Publication Search

The quality of complementary feeding (MP-ASI) for infants aged 6–23 months is a key factor in supporting growth and preventing early nutritional problems. However, MP-ASI practices that do not comply with recommendations are still common, especially in areas with limited access to nutrition information and education. One of the promotive-preventive efforts developed in primary health care is the implementation of toddler classes. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of toddler classes in improving the nutritional quality of infants receiving MP-ASI in the working area of the Popayato Timur Community Health Center. This study used a quasi-experimental design with a one-group pretest–posttest approach. The study sample consisted of 33 infants aged 6–23 months selected using a total sampling technique. Data were collected through infant anthropometric measurements to assess nutritional status based on indicators of weight for age (BW/A) and weight for length/height (BW/H), as well as assessing the quality of MP-ASI using quality scores before and after the intervention. Data analysis was carried out descriptively and inferentially using paired statistical tests. The results showed an increase in the quality of complementary feeding (MP-ASI) after the implementation of toddler classes, accompanied by improvements in infant nutritional status based on indicators of weight for age and weight for height, with a statistically significant difference between conditions before and after the intervention. In conclusion, toddler classes are effective in improving the quality of complementary feeding and infant nutritional status, thus potentially being an applicable educational strategy in efforts to improve infant nutrition in primary health care.

This study evaluates the Cageur Jasa Health Service Program at the Tanah Tinggi Public Health Center in Tangerang City, which was developed as an innovation to expand access to basic healthcare services through home visits. The program aims to improve service quality, strengthen family independence in maintaining health, and support the achievement of the 12 indicators of the Indonesia Healthy Program with a Family Approach (PIS-PK). The evaluation applies William N. Dunn’s six policy evaluation criteria effectiveness, efficiency, adequacy, equity, responsiveness, and appropriateness supported by theoretical frameworks from public administration, public policy, and health service innovation. This research employs a qualitative descriptive method, with data collected through observation, in-depth interviews with informants, and secondary data analysis. The findings indicate that the program’s implementation has not fully achieved its intended objectives, as evidenced by declining service coverage, several PIS-PK indicators remaining below 50%, increasing disease findings, and the persistence of maternal and infant mortality cases. Limitations in resources, coordination, infrastructure, and suboptimal promotive and preventive efforts further hinder the program’s effectiveness. Overall, the study concludes that although Cageur Jasa contributes to improving healthcare access, its implementation at the Tanah Tinggi Public Health Center remains suboptimal and requires continuous improvement.

Introduction: Dental and oral health problems in school-age children are still a major public health concern. The Little Doctor Program is a school-based health promotion approach that involves the active role of students as agents of change. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of Small Doctors in promoting dental health in elementary schools. Methods: This study used a quasi-experimental design with a one group pretest–posttest approach. The subjects of the study were elementary school students who participated in dental health promotion activities by Small Doctors. Interventions include counseling, demonstrations of proper brushing of teeth, and the use of educational media. Data were collected using a questionnaire of dental health knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors before and after the intervention. Data analysis was carried out using the paired t-test or Wilcoxon test with a significance level of p < 0.05. Results: There was a significant improvement in students' dental health knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors after the intervention (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The Small Doctor Program is effective as a strategy for promoting dental health in elementary schools and has the potential to support promotional and preventive efforts for children's dental health.

Hypertension is a non-communicable disease with a high prevalence in Indonesia, including in Tasikmalaya City, and shows a trend of increasing cases from year to year. This condition requires planned promotive and preventive efforts that involve community participation. This study aims to increase public knowledge about hypertension and the importance of physical activity as a preventive measure through the SERASI (Senam Raga Sehat, Cegah Hypertensi) program. The methods used include community-based health education, blood pressure checks, pre- and post-tests to measure changes in knowledge, and structured healthy exercise activities. The results showed a significant increase in knowledge after the intervention, reflected in the difference in pre- and post-test scores with a p value of 0.000 (p < 0.05). In addition, healthy exercise activities increased community participation and involvement, and encouraged the formation of sustainable physical activity habits. Overall, the SERASI program has proven effective in increasing community knowledge, awareness, and behavioral changes towards hypertension prevention, thus potentially supporting risk factor control and improving the quality of local community health. These findings are relevant for planning sustainable local and national community-based public health programs.

Drug abuse (Narcotics, Psychotropics, and other Addictive Substances) is a serious problem that can threaten the younger generation, especially in the Panggung Kidul Village area. The lack of public understanding, especially teenagers, regarding the dangers and negative impacts of drug abuse is one of the factors that influence the high risk of substance abuse. Therefore, innovative and interactive educational media are needed to increase public awareness and understanding regarding the prevention of drug abuse. This study offers a solution by designing and developing educational media based on Augmented Reality (AR) technology as a visual and interactive tool that conveys information in an interesting and easy-to-understand manner. The use of smartphones as the main device in AR applications makes this media more easily accessible to various groups of people. The test results using the System Usability Scale (SUS) method showed a user satisfaction level of 96% which is included in the Acceptable category. Thus, this AR-based educational media is expected to be an effective means of increasing public understanding of the dangers of drug abuse and encouraging early preventive efforts.

Background: Early marriage remains prevalent among adolescents aged 15–19 years, a period during which individuals are often medically and psychologically unprepared to assume marital responsibilities. Decisions to marry early are influenced by internal factors such as psychological readiness, emotional maturity, and critical thinking ability, as well as external factors including family pressure, cultural norms, and economic challenges. Objective: This study aims to explore the factors influencing adolescents' decisions to engage in early marriage and examine its impacts on their lives. Method: This research employed a qualitative descriptive design. A purposive sampling technique was used to select 10 adolescents who had experienced early marriage. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and document review, and analyzed thematically. Results: The primary factors contributing to early marriage in Delu Depa Village, Kodi Bangedo District, were premarital pregnancy (2 cases), economic hardship (4 cases), and limited educational attainment (4 cases). The consequences included psychological, health, and social impacts. Psychologically, participants reported experiencing stress, anxiety, and depression. Health-related risks included complications associated with immature reproductive organs, such as premature birth, obstructed labor, and preeclampsia. Social impacts included stigma, limited social interaction, school dropout, and employment in low-skilled jobs to fulfill daily needs. Conclusion: Early marriage poses significant risks to adolescents' psychological well-being, physical health, and social functioning. Strengthened preventive efforts and targeted interventions are needed to reduce its prevalence and mitigate negative consequences.

Physiotherapy plays an important role in promotive and preventive efforts through education for the community, including children’s health posts (posyandu). Children aged 1–5 years often experience eating difficulties that reduce appetite, increasing the risk of malnutrition and growth retardation. Low appetite is often related to oral-motor function disorders, such as difficulty chewing or swallowing. This activity aimed to increase mothers’ knowledge about oral-motor-sensory stimulation as an effort to improve children’s appetite. The community service program was conducted at Posyandu RW 02, Kota Lama Subdistrict, Malang City, involving 15 mothers or caregivers of toddlers. The method included physiotherapy counseling using interactive discussions and poster media, with knowledge evaluation through pre-test and post-test. The results showed a significant improvement in participants’ knowledge, from 0% in the pre-test to 85% in the post-test. This counseling effectively enhanced mothers’ understanding and practical skills in performing oral-motor-sensory stimulation independently at home. With regular implementation, this stimulation is expected to increase children’s appetite, improve nutritional status, and support optimal growth and development. Moreover, it reinforces the role of physiotherapy in preventing nutritional problems and improving the quality of life of children from an early age.

Obesity among college students is a public health issue that is gaining increasing attention because it is associated with an increased risk of chronic diseases such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and heart disease, and can reduce quality of life and academic productivity. College students, as a group of early adults, are in a transition phase towards independence and are therefore vulnerable to lifestyle changes, including unhealthy eating patterns, fast food consumption, low physical activity due to busy studies, irregular sleep habits, and high academic stress. This study aims to determine the risk factors associated with obesity among students at the Islamic University of Ogan Komering Ilir in 2025. This study used a cross-sectional design with a quantitative approach. A sample of 95 students was selected using a purposive sampling technique. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire and body mass index (BMI) measurement to determine respondents' nutritional status. Independent variables included diet, physical activity, sleep quality, stress levels, and a family history of obesity. The results showed a prevalence of obesity of 17.9%. Bivariate analysis found a significant association between obesity and unhealthy diet (p=0.002), low physical activity (p=0.000), poor sleep quality (p=0.000), and high stress levels (p=0.001). Meanwhile, a family history of obesity showed a tendency to have an effect but was not statistically significant. These findings indicate that obesity in college students is largely influenced by modifiable lifestyle factors. Therefore, this study emphasizes the importance of health promotion interventions on campus, such as balanced nutrition counseling, increased access to sports facilities, stress management, and education on healthy sleep patterns. Promotive and preventive efforts undertaken from a young age are expected to reduce the risk of obesity and chronic disease in the future.

A 60-year-old male patient presented with the chief complaint of numbness in both legs, which had been experienced for the past two years and had worsened over the last three months. This complaint was accompanied by persistent fatigue, even without engaging in strenuous physical activity. In addition, the patient reported frequent urination, especially at night (nocturia), and excessive thirst that had occurred for the past five years. The patient denied symptoms such as fever or disturbances in bowel movements. Regarding his medical history, the patient regularly consumed Glimepiride as part of his treatment for diabetes mellitus. Primary data were obtained through auto-anamnesis and physical examination during a home visit. During the visit, the family physician also completed the family folder and patient records to comprehensively document the patient’s health condition. Case assessment was carried out based on an initial holistic diagnosis, followed by continuous monitoring and final evaluation using both quantitative and qualitative approaches. The interventions provided included health education for the patient and his family regarding the causes and pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus. The physician also emphasized lifestyle modifications, such as adopting a balanced diet, engaging in light but regular physical activity, and maintaining adherence to prescribed medication. Furthermore, the patient was educated on the long-term management of diabetes mellitus and the importance of regular medical check-ups. The family physician also explained the potential complications that could arise, such as neuropathy, nephropathy, and retinopathy, so that the patient would be more compliant with treatment and preventive efforts. This comprehensive approach was expected to improve the patient’s quality of life while preventing further disease progression.

The benefits of free health checks in the community are to prevent infectious diseases and further illnesses. Health checks are an effort to detect abnormalities in the body. Health checks should be carried out routinely with the aim of preventing and treating them as quickly as possible. Early detection of disease is a form of education and free health check activities so that the community has awareness to carry out regular health checks as part of promotive and preventive efforts. The main goal of this service is to detect possible diseases and reduce the risk of the disease or treat it more effectively. This service method includes providing health education through the distribution of brochures related to educational materials, accompanied by the implementation of free health checks that involve meetings with Posyandu cadres and the local village head to initiate this service activity. There were 46 participants who took part in the free health check activities. The purpose of this activity was also to help participants better understand the importance of maintaining good health. To help participants better understand the importance of regular health checks to prevent negative impacts in the future, the results of the health checks are used as a guide. On July 30, 2025, the Sukamanah Village community held a free health check socialization program with the aim of increasing public awareness and knowledge about health. The program uses Participatory Action Research (PAR) as a method, benefiting Baros students, the general public, and the community. Outreach efforts have demonstrated that this method has successfully increased public awareness and understanding of health issues. This highlights the need for a more comprehensive health intervention model and research on the program’s long-term impact to maximize positive outcomes for public health.

Plagiarism in scientific writing is a serious violation that not only harms the original creator but also undermines academic integrity, the development of scientific knowledge, and the credibility of educational institutions. This research aims to analyze the regulation of plagiarism acts based on the laws and regulations in Indonesia, as well as to build a firmer criminal law construction against acts of plagiarism within academic settings. This study employs a normative juridical method with a doctrinal approach, examining relevant laws and legal theories. The findings indicate that although plagiarism has been regulated in several legal instruments such as the Indonesian Penal Code (KUHP), Law Number 28 of 2014 on Copyright, Law Number 20 of 2003 on the National Education System, and the Regulation of the Minister of National Education Number 17 of 2010, the existing regulations tend to be administrative in nature and have not provided a sufficient deterrent effect. Therefore, a more comprehensive and implementable criminal law construction is needed to ensure the protection of scientific works and legal certainty in the enforcement of criminal sanctions against perpetrators of plagiarism. In addition, preventive efforts through academic ethics education, the implementation of plagiarism detection systems, and the strengthening of internal policies within universities are also important steps that must be optimized.

Psychological violence against children remains a critical issue that is often overlooked because it does not leave visible physical injuries, yet its long-term consequences can significantly hinder children’s emotional, social, and academic development. Addressing this problem requires not only legal and institutional measures but also preventive efforts at the family and community levels. The Community Service Program (KKN) entitled “Safe Home Supporting Child Development” in Desa Nusawungu was designed as a community-based educational initiative to raise parents’ awareness of the importance of creating an emotionally safe home environment. The program was implemented through the Focus Group Discussion (FGD) method, which integrated structured material presentations, individual reflections using digital forms, and interactive group discussions. This combination allowed participants to gain knowledge, critically reflect on their own parenting practices, and share experiences with peers. The results revealed a notable increase in parents’ awareness of the detrimental effects of psychological violence on children’s well-being, their readiness to adopt positive parenting strategies, and their ability to identify challenges commonly faced in daily child-rearing practices. Moreover, participants expressed enthusiasm for sustaining similar activities in the future, highlighting the importance of continuous learning and the establishment of a parent learning community. The program demonstrated that simple, low-cost, and locally adapted interventions can effectively enhance parenting literacy, reduce the risk of psychological violence, and strengthen the developmental foundation of children during their golden age. These findings suggest that empowering parents through participatory education can serve as a replicable model for other communities facing similar challenges, thus contributing to the broader goal of ensuring children’s rights to grow in a safe and nurturing environment.

Scabies is a contagious skin disease caused by Sarcoptes scabiei infestation, and generally affects children and adolescents, especially those living in crowded and unhygienic environments such as orphanages. This disease is highly contagious through direct contact and the sharing of personal items, such as towels, clothing, and bedding. Therefore, ongoing promotional and preventive efforts are crucial to prevent the spread of scabies in vulnerable communities. This community service activity was carried out at the Harapan Kita Orphanage within the Ariodillah Community Health Center (Puskesmas) working area. The main objective of the activity was to increase children's knowledge, awareness, and skills in preventing scabies transmission. The activity methods used included two-way discussion-based health education, providing real-life examples of personal hygiene, and distributing educational leaflets that are easy for children to understand. The education was conducted interactively by involving participants in questions and answers, handwashing simulations, and education on the importance of washing clothes and maintaining clean bedding. Post-activity observations showed that all participants did not experience active scabies symptoms, and there was an increase in participants' understanding of clean and healthy lifestyles. The children showed high enthusiasm and were able to reflect on the information presented. Overall, this activity proved effective in raising awareness of the importance of personal and environmental hygiene. This counseling model is highly relevant for regular implementation in orphanages or other institutions at high risk of spreading infectious skin diseases, as part of an education-based public health strategy. With the active involvement of the orphanage caregivers, it is hoped that this program can be sustainable and become part of the routine health education for children.

Increasing police accountability and professionalism is critical in addressing abuses of authority within law enforcement institutions. These issues have become a major concern, especially when abuses undermine public trust and the integrity of law enforcement agencies. To overcome these challenges, a comprehensive approach that includes both preventive and repressive measures is necessary. Preventive efforts such as ethics education, professional training, and mental development programs are essential in cultivating a culture of integrity and professionalism within the police force. These initiatives help officers to better understand their responsibilities, adhere to ethical standards, and manage the psychological demands of their roles. On the other hand, repressive efforts, including law enforcement and the imposition of strict sanctions for violations, act as deterrents to unethical behavior. The effective enforcement of laws and policies is critical in holding officers accountable and ensuring that those who abuse their power are appropriately disciplined. Analyzing the implementation of ethics in police duties and the factors that either support or hinder both internal and external supervision is also necessary. By identifying weaknesses in the existing system, law enforcement agencies can better target areas that need reform. Furthermore, strengthening transparency within the police force and reforming the supervision system are crucial steps toward building public trust. Public participation in external supervision mechanisms is also a key factor. When citizens are actively involved in oversight, it fosters a sense of accountability and encourages police officers to act with more responsibility. In conclusion, by adopting an evaluation-based approach and pursuing reforms aimed at enhancing accountability and professionalism, police institutions can improve their effectiveness. These reforms will promote fairer, more transparent, and responsible law enforcement, ultimately leading to greater public confidence in the police and their ability to perform their duties justly.

Preeclampsia is a severe pregnancy complication characterized by hypertension and signs of organ damage, with a multifactorial etiology involving maternal, genetic, and environmental interactions. This study aims to analyze determinants contributing to the occurrence of preeclampsia through a comprehensive literature review. The research method involved an in-depth analysis of 15 scientific journals, consisting of 8 national publications from Google Scholar and 7 international publications from PubMed, selected based on relevance, credibility, and publication date. Data from these sources were synthesized to identify common risk factors, biological mechanisms, and preventive measures. The findings indicate that the primary risk factors for preeclampsia include a history of chronic hypertension, obesity, gestational diabetes, nulliparity (first pregnancy), and a family history of preeclampsia. Nutritional deficiencies, particularly low calcium and vitamin D intake, are also significantly associated with increased risk. Furthermore, immunological factors such as abnormal maternal immune tolerance, as well as placental dysfunction leading to poor perfusion, play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. The interplay between these factors suggests that preeclampsia is not caused by a single mechanism, but rather by a complex network of physiological, metabolic, and genetic influences. This complexity underscores the importance of early risk factor identification and intervention strategies during antenatal care. Preventive efforts may include nutritional supplementation, weight management, blood pressure monitoring, and targeted medical interventions for high-risk individuals. In conclusion, preeclampsia remains a significant contributor to maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Understanding its determinants enables healthcare providers to implement timely preventive measures and reduce its negative impacts on both mother and fetus. Further research is warranted to elucidate the precise mechanisms underlying these determinants, potentially paving the way for more effective prevention and treatment strategies.

Anemia is a common health problem among adolescent girls, especially in developing countries like Indonesia. This condition is generally caused by insufficient iron intake, an unbalanced diet, and increased iron requirements during growth. Anemia not only impacts physical health but also affects concentration, productivity, and quality of life. Therefore, interventions based on nutrition education and the utilization of local food sources are crucial in sustainable anemia prevention efforts. One potential complementary therapy alternative is the consumption of herbal drinks based on moringa leaves (Moringa oleifera). Moringa leaves are known to be rich in iron, vitamin A, and antioxidants that play a role in red blood cell formation. This community service activity aims to increase the knowledge and skills of adolescent girls in utilizing moringa leaves as a natural source of iron. The target group is grade 10 and 11 female students at SMA Sejahtera Palembang, which was held in June 2025. The activity methods included a nutrition lecture on anemia and the importance of iron, an interactive discussion on the benefits of moringa leaves, and hands-on practice in making herbal moringa drinks (such as moringa leaf tea and moringa juice). The material was delivered using a communicative and participatory approach to actively engage participants. The results of the activity showed an increase in participants' understanding of the causes of anemia, the benefits of moringa leaves, and their willingness to consume herbal drinks as a preventative measure. Most participants also expressed interest in trying to make their own moringa herbal drink at home. This activity is expected to become part of school-based promotional and preventive efforts to address anemia in adolescent girls.

Regional Head Elections (Pilkada) are democratic processes conducted to elect Governors and Deputy Governors, Regents and Deputy Regents, as well as Mayors and Deputy Mayors. The General Election Supervisory Agency (Bawaslu) is the authorized institution responsible for overseeing the implementation of elections, including their various stages. Campaigning is an integral component of the election process, during which candidates utilize campaign props (Alat Peraga Kampanye/APK) to promote themselves to the public. In Lebak Regency, numerous violations have occurred regarding the installation of such props, underscoring the critical role of Bawaslu Lebak in ensuring compliance. This study aims to examine the authority exercised by Bawaslu Lebak Regency in supervising the installation of campaign props during the 2024 regional elections and to identify the challenges encountered. The research employs the theory of authority and the theory of supervision, using an empirical juridical approach and an analytical descriptive specification. Primary data supported by secondary data were obtained through interviews and document analysis. The findings indicate that Bawaslu Lebak Regency implements both preventive and repressive supervisory measures. Preventive efforts include issuing advisories, conducting public outreach, and inter-agency collaboration, while repressive actions involve processing reports and findings of violations, as well as dismantling noncompliant campaign materials. The agency faces several obstacles, including low awareness among candidates and campaign teams regarding legal compliance, limited personnel for enforcement activities, resistance from various stakeholders, and the environmental issue of accumulated campaign waste.

Community Service Activities were carried out in Mojosarirejo Village, Kemlagi District, Mojokerto Regency with the target of providing an understanding of Optimizing the Role of Community Participation in making Mojosarirejo Village Drug Free. Implementation of community service in Mojosarirejo Village with the main aim of providing education and literacy to the community about the dangers of drugs, as well as their bad effects on the human body, as well as criminal charges against users and dealers. This theme was chosen because drug trafficking in Mojosarirejo Village is very worrying. The circulation is massive and organized so that many village teenagers become drug users. The increasing distribution and use of drugs also has an impact on increasing crime rates. Preventive efforts in the form of early prevention need to be strengthened by involving the active participation of village communities, so that the space for drug trafficking can be narrowed. With the knowledge gained, the public can recognize and take preventive steps. Saving the younger generation from the influence of drugs is a form of effort to protect the nation's generation. The socialization carried out in Mojosarirejo Village, Kemlagi District, Mojokerto Regency, involved all elements of Village institutions, Youth Elements, Religious Leaders to work together and unite to eradicate drug trafficking.

Obesity is a growing global health issue affecting both developed and developing countries. Despite various preventive efforts, the prevalence of obesity continues to rise. One of the emerging approaches in managing obesity and its complications is by modulating gut microbiota balance. Gut microbiota plays a significant role in energy metabolism, inflammation regulation, and insulin sensitivity. An imbalance in gut microbiota, known as dysbiosis, is frequently observed in obese individuals and has been associated with increased insulin resistance, a key feature of type 2 diabetes mellitus. This study aims to systematically review the relationship between gut microbiota imbalance and insulin resistance in obese patients, based on literature from 2016 to 2024. The literature search was conducted through accredited databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and others using the keywords “Gut Microbes,” “Insulin Resistance,” and “Obesity.” From 500 initial articles, 10 highly relevant journals were selected for further analysis. The review findings reveal a strong association between dysbiosis and increased insulin resistance through various mechanisms, including short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production, activation of inflammatory pathways, and disruption of glucose metabolism. Several studies also suggest that interventions such as probiotics, prebiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation may improve insulin sensitivity. However, more longitudinal and interventional studies are needed to establish a strong causal relationship. These findings highlight the importance of maintaining gut microbiota balance as a potential strategy in managing obesity and insulin resistance.

The increasing use of gadgets among medical students raises concerns about the health impacts, especially on sleep quality and eye health. Medical students have a high intensity of digital device use due to academic demands, which has the potential to cause excessive exposure to blue light (blue light), sleep disturbances, and eye fatigue (eye strain). This study aims to explore the relationship between the duration of gadget use with sleep quality and eye strain in medical students and to understand the factors that strengthen or weaken its impact. The research method used is qualitative descriptive based on a literature study by reviewing literature from scientific journals, books, and relevant documents. The results of the study showed that exposure to blue light can reduce melatonin production, disrupt circadian rhythms, and cause sleep disorders such as insomnia. In addition, long-term use of gadgets without sufficient rest increases the risk of digital eye strain, characterized by symptoms such as dry eyes, blurring, pain, and headaches. Medical students who are susceptible to intensive exposure to digital screens are at higher risk of this disorder. In conclusion, there is a strong interconnection between gadget use, sleep quality, and eye fatigue. Preventive efforts such as screen time management, use of blue light filters, and education about healthy visual habits are important to maintain the health and productivity of medical students.