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Modern society faces multidimensional complexities, ranging from spiritual crises and technological disruption to social inequality. Muslims, with their theological and intellectual capital, are often perceived as suboptimal in responding to these challenges contextually and applicatively. This article aims to analyze the fundamental problems faced by Muslims in formulating answers to the problems of modern society and to explore the strategic role of Islamic higher education institutions, specifically the Muhammadiyah University of Malaysia (UMAM), in bridging this gap. This research uses a qualitative approach with a case study method at UMAM. Data was collected through literature study, observation, and structured interviews with academics and policymakers at UMAM. The findings indicate that the main problems lie in: (1) the dichotomy between naqli and aqli sciences, (2) a static approach to religious texts, and (3) a lack of integrative and innovative solution models. UMAM strives to address these issues through three main strategies: integration of knowledge in the curriculum, problem-based research, and empowering community engagement. This article concludes that UMAM has the potential to become a model social laboratory of Islam that combines the Muhammadiyah renewal ethos with the Malaysian socio-cultural context to produce relevant, humanist, and rahmatan lil 'alamin solutions.

Waste from used Polypropylene (PP) and High Impact Polystyrene (HIPS) plastic is problematic in its management. The purpose of this research is to obtain the fatigue life of a mixture of used PP and HIPS plastics in its pure plastic. The research method is through the stages of mixing pure PP and 50% volume of used PP, pure HIPS and 50% volume of used HIPS, injection molding of R.R. Moore standard fatigue test specimens for pure PP, pure HIPS, pure PP + used PP, and pure HIPS + used HIPS, checking the straightness and smoothness of the molded specimen surface, fatigue testing with increasing serial loads, analysis of the bending stress curve (S) against fatigue life (N). The results showed that mixing used PP and used HIPS in pure plastic affected the fatigue life at the test speed (n)=2100 rpm for recycled PP was 9.84% shorter than pure PP, and at n=1600 rpm for recycled PP it was 9.32% shorter than pure PP, while at n=2100 rpm for recycled HIPS it was 4.45% shorter than pure HIPS, and at n=1600 rpm for recycled HIPS is 4.77% shorter than pure HIPS, while the fatigue life of pure PP is 1627704 cycles and the fatigue life of pure HIPS is 1291636 cycles or the fatigue life of pure HIPS is 20.65% shorter than pure PP, the implication of which is that the addition of used PP and used HIPS reduces the fatigue life to 9.84% for PP and 4.45% for HIPS.

Murder committed by children presents a dilemma in the criminal justice system, as it must balance the enforcement of justice with the protection of children's rights. This article examines the problematic nature of juvenile criminal liability in murder by comparing the perpetrator's legal approach to that of adults. Normative juridical research methods are used to explain legal provisions, court decisions, and related doctrines. The results indicate that juvenile offenders are not solely focused on their culpability but also on the child's psychological capabilities, maturity level, and social circumstances. Meanwhile, adult offenders are held fully accountable, with a focus on punishment. The main challenges are the difficulty of proving intent and the need for special mechanisms for handling juvenile offenders of serious crimes. This study provides for strengthening the capacity of law enforcement, improving child rehabilitation facilities, optimizing diversion mechanisms, and educating the public to support humane and proportional protection and enforcement of justice.

Guidance and Counseling services have a strategic role in supporting students’ holistic development, including academic, social, emotional, and moral aspects. However, in practical implementation, counseling services in schools still show a gap between theoretical ideal concepts and real field practices. This study aims to analyze the role of school counselors in the implementation of Guidance and Counseling services at MTs Ibnu Sina Karawang, focusing on the counselor’s role, teacher-student interaction patterns, supporting factors, and challenges faced during implementation. This research employed a qualitative approach through semi-structured interviews with the school principal, teachers, and selected students. The findings show that the counselor plays multiple roles, namely as a disciplinary guide, personal counselor, moral educator, and facilitator of religious character strengthening. The interaction between counselors and students is carried out through humanistic, empathetic and communicative approaches. Supporting factors include strong collaboration among teachers, principals, homeroom teachers, and religious-based school activities. Meanwhile, several obstacles are found such as limited number of counselors, lack of students’ comprehensive understanding about BK functions, limited time allocation, and negative stigma that counseling services are only for problematic students. This research emphasizes the need for strengthening counseling literacy and transforming services into more preventive, developmental, collaborative, and continuously progressive student-oriented programs.

Murabaha financing is one of the leading products at PT. BPRS Mitra Mentari Sejahtera Ponorogo, especially for consumptive and productive financing. Therefore, the application of risk management and mitigation is very important to minimize financing risks. This study aims to determine how risk management and mitigation are applied to murabaha financing at BPRS. The method used is descriptive qualitative with field research and data collection techniques in the form of interviews and documentation. The results of this study indicate that risk management has been implemented at PT. BPRS Mitra Mentari Sejahtera Ponorogo, emphasizing the stages of identifying and measuring risk through 5C+1S analysis (character, capacity, capital, condition of economy, collateral, and sharia), although it only focuses on the aspects of capacity and collateral as well as BI checking. The risk mitigation process is also carried out through insurance and the use of collateral, especially gold pawn. Although it has a positive impact, its implementation is not yet optimal, as indicated by the high level of problematic financing and an increase in NPF.

Child exploitation is a serious violation of human rights that involves children as victims. In Indonesia, such cases frequently occur due to severe economic pressure, lack of education, weak social supervision, and inadequate law enforcement. Children are often used as laborers or sources of income, either directly in the informal sector or through digital media. This study aims to examine how the juvenile criminal justice system in Indonesia addresses cases of child exploitation and to evaluate the effectiveness of legal protection for child victims. The research employs a normative juridical approach by referring to statutory regulations and relevant legal concepts. Data were collected from various primary legal sources, including the Child Protection Law and the Juvenile Criminal Justice System Law. The findings indicate that although legal regulations are relatively clear and firm, their implementation in practice remains problematic. Coordination among institutions is not yet effective, social rehabilitation for victims is insufficient, and public awareness regarding children’s rights remains low. Law enforcement also has not fully prioritized the restorative justice approach, which emphasizes victim recovery and active community involvement. Therefore, stronger and more integrated legal policies, improved law enforcement capacity, and the empowerment of families and communities are required to ensure sustainable child protection.

The dynamics of the positions of DPR members cannot be separated from the political activities of lame ducks. However, the lame duck era became problematic because the DPR's legislative activity suddenly increased rapidly towards the end of its term. This increase was accompanied by the controversial passing of a number of bills. This study will examine the urgency of the need for change and the formation of new laws during the lame duck era and the dynamics of the legislative process during the lame duck era of political leadership in Indonesia, using doctrinal research with a legislative and conceptual approach. Based on the research results, it is known that changes and the formation of new laws during the lame duck era lack urgency but will have a negative impact on the quality of legislation and public trust in the government. The dynamics of the legislative process during the lame duck era of political leadership in Indonesia can be reflected in the formation of the fourth revision of the Constitutional Court Bill and the Law on State Ministries. Furthermore, since the first level of deliberation, the process has been closed and rushed without significant public participation. Moreover, Indonesia is currently in a transitional position towards a new government. Therefore, no new regulations should be enacted during this transitional period, as the drafting of the Constitutional Court Bill fails to meet the philosophical, sociological, and legal requirements. Furthermore, the enactment of the State Ministry Law has also sparked controversy, ranging from its substance to its procedural basis.

This study aims to analyze the implementation of internal control in the receivables audit process and evaluate its effectiveness in minimizing the risk of bad debts in a health center environment. Receivables, especially those originating from health services to JKN participants and general patients, can cause problematic receivables if not managed effectively. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach with data collection through observation, interviews and documentation review during the audit by a public accounting firm. The results of the study indicate that there are still weaknesses in the internal control structure such as suboptimal separation of duties, an unintegrated receivables information system and a weak bad debt reserve policy. In addition, late payments by third parties and poor patient administration knowledge are also external factors that influence the high risk of bad debts. Therefore, improving the internal control system, implementing information technology and strengthening coordination with the guarantor are very important to reduce the risk of bad debts and increase accountability for financial management in the health center environment.

MSMEs are important for the Indonesian economy, but financial management and access to formal financial services are still problematic. This study examines the influence of financial literacy and inclusion on MSMEs in Bandung Regency. This study is quantitative and survey-based. Non-probability sampling selected 100 MSME actors for this study. The results of this study are that financial literacy affects MSME performance, financial inclusion affects MSME performance, and financial literacy and inclusion affect MSME performance.

This research examines the design of simultaneous elections in Indonesia as its main research object, a crucial discourse spurred by the persistent inefficiencies of a separated election model that produced divided governments. The discourse is marked by the shifting jurisprudence of the Constitutional Court (MK). The primary problem addressed is the Court’s jurisprudential inconsistency, which creates significant legal uncertainty for election organizers and political actors. Therefore, the objective of this research is to critically analyze the evolution of the Court's rulings on this matter and their impact on its shifting role into a positive legislator. This study employs a normative-juridical method, focusing on the doctrinal analysis of primary legal materials, particularly the series of relevant Constitutional Court rulings. The analysis reveals an inconsistent jurisprudential journey, starting from an activist stance that imposed a five-ballot simultaneous model through Ruling 14/PUU-XI/2013, with the aim of strengthening the presidential system. Then, in response to the systemic chaos and humanitarian costs of the 2019 election, the Court retreated to an "open legal policy" doctrine in Ruling 55/PUU-XVII/2019, exhibiting judicial self-restraint by deferring the choice of an alternative model to the legislature. Finally, it abandoned this position in a final interventionist decision, Decicion 135/PUU-XXII/2024, which stipulated a specific model separating national and regional elections. The main finding confirms that this latest ruling positions the MK as a positive legislator, significantly overstepping its traditional judicial authority. It is concluded that although the final ruling substantively produces a more rational election design, its inconsistent formation process has fundamentally undermined the principles of legal certainty and the balance of powers, thereby creating a problematic precedent for the future of Indonesia's constitutional governance.

This study aims to determine the level of problematic smartphone use (PSU) and revenge sleep procrastination (RBP) among MTs/SMP students in District X, while also examining the relationship between the two variables. The problem of excessive smartphone use among adolescents is increasingly important to study because it can impact sleep quality, learning concentration, and mental health. This research approach uses a quantitative correlational method with data collection through a bold questionnaire (Google Form). The research sample consisted of 103 MTs/SMP students in District X who were selected using an incidental sampling technique. The RBP variable measurement scale was developed by the researcher with reference to aspects proposed by Kroese et al. (2014). Meanwhile, the PSU Scale was developed based on dimensions formulated by Foerster et al. (2015), including withdrawal, desire, loss of control, dependence on peers, and negative life consequences. The results of the correlation analysis showed that PSU had a very strong positive relationship with RBP (r = 0.833) and was statistically significant (p < 0.000). This means that the higher a person's tendency to experience problematic smartphone use, the greater the likelihood of revenge bedtime delay. Among the dimensions of PSU, withdrawal showed the highest correlation with RBP (r = 0.831). This was followed by negative life consequences (r = 0.778), craving (r = 0.577), loss of control (r = 0.489), and dependence on peers (r = 0.333). Overall, this study concludes that PSU plays a significant role in increasing RBP trends among students. These findings highlight the urgent need for awareness and intervention programs to reduce excessive smartphone use among adolescents. Therefore, the results of this study are expected to serve as a reference for schools and parents in designing strategies to prevent the negative impacts of smartphone use on adolescents.

Happiness is the ultimate goal of every human aspiration. To achieve it to the fullest, humans strive to utilize all their potential. However, in practice, conflicts often arise between personal interests and the interests of others. The desire to realize all dreams becomes problematic when carried out without regard for moral values, especially in a household life built through the sacred bond of marriage. Many married couples fail to create domestic happiness due to uncontrolled ambition. This ambition, when not balanced with ethics and morals, has the potential to cause domestic conflict that results in the neglect of children's education in the family. A current widespread phenomenon shows that married couples spend more time outside the home for work reasons. This opens up opportunities for promiscuity in public spaces and reduces attention to family. If this phenomenon continues, serious problems in the family will become increasingly apparent. The rights and obligations of husband and wife are neglected, affection for children is diminished, and ultimately children feel more comfortable seeking environments outside the home. This condition becomes the entry point for negative speculation from society about married couples who are considered negligent in their household obligations. This research is expected to provide a significant contribution to understanding how families should function optimally. By placing religion as a foundation and making ethics and morals the foundation of social interactions, families can return to their true nature as the birthplace of quality generations with character, ethics, and spiritual values.  

This study analyzes the supervision carried out by the West Java Provincial Government on the implementation of the juvenile delinquency development program through military barracks initiated by Governor Kang Dedi Mulyadi (KDM). This program aims to form the character of discipline and responsibility of problematic children through a militaristic approach. The research method uses a juridical-normative approach and policy studies with analysis of official documents and interviews with relevant stakeholders. The results of the study indicate that provincial government supervision plays an important role in ensuring program implementation in accordance with the principles of child protection and character education standards. However, there are significant challenges related to the potential for violations of children's rights and the controversy over the harsh approach applied. This study recommends strengthening humanistic and participatory supervision mechanisms so that the development program can run effectively without ignoring children's rights. This study provides normative and practical contributions to the development of policies for the development of juvenile delinquency development in West Java that are oriented towards a balance between discipline and child protection.

Phonological linguistic units are a fascinating and varied research focus. Differences in pronunciation from one speaker to another are caused by the abstract and distinctly different language systems in the human mind. Therefore, it is not surprising that many deviations or anomalies are found in the phonological process. This qualitative research presents examples of phonological anomalies in Indonesian, along with pronunciations that are common but do not conform to Indonesian language rules. Data are drawn from empirical experience during the discovery of related language anomalies. The data sources presented cannot be formulated, but recording techniques and memory skills are necessary to ensure the clarity and authenticity of the information (data). This is also driven by the fact that many phonological anomalies are found in the public sphere, so research data no longer needs to be sought or formulated. Researchers simply bring them into the focus of discussion to be analyzed, tested, and researched. The numerous data found (abbreviation: 9 data, words: 17 data) further strengthen the assumption that problematic Indonesian phenomena have become commonplace and normalized.

This study aims to empirically examine the relationship between Problematic Internet Use and Sleep Quality among university students. This is a quantitative study that employs a bivariate correlation analysis method. The total number of respondents in this study was 106 individuals, consisting of 30 males and 76 females, aged between 18 and 23 years. The study used two scales as data collection instruments: a sleep quality scale and a Problematic Internet Use scale. The hypothesis was tested using bivariate correlation analysis to determine whether there is a significant relationship between sleep quality and Problematic Internet Use among students. The results support the hypothesis, indicating a significant positive relationship between Problematic Internet Use and sleep quality, with a significance value of p = 0.001 (p < 0.005) and a correlation coefficient of R = 0.227. This means that the higher the level of Problematic Internet Use, the better the sleep quality among students. Conversely, the lower the Problematic Internet Use, the poorer the sleep quality.

This Community Service Program (PKM) was implemented in response to the high usage of social media among students, particularly Instagram, which often becomes a platform for cyberbullying. This phenomenon becomes increasingly complex when students come from diverse cultural backgrounds. Comments or posts considered normal in one culture may be perceived as offensive in another. A lack of cultural sensitivity often triggers digital conflict and bullying, which can negatively impact students' mental health. This PKM aims to improve students’ understanding of the dangers of cyberbullying and the importance of cross-cultural communication ethics. The program began with a pre-test to assess participants' initial knowledge, followed by an interactive seminar discussing the concepts of cyberbullying, digital ethics, and real-life case studies. Students then engaged in group discussions and simulations, where they analyzed problematic digital content and formulated empathetic, constructive responses. At the end of the activity, a post-test was conducted to evaluate the program’s effectiveness. The results showed a significant improvement in students’ awareness and attitudes. This program successfully encouraged students to be more thoughtful and responsible in their online interactions and to become change agents in creating a safer, more inclusive digital environment. The outcomes of this program include a scholarly publication, an educational video disseminated on social media, and quantitative data showing an increase in participants’ knowledge. Overall, this initiative contributes to strengthening multicultural digital literacy among today’s youth.

This Community Service Program (PKM) was implemented in response to the high usage of social media among students, particularly Instagram, which often becomes a platform for cyberbullying. This phenomenon becomes increasingly complex when students come from diverse cultural backgrounds. Comments or posts considered normal in one culture may be perceived as offensive in another. A lack of cultural sensitivity often triggers digital conflict and bullying, which can negatively impact students' mental health. This PKM aims to improve students’ understanding of the dangers of cyberbullying and the importance of cross-cultural communication ethics. The program began with a pre-test to assess participants' initial knowledge, followed by an interactive seminar discussing the concepts of cyberbullying, digital ethics, and real-life case studies. Students then engaged in group discussions and simulations, where they analyzed problematic digital content and formulated empathetic, constructive responses. At the end of the activity, a post-test was conducted to evaluate the program’s effectiveness. The results showed a significant improvement in students’ awareness and attitudes. This program successfully encouraged students to be more thoughtful and responsible in their online interactions and to become change agents in creating a safer, more inclusive digital environment. The outcomes of this program include a scholarly publication, an educational video disseminated on social media, and quantitative data showing an increase in participants’ knowledge. Overall, this initiative contributes to strengthening multicultural digital literacy among today’s youth.

Risk control mechanisms in murabahah and mudharabah financing are implemented to anticipate potential risks arising from the customer's position. The objective is to uphold sharia principles while ensuring that the mitigation efforts by Sharia Rural Financing Banks (BPRS) provide advantages for both the bank and the wider community, particularly the customers. This qualitative case study investigates BPRS Madina in Yogyakarta. The findings reveal that BPRS Madina adopts several approaches to mitigate risks in murabahah and mudharabah financing. First, it verifies the completeness of financing documents using available data sources. Second, it checks for any history of problematic financing by the customer. Third, when necessary, the bank conducts restructuring to minimize risk. Additionally, BPRS Madina carries out risk control measures based on DSN MUI Fatwa No. 04/DSN-MUI/IV/2000 on Murabahah Financing and No. 07/DSN-MUI/IV/2000 on Mudharabah. While Islamic financial institutions do not inherently require guarantees in financing, they are permitted to request collateral to prevent losses. This collateral is not intended to ensure full compliance with the contract terms but rather to safeguard the return of the capital provided. Lastly, the risk management strategies employed by BPRS Madina for murabahah and mudharabah financing are deemed effective, as less than 1% of customers currently encounter issues, and operational risks remain well-managed.    

Semantics is a branch of linguistics that studies meaning in language, whether implied in words, phrases, or sentences. In literary works such as songs, the use of language often contains multiple or symbolic meanings that may cause ambiguity for listeners. This becomes problematic when the audience interprets the lyrics differently from the songwriter’s intent. The song "Lihat, Dengar, Rasakan" by Sheila On 7 is an example of lyrics rich in meaning and symbolism, making it an interesting subject for semantic analysis. The aim of this study is to uncover and explain the lexical and grammatical meanings contained within the lyrics so that the message conveyed can be understood more thoroughly and deeply. This research uses a descriptive qualitative method with observation, note-taking, and content analysis techniques. The results show a total of 17 lexical meaning data and 17 grammatical meaning data in the song lyrics. The lexical meanings consist of 10 synonymy data, 4 antonymy data, 2 homonymy data, 4 hyponymy data, 4 polysemy data, 3 ambiguity data, and 2 redundancy data. Meanwhile, the grammatical  meanings include 11 affixation data, 2 reduplication data, and 5 composition data. These findings reveal that the lyrics of "Lihat, Dengar, Rasakan" are rich in complex meanings, both lexically and grammatically. The conclusion of this research is that semantic analysis can unveil the deeper layers of meaning within song lyrics, helping listeners grasp the moral message, social critique, and spiritual values hidden behind the poetic language used by the songwriter.

Semantics is a branch of linguistics that studies meaning in language, whether implied in words, phrases, or sentences. In literary works such as songs, the use of language often contains multiple or symbolic meanings that may cause ambiguity for listeners. This becomes problematic when the audience interprets the lyrics differently from the songwriter’s intent. The song "Lihat, Dengar, Rasakan" by Sheila On 7 is an example of lyrics rich in meaning and symbolism, making it an interesting subject for semantic analysis. The aim of this study is to uncover and explain the lexical and grammatical meanings contained within the lyrics so that the message conveyed can be understood more thoroughly and deeply. This research uses a descriptive qualitative method with observation, note-taking, and content analysis techniques. The results show a total of 17 lexical meaning data and 17 grammatical meaning data in the song lyrics. The lexical meanings consist of 10 synonymy data, 4 antonymy data, 2 homonymy data, 4 hyponymy data, 4 polysemy data, 3 ambiguity data, and 2 redundancy data. Meanwhile, the grammatical  meanings include 11 affixation data, 2 reduplication data, and 5 composition data. These findings reveal that the lyrics of "Lihat, Dengar, Rasakan" are rich in complex meanings, both lexically and grammatically. The conclusion of this research is that semantic analysis can unveil the deeper layers of meaning within song lyrics, helping listeners grasp the moral message, social critique, and spiritual values hidden behind the poetic language used by the songwriter.