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This research specifically examines how the involvement of the community in the process of digitizing services at the population and civil registration office of Gorontalo City. Co-production is a collaboration between the government and the community to improve the quality, effectiveness, and satisfaction of services. The main problems in this study are the low participation of the community in population administration and challenges in the efficiency of services and the use of digital technology. The method used is qualitative descriptive through observation, interviews, and documentation. The results of the study show that co-production has been implemented through community involvement in data verification, the use of digital services, and active communication between officers and the community. However, there are still obstacles such as low digital literacy and limited human resources. In addition, technology infrastructure and internet access factors also affect the optimization of digital services. This study concludes that co-production is able to increase the effectiveness, responsiveness, and accountability of public services, although efforts are still needed to increase institutional capacity and community participation in a sustainable manner as well as a more inclusive digital education strategy.

Culinary micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in Banjarnegara face significant challenges in managing innovations and implementing adequate hygiene standards. The limited knowledge and skills of MSME actors in these two aspects have an impact on low competitiveness and business sustainability in the midst of increasingly fierce market competition. This community service program aims to increase the capacity of culinary MSMEs through innovation management training and the implementation of hygiene standards. The program methodology includes a series of workshops, training sessions, and hands-on mentoring that are designed in a participatory and contextual manner according to local needs. The training material is comprehensively arranged, covering theoretical and practical aspects relevant to the characteristics of culinary MSMEs in Banjarnegara. The results of the program implementation showed a significant increase in participants' understanding of the importance of product innovation and the implementation of hygiene standards. The real impact of this program can be seen in improving product quality and variety, production process efficiency, and increasing revenue by 30-50% within six months after training. In addition, there has been a change in business behavior that is more adaptive and sustainability-oriented. The success of this program confirms the importance of a structured and participatory approach in empowering MSMEs, and shows that interventions based on local needs can produce significant economic and social impacts. The implementation model of this program has the potential to be replicated for the development of MSMEs in other sectors and regions with appropriate contextual adjustments.

This study aims to describe and analyze: the effectiveness of the implementation of the Revenue and Expenditure Budget policy and the implications of the implementation of the Regional Budget and Expenditure policy in Lumajang Regency. The data analysis technique uses the technique developed by McNabb (2002), namely Grouping the data according to key constructs, Identifying bases for interpretation, Developing generalizations from the data, Testing Alternative interpretations and Forming and/or refining generalizable theory from case study. The results of the study show that regional financial policies in Lumajang Regency, especially the policy of increasing Regional Original Revenue (PAD), are inseparable from the Central Government's policies in the framework of financial relations between the Central and Regional Governments. Meanwhile, the Lumajang Regency Government's policies to increase Regional Original Revenue (PAD/Pendapatan Asli Daerah) include: Digitalization to increase the efficiency and transparency of financial management, Adjustment of regional taxes and levies, Re-collection of taxpayers, Cooperation with the private sector and NGOs in the management and collection of regional taxes and Improvement of regional tax management management. The model of the implementation of the Regional Original Revenue (PAD) policy implementation model in Lumajang Regency is Top Down. The Government of Lumajang Regency, East Java is committed to continuing to encourage an increase in Regional Original Revenue (PAD). The contribution of Lumajang Regency's PAD in 2024 compared to the APBD (Anggaran Pendapatan Belanja Daeerah) structure only reaches 16 percent, so that to meet the needs of the expenditure budget in the APBD budgeting structure, it still depends on transfer funds, To reduce dependence on transfer funds, the government is optimizing regional tax revenues, especially from the Rural and Urban Land and Building Tax (PBB-P2). The implication is that to increase regional tax and levy revenues, efforts are needed to increase production and business capacity in the regions. Increasing production capacity and business activities is an important factor to increase regional tax and levy revenues. In addition, it is also necessary to increase the capacity of regional tax administration as one of the requirements to increase tax capacity and effort in the regions (taxable capacity and tax effort).

The study "European Union Energy Policy After Russia's Attack on Ukraine in February 2022" analyzes the EU's energy policies in response to the energy crisis caused by the attack, which disrupted the EU's heavily Russian-dependent energy supply. Using a qualitative method with a descriptive analytical approach, the research identifies the EU's strategic steps to reduce energy dependence on Russia and transition to sustainable energy. The findings highlight the REPowerEU policy, under Regulation (EU) 2023/435, as the primary response, focusing on diversifying energy imports, increasing renewable energy production, promoting energy efficiency, and enhancing energy infrastructure. Key initiatives include renewable energy projects like solar power in Spain and Portugal, the North Sea Wind Power Hub, and the Celtic Interconnection project, as well as the Renovation Wave Initiative to improve building energy efficiency. These measures aim to address the immediate energy crisis and build a sustainable, resilient energy future for the EU. The study provides academic insights into EU energy policy and security, serving as a reference for those interested in energy policy and international energy security.

The growth of motorized vehicles is influenced by increased vehicle production and limited public transportation services. The government has launched various models of public transportation to overcome traffic jams in Surabaya due to lack of attention to public transportation. The aim of this research is to find out and analyze the implementation of the policy for organizing people's transportation on the road by public transportation as an effort to reduce congestion in the city of Surabaya and to find out and analyze the factors that influence the implementation of the policy for organizing people's transportation on the road by public transportation as an effort to reduce congestion in the city. Surabaya. This type of research is qualitative research with descriptive methods. The findings from the research results show that in implementing regional regulation policy number 07/2006 concerning public transport on the road, the Surabaya city government has collaborated with transport organizations, operators, public transport owners and the community effectively. The Surabaya government is also increasing the implementation of these policies to achieve the goals of reducing congestion and increasing the efficiency of public transport.