out certain legal actions and may affect business continuity. In practice, notaries play a strategic role in facilitating corporate data adjustments through the AHU Online system. Therefore, greater corporate compliance and improved synchronization of legal administration systems are necessary to support legal certainty and a transparent business environment.

The rapid development of digital technology has led to an increased adoption of digital payment methods in online transaction-based businesses. However, in practice, failures and limitations in the implementation of digital payment systems still occur, potentially disrupting transaction processes and reducing customer convenience. Payment related obstacles may result in transaction cancellations and increase the risk of customer churn. This study aims to analyze the impact of failures and limitations in digital payment methods on customer churn using a classification-based approach. The data used in this research are secondary e-commerce customer data obtained from the Kaggle platform, including transaction information, payment methods, customer behavior, and historical transaction records. The research methodology consists of data preprocessing, time-based feature engineering, and classification modeling using logistic regression, decision tree, and random forest algorithms. Model performance is evaluated using accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score, and confusion matrix metrics. The results indicate that the decision tree model demonstrates superior capability in identifying churn customers compared to the other models, although it does not always achieve the highest accuracy. In addition to digital payment methods, other factors such as purchase value, transaction frequency, purchase timing patterns, and product return rates also influence customer churn. The findings highlight the importance of optimizing digital payment systems as part of customer experience enhancement strategies and customer retention efforts in online transaction–based businesses.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) requires comprehensive management beyond pharmacological therapy, including sustainable lifestyle-based interventions. Yoga asana, as a form of mind–body intervention, integrates physical postures, breathing techniques, and relaxation practices that may influence metabolic and psychosocial pathways relevant to T2DM. This article aimed to synthesize evidence regarding the physiological mechanisms, clinical effectiveness, and healthcare implementation context of yoga asana in T2DM management, as well as to discuss the role of physicians in integrating this complementary therapy, including within health tourism settings. A narrative literature review was conducted using scientific databases, focusing on publications addressing yoga asana, mind–body interventions, T2DM, and clinical integration. The findings indicate that yoga asana is associated with improved glycemic control, including reductions in fasting blood glucose, postprandial glucose, and HbA1c, alongside modulation of stress-related physiological parameters and psychological well-being. Beyond clinical outcomes, yoga asana shows potential for community-based and health tourism contexts as part of chronic disease lifestyle management. Physicians play a central role in clinical assessment, patient education, coordination with complementary therapy providers, and ongoing monitoring to ensure safe, evidence-based integration. Although current evidence suggests consistent beneficial trends, methodological heterogeneity highlights the need for more standardized and mechanistic research.