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Community Health Centers (Puskesmas) are facilities established to implement promotive, preventive, curative, and rehabilitative health services by the government, local authorities, and the community. The system of drug planning and procurement plays a pivotal role in determining drug availability and the budget allocation required. This study aims to evaluate the process of drug planning and procurement using a combination of the ABC-VEN and Reorder Point (ROP) methods at the Belik Community Health Center, Pemalang Regency. This research is a descriptive analysis employing a retrospective case study design with data collection from January to December 2023 and supported by interviews. The results show that the ABC-VEN combination analysis identified: AV group (1 item; 0.29%; cost IDR 4,662,000), AE (45 items; 12.86%; IDR 271,578,813), AN (7 items; 2.00%; IDR 65,272,502), BV (7 items; 2.00%; IDR 7,825,526), BE (53 items; 15.14%; IDR 70,352,382), BN (11 items; 3.14%; IDR 15,283,936), CV (19 items; 5.43%; IDR 3,687,488), CE (194 items; 55.43%; IDR 42,690,036), and CN (13 items; 3.71%; IDR 2,779,589). Drugs in groups AN, BN, and CN (Additional group) should be prioritized for reduction; AE, BE, and CE (Main group) are second priority; while AV, BV, and CV (Priority group) must always be available. The highest Reorder Point (ROP) was for Dexamethasone at 64,067 tablets, while the lowest was Betason skin ointment with 0 tubes.

Competition between business actors can occur unfairly by colluding between business actors or with other parties, thus harming consumers and even state finances. With the occurrence of tender collusion, there is a conspiracy, lying behavior or an unlawful act by violating a government procurement mechanism, so that it has an impact on the government procurement contract made between business actors and the tender committee related to the validity and legal consequences of the implementation of the government procurement contract. In the provisions of the procurement of goods and services, if the parties commit a tender collusion, administrative sanctions will be imposed on the parties if proven, through civil dispute resolution. This means that the government procurement contract and services remain valid and binding on the parties, and cannot be terminated unilaterally by the organizing committee. This study uses a legal document approach. In various cases of tender collusion in the procurement of goods and services, the parties involved are processed criminally by law enforcement, but the procurement contracts for goods and services that have been made previously remain valid and are continued until completion, so it is necessary to conduct a legal analysis related to the status of the validity of the contract in tender collusion.

The resolution of disputes in infrastructure projects requires an effective mechanism to ensure smooth project implementation. The fraudulent bank guarantee case in the Pandaan-Malang Toll Road project revealed weaknesses in public procurement oversight, where PT Setdco submitted a falsified bank guarantee, potentially causing losses to the Ministry of Public Works (PU) amounting to IDR 26.09 billion. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of arbitration as a dispute resolution mechanism in this case. The research employs a descriptive-analytical method with a qualitative approach, utilizing primary data such as arbitration documents and contracts, and secondary data from legal literature and media reports. The findings indicate that arbitration conducted through BANI provided a fast, fair, and binding solution for the disputing parties. However, the effectiveness of arbitration relies on the supervision of award implementation and regulations supporting accountability. In conclusion, arbitration can be a reliable mechanism for resolving infrastructure disputes if supported by an adequate system.

People's mining activities in Gamey Village, Uwapa District, Nabire Regency, Central Papua Province are carried out to meet daily needs and improve the welfare of the local community. This mining activity is based on alluvial deposit conditions and is applied for mining sediments on the surface and using alcon machines. for high pressure water spray. This community mining activity is divided into several stages starting from preparation of mining land, processing and production processes as well as selling gold products for sale. This research aims to examine the gold processing used by small-scale miners in Uwapa District, Gamey Village, and its impact on the environment and public health. The main focus of this research is on the use of the sluice box method, which is the gold processing technique most commonly used by local communities. This method was chosen for its simplicity and low cost, although the gold recovery efficiency varies between 50-70%. Additionally, this research evaluates alternative technologies such as shake tables and centrifuges that can increase gold recovery efficiency and be more environmentally friendly. The research results show that the implementation of alternative technology requires training, procurement of adequate equipment and infrastructure as well as ongoing monitoring. By adopting better technology, it is hoped that gold mining activities in Gamey Village can run more productively and sustainably, improving community welfare without damaging the environment.

In the modern business world, catering companies face significant challenges in managing complex operations such as order management, inventory, production, and delivery. Many catering companies struggle to align their business processes with the evolving needs of consumers, leading to inefficient resource utilization and declining service quality. This study aims to identify the key components and interactions among components in a business architecture based on The Open Group Architecture Framework (TOGAF). The research method employs the Architecture Development Method (ADM) approach from TOGAF, involving stages of requirements analysis and conceptual business architecture design. Research data were obtained through observations of ERP systems used by catering companies, covering order management, inventory management, production, delivery, procurement, and finance. The results reveal the identification of components and their interactions that support operational process integration and enhance resource efficiency. These findings are expected to serve as a foundation for developing a more integrated, strategic, and adaptive business architecture to support the sustainability of catering companies.

Harapan Baru is a crab procurement business that serves as a critical link between fishermen and pond farmers. Crabs, as the primary commodity, are subject to significant price fluctuations and quality variations. This study aims to evaluate the economic viability of Harapan Baru's operations by analyzing costs, revenue, and profitability. Employing a critical incident technique, the research found that the First-In-First-Out (FIFO) inventory management method and Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) model significantly enhance operational efficiency. By ensuring timely inventory turnover and optimizing order quantities, these methods mitigate risks associated with demand variability, climate change, and operational challenges. Moreover, the study underscores the essential role of mangrove ecosystems in sustaining crab populations and the economic benefits derived from this natural resource. The integration of technology and SWOT analysis highlights the potential for Harapan Baru to enhance its competitive advantage and contribute to the long-term sustainability of the fisheries industry.

Good pharmaceutical procurement management can prevent stock shortages, reduce costs, and improve healthcare service quality. However, issues such as medication shortages, delayed procurement, and discrepancies between demand and supply are still common. This literature review aims to analyze pharmaceutical procurement management in hospital pharmacy units. The literature search yielded 10 relevant articles on pharmaceutical procurement management in hospital pharmacy units. The databases used were Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, and Semantic Scholar. The keywords used were management, pharmaceutical procurement, and hospital. The search results underwent a screening process using the PICO elements and the CRAAP method. The findings indicate that pharmaceutical management in various hospitals has shown progress, but still faces challenges such as inaccurate data collection, delayed drug supply, and storage facilities that do not meet standards. Other obstacles include limited funds, inability to pay on time, and a lack of integrated information systems. However, some aspects are well-managed, such as the use of e-purchasing and proper drug storage categorization.

Al-kautsar 561 Islamic Boarding School Agriculture in carrying out the program to provide agricultural production facilities has problems in the procurement and distribution process of agricultural production facilities. The purpose of this paper is: (1) To examine the saprotan supply program and the saprotan procurement planning system in agriculture at Al-kautsar 561 Islamic Boarding School, (2) To study the saprotan procurement system in agriculture at Al-kautsar 561 Islamic Boarding School, and (3) To study the saprotan distribution system in Al-kautsar 561 Islamic Boarding School. The data collection method used is the method of active participation, observation, and active role in agricultural activities at the Al-kautsar 561 Islamic Boarding School. Using primary data and secondary data and using qualitative descriptive analysis. The process of procurement of agricultural production facilities uses a centralized system, namely by the Supply Chain Officer, the process of distributing agricultural production facilities uses a direct distribution system.

Disbursement of funds is a stage carried out by the KPPN to provide funds to the entitled party or partner based on the Direct Payment Order (SPM-LS) issued by the Budget User Officer or Budget User Authorization, in accordance with valid evidence of expenditure. This process includes two main categories, namely employee expenses such as (salary, allowances, honorariums, and overtime) and non-employee expenses which include procurement of goods and services, as well as payment of utility costs such as (electricity, telephone, and air). This study aims to analyze the direct disbursement procedure at the Malang State Treasury Service Office. The technique used in this study is descriptive qualitative, where the data collected is analyzed to draw conclusions. The results of the study indicate that the direct disbursement procedure at the Malang KPPN is in accordance with the Regulation of the Minister of Finance Number 178 / PMK.05 / 2018 concerning Payment Procedures in the Framework of Implementing the State Revenue and Expenditure Budget.

The management of pharmaceutical supplies in the Pharmacy Installation of a hospital consists of nine aspects: selection, demand planning, procurement, acceptance, storage, distribution, destruction and withdrawal, control, and administration. This study aims to analyze the management of pharmaceutical supplies at a hospital in Medan in 2023 using a qualitative method through direct observation and in-depth interviews with both primary and secondary data. Interviews were conducted with nine informants, including key informants, main informants, and supporting informants. The results of the study indicate that, overall, the management of pharmaceutical supplies is functioning well but not yet optimal. Three aspects that have been well implemented are selection, destruction and withdrawal, and administration. Meanwhile, siSwasta di Kota Medan other aspects, such as planning, procurement, acceptance, storage, distribution, and control, have not been fully optimized. The issue of medication shortages can be addressed through collaboration with eSwasta di Kota Medanternal pharmacies. To improve management, it is recommended that the hospital enhance the storage facilities, which are currently inadequate, by providing appropriate pallets and involving all related parties to work together in improving the system, as well as conducting regular monitoring and evaluation.

Government Goods and Services Provider Contract is a type of contract that is routinely carried out by the Government to meet various needs in organizing government activities. Transactions for the procurement of goods and services, namely the Ministry of Tourism and Creative Economy. The research method used is normative research using a statutory, conceptual and field approach. The results of the study are that the work contract between the commitment-making official and the goods and services provider at the Ministry of Tourism and Creative Economy still finds contract clauses that are not fully implemented and not understood by both parties. The impacts that will occur if the contract is not fully implemented and not understood by both parties include triggering contract disputes, even a greater impact is an indication of corruption because the source of funds for the procurement of goods and services is from the APBN. The purpose of this study is to provide education to both parties that the work contract is a guideline that must be understood and obeyed like the law. The ideal concept of direct procurement work contracts in the Ministry of Tourism and Creative Economy includes strengthening the role of APIP in the procurement of goods and services through direct procurement methods through audits, evaluations, reviews, monitoring and other supervision, the creation of standard contracts by including the substance of clauses that generally occur, and the use of sectoral e-catalogs provided by LKPP.

The purpose of this research is to examine and analyze the validity of scientific crime investigation as evidence in the process of proving murder cases and what are the advantages and disadvantages of using the scientific crime investigation method in crime scene processing carried out by forensic laboratories. Then the method used in this research is the normative legal research method. The results of the study show that the scientific crime investigation method, which is expressed in concrete form through forensic laboratory examinations and information from police forensic experts, is the central point. In connecting the relationship between the perpetrator, victim and evidence with the crime scene, the construction of evidence for a criminal act becomes stronger and can give confidence to the judge in deciding a case fairly and in accordance with the actual facts. In the case of the crime of murder with poison, the statements of the witnesses and the statements of the two defendants were linked and interconnected with each other after the scientific crime investigation method was applied; The advantages and disadvantages of using scientific crime investigation methods in crime scene processing carried out by forensic laboratories include. The advantages and disadvantages of using scientific crime investigation methods in crime scene processing carried out by forensic laboratories include: (1). The advantage of implementing scientific crime investigation is that uncovering cases using old methods full of violence, intervention, etc. has been abandoned. (2) Fast, precise and accurate inspection supported by special tools that have been internationally standardized, (3) Minimizing errors made before SCI implementation (manual patterns replaced with digital patterns). Meanwhile, the weaknesses are: Internal side of the SatKer (Work Unit): the number of human resources who supervise and understand the use of Special Tools (Alsus) is limited, the special equipment, both primary and secondary, is expensive. If we look at the human resources that this country has, it should be enough to assist the Forensic Laboratory team in supervision and are people who understand the special tools that support the performance of the Forensic Laboratory. Apart from that, the government should be more respectful of the procurement of these special tools, even though not everyone has to always use these special tools. However, these tools are very useful for the smooth running of investigations and/or investigations. Because the resulting examination data is much more detailed and accurate.

Contract law plays a key role in trade and business. Failure to fulfill obligations in an agreement, known as default, can include non-fulfillment, delays, or performing actions not aligned with the agreement. The aggrieved party is entitled to seek compensation for the default. In a service agreement case resolved through arbitration, the Respondent was found to have defaulted. Despite both parties agreeing to all terms and performing the contract without objection, the Respondent was ordered to pay compensation under Article 1248 of the Civil Code, which includes the concept of "fraud." The author aims to analyze how default in service procurement is resolved through arbitration and whether the arbitral panel’s decision to impose compensation is justified according to the Civil Code and the contract. The research employs a normative legal approach, focusing on literature and statutory regulations. The findings show that both parties committed default, yet the arbitral panel only adjudicated the Respondent, as the Claimant was not counter-sued. Moreover, the Respondent's actions cannot be classified as fraud. The compensation imposed by the arbitral panel based on Article 1248 of the Civil Code should be seen as abuse of circumstances, not fraud..

Stock management is an important aspect in the operations of a grocery store. By knowing when to add stock, shop owners can optimize the availability of goods without excess stock. In this research, the fuzzy logic method is applied to determine stock procurement decisions based on sales data and remaining stock. The results of the research show that fuzzy logic can be used to assist in making stock procurement decisions with a fairly high level of accuracy.

This study aims to analyze the implementation of the management of educational facilities and infrastructure and its contribution to increasing the effectiveness of learning at SMPI Darul Ulum Sangatta Utara. The research background is based on the importance of the role of facilities and infrastructure in supporting an optimal, effective, and meaningful learning process. This study uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive method, where data is obtained through observation, interviews, and documentation of school principals, teachers, and education staff. Data analysis is carried out through the stages of data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of the study show that the management of facilities and infrastructure at SMPI Darul Ulum Sangatta Utara has been carried out through five main stages, namely planning, procurement, utilization, maintenance, and evaluation. The implementation of this management is quite effective because it actively and continuously involves all school residents, especially in routine maintenance activities and the use of learning facilities. The existence of adequate facilities such as classrooms, laboratories, and information technology devices has been proven to increase student learning motivation and encourage the creation of a conducive learning atmosphere. However, some obstacles are still found, such as budget limitations and the need to update props that are no longer suitable for use. The implications of this study emphasize the importance of strategic planning and continuous evaluation in the management of facilities and infrastructure in order to continue to support the improvement of learning effectiveness, especially in the pesantren-based school environment.  

The role of teachers is crucial in enhancing the competence and quality of learning in schools. The lack of learning resources, such as books and the unavailability of libraries, hinders teachers from accessing quality learning materials, which impacts the effectiveness of their teaching. Community service activities were conducted to address these challenges by providing books for teachers and establishing reading corners. This initiative aims to improve teachers' competencies to achieve quality learning and increase students' reading interest at SDN 1 Margajaya. The implementation of the activities involved interviews and observations with the teachers at SDN Margajaya. The community service resulted in the successful procurement of books for teachers, which enhances their knowledge and competencies for delivering higher-quality education. Another outcome of the initiative is the establishment of a reading corner that accommodates students' needs for accessing reading materials, thereby increasing their interest in reading. As a result, students' understanding of the importance of reading for expanding their knowledge has significantly improved.

In the current era of globalization, information technology is developing rapidly. As for technology, which is equipment created to make human work easier, when achieving good progress in the work process of PT Plaza Auto Prima, it is absolutely necessary to have a technique that supports and provides satisfactory service for customers. Based on this, the author tries to analyze a method used when employees work in the Plaza Auto Prima environment regarding the work ergonomics they currently apply at PT Plaza Auto Prima, which to date has not seen any improvement. The method used is direct observation and assessment of work posture using the REBA method. The research subjects were mechanics who worked in the installation or removal of car wheels. The data obtained is analyzed to determine the REBA score and the level of risk faced by workers. The research results show that the mechanical work posture at PT Plaza Auto Prima (Toyota) Tendean has significant problems. Analysis using the REBA method produces a final score of 8, which indicates a high risk level and requires immediate improvement. Factors that contribute to this high risk include the lack of ideal work ergonomics and limited supporting equipment. This increases the risk of injury and illness to the worker's body in the future. After improvements were made by adding trolley service tools, the way of working became more ergonomic so that the REBA score dropped to 2, which shows that some of the movements carried out were in the safe category or did not cause muscle injuries in the future. Therefore, the presence of bodily abnormalities that arise from work cannot be separated from the existence of supporting equipment to facilitate the removal of certain parts so as not to cause abnormal bodily effects. Planning for the procurement of a particular tool needs to be done as soon as possible so that workers do not suffer the effects of bodily abnormalities. In this way, the author took analytical steps using the Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) method, which is the best solution to solve the problems that exist in this company to support workers so they can work all the time without any complaints about their bodies.

The crime of stealing a two-wheeled motor vehicle is one of the criminal offenses that is quite troubling in society in various regions of Indonesia and is ranked high compared to other cases. Motor vehicle theft is a simple crime that is very wrong when faced with the fact that today's perpetrators are professional and organized, the perpetrators of these crimes make motor vehicle theft a livelihood that generates a very large income. At this time, cases of motor vehicle seizures are rampant and even the impact is very detrimental to the community both in terms of economy and spirituality. This research is an empirical juridical research using interview guidelines for the Police, motor vehicle procurement perpetrators and the local community. The data collection technique uses interview guidelines and literature studies. The data used are primary data and secondary data. This research was conducted in Kupang City. Data processing and analysis techniques are carried out by editing, coding, classifying and tabulation data. The results of this study show that: (1) Law enforcement efforts carried out by the Police must be tightened using two ways of crime prevention, namely: Preventive Actions and Repressive Actions. (investigation and arrest of the perpetrator).  (2) Factors that hinder the police in eradicating the crime of motor vehicle seizure are internal factors and external factors

Extraordinary Crime is a label given to the crime of corruption. This is because corruption can hamper the economic life of the nation and state. Therefore, the eradication of corruption cannot be handled in the usual way but through an extraordinary handling. Corruption is a serious problem that can threaten the continuity of the Indonesian nation, coupled with the fact that the perpetrators of corruption are officials of government agencies who have a duty to foster and serve the community for the fulfillment of justice and public welfare. One of the easy targets for people who commit corruption, namely officials of government agencies in launching their actions, is the procurement sector of government goods and services. As happened in the procurement of shallot seeds in Malaka Regency in the 2018 fiscal year involving government agency officials and private parties.The problem formulations in this study are: (1) Factors causing corruption in the procurement of government goods and services, namely the procurement of shallot seeds in Malaka Regency (2) The impact of corruption in the procurement of shallot seeds in Malaka Regency (3) Countermeasures to improve the process of procurement of government goods and services in Malaka Regency.The writing of this thesis uses a type of juridical-empirical research with a case approach method, so that it is based on applicable laws and regulations and data obtained in the field. The case approach taken in this research is related to the corruption case of shallot procurement in Malacca Regency in the 2018 fiscal year.The results of the study show that the factors causing corruption in the procurement of shallot seeds in Malaka Regency are the intention of the defendants, the existence of authority and the opportunity for corruption. The impact of corruption in the procurement of shallot seeds in Malaka Regency is a state loss of Rp. 4,770,725,000.00 (four billion seven hundred seventy million seven hundred twenty-five thousand rupiah), not only limited to state losses but also losses felt by the community and government agencies involved in the corruption case of shallot seed procurement, namely the Government Goods / Services Procurement Section at the Regional Secretariat of Malaka Regency and also the Agriculture and Food Security Office of Malaka Regency. Therefore, efforts to eradicate corruption in the procurement of goods and services of the Malaka district government are not only carried out by the government alone, but also involve the active role of the community in preventing corruption in the government goods/services procurement sector and also countermeasures involving cooperation between the Malaka district government and the Malaka district police.

Corruption is one of the most destructive social, political and economic problems in various countries. Corruption is also a serious problem faced by all countries in the world, and Indonesia is one of them. Corruption is not only an act that violates the law, but also violates moral values, destroys trust, and hinders domestic progress. Efforts to eradicate corruption in Indonesia have been carried out in various ways, but until now corruption still occurs in various ways and is carried out by different political parties and institutions. Corruption poses several dangers, including threats to society, individuals, the younger generation, politics and the country's economy. In Law Number 31 of 1999, criminal acts of corruption are classified into the following categories: financial damage, bribery, embezzlement from public office, extortion, fraud, procurement disputes, gratification. Eradicating corruption requires integrated law enforcement, international cooperation and harmonious regulations. Not only international cooperation, but increasing effectiveness in preventing corruption, community involvement is needed. Public participation in supervision and stricter law enforcement can create an anti-corruption system. By involving the community we can strengthen transparency and minimize acts of corruption