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Intensive exploitation of fish for caviar production currently threatens the extinction of sturgeon, one of the ancient fish species. Sturgeon egg harvesting is often carried out in inhumane ways, such as dissecting and killing parent fish, causing the natural sturgeon population to decline. The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) regulates the international trade of sturgeon and caviar, but weak law enforcement, high market demand, and widespread illegal trade all exacerbate the conservation status of this species. Conversely, caviar aquaculture, often considered an alternative, raises new bioethical issues, including long-term stress on fish, disease spread, decline in animal health, and the risk of hybridization that could threaten the genetic integrity of sturgeon populations. From a bioethical and environmental ethics perspective, it is difficult to justify the consumption of caviar as a luxury commodity at the expense of ecosystem sustainability and animal welfare. Therefore, sturgeon conservation requires a comprehensive approach that includes reducing consumer demand, improving legislation and enforcement, and preserving and restoring sturgeon's natural habitats.

This study examines the emerging paradigm of federated intelligence architectures as a secure, privacy-preserving, and scalable foundation for data-driven innovation across AI, IoT, and cloud ecosystems. With billions of interconnected devices generating massive heterogeneous data, traditional centralized machine-learning models face critical limitations, including privacy risks, regulatory constraints, latency, and single points of failure. Through a qualitative content-analysis approach, this paper synthesizes contemporary research on federated learning, blockchain integration, zero-trust governance, and edge intelligence to formulate a comprehensive understanding of distributed AI infrastructures. The findings highlight that federated learning enables collaborative model training without exposing raw data, significantly enhancing privacy, security, and compliance. Moreover, combining blockchain with federated learning strengthens auditability, model integrity, and trust, while zero-trust principles provide continuous verification and adaptive security enforcement across devices. Edge-AI integration further reduces latency and bandwidth consumption, enabling real-time analytics in resource-constrained IoT environments. Collectively, these elements contribute to the formation of cognitive ecosystems capable of autonomous, interoperable, and context-aware operations. The study underscores the transformative potential of federated intelligence while identifying critical gaps that inform future research trajectories.

This article discusses the application of service learning as an educational approach that supports the preservation of cultural heritage and the strengthening of sustainable tourism in Batu Caves, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. As one of the most important Hindu temple complexes in Southeast Asia, Batu Caves has become a symbol of cultural diversity and interreligious harmony. However, increased tourism activity has brought about various problems, such as environmental pollution, waste management issues, and the erosion of cultural values among visitors. To address these challenges, service-learning programs integrate academic theory with direct participation in the community, allowing students to actively engage in environmental conservation, cultural documentation, and the development of public education initiatives. Thru collaboration with temple managers, local communities, and tourists, students applied management concepts in real-world situations, including cleaning activities, maintaining tourist areas, developing educational materials on eco-tourism, and preserving traditional rituals thru cultural archiving. The implementation of this service learning not only enriches students' learning experiences but also raises public awareness about the importance of preserving Batu Caves as a sustainable cultural heritage site. Overall, this project demonstrates that service learning is a transformative pedagogical approach that connects academic goals with community development and cultivates future leaders who are socially responsible and culturally sensitive.

Relational databases store information in interconnected tables and are widely used for data management and retrieval. However, in certain environments, the original values stored in a relational database cannot be exposed during data retrieval. This limitation creates a challenge because common encryption methods only transform data for storage and do not support mathematical operations needed for value matching. Partially Homomorphic Encryption is a cryptographic approach that allows specific mathematical operations to be performed directly on transformed data without restoring it to its original form. This study proposes the use of Partially Homomorphic Encryption to enable value-based data retrieval while keeping all stored values in their transformed form throughout the entire process. The method relies on homomorphic properties that allow mathematical comparison to be conducted on encrypted data, making the retrieval process possible without revealing the original values. The results show that this approach can perform data retrieval operations in a relational database while preserving the transformed structure of the stored data. The proposed method offers an alternative for environments that require data retrieval without exposing original values and demonstrates the potential of homomorphic techniques in supporting secure and functional data processing in relational database contexts.

Learning Indonesian language and literature in elementary schools plays an important role in shaping students' character through the integration of literary works based on local culture. Lampung poetry as a representation of local wisdom contains educational values, such as religiosity, respect for parents, polite language, mutual cooperation, and environmental awareness. This study aims to describe the educational values ​​and local wisdom in Lampung poetry and their relevance to the character formation of elementary school students. The research method used is a literature review by analyzing references in the form of scientific articles, textbooks, Lampung poetry texts, and previous research results related to character education, regional literature, and local wisdom-based learning. The results of the study indicate that Lampung poetry is effective as a literary learning medium to instill character values, especially those in line with the dimensions of the Pancasila Student Profile, namely faith and piety, mutual cooperation, creativity, and global diversity. Practical implementation can be done through literary appreciation activities, reflective discussions on cultural values, and assignments to write poetry based on students' local experiences. The conclusion of this study confirms that systematically integrating Lampung poetry into Indonesian language learning has significant potential to strengthen students' character education while preserving local culture amidst the challenges of globalization.  

This community service activity was carried out at SDN 003 Tarakan with the aim of instilling character values in grade 5 students, especially the values of caring for others, living frugally, and preserving local traditions. This program is designed as an effort to strengthen character education through an interactive, fun, and relevant approach to students' daily lives. The implementation method includes delivering material through interactive presentations, group discussions, and educational games designed to encourage active participation and contextual understanding. The results of the activity showed the high enthusiasm of the students, as seen from their involvement in the question and answer session, the activeness of participating in mini games, and the ability to connect the material with personal experiences. In addition, students show increased awareness of the importance of caring, frugal behavior, and love for local traditions. This activity not only provides conceptual understanding, but also encourages students to apply character values in real actions in the school and home environment. Overall, this service program contributes to the formation of a young generation that cares, is independent, and has a commitment to the preservation of local culture.

This study examines the understanding of the sacredness of nature in the beliefs of the Detunggali indigenous community as a reflection of the theology of creation. The study is based on the view that long before the emergence of formal religions, indigenous communities had already possessed a profound cosmological awareness regarding the relationship between humans, nature, and the Divine. The purpose of this research is to analyze how the meaning of the sacredness of nature is experienced within Detunggali customs and to interpret its relevance from the perspective of the theology of creation. This research employs a descriptive qualitative method with a library research approach supported by theological, anthropological, and local cultural sources. The findings reveal that the Detunggali indigenous community does not perceive nature merely as a physical environment or a means of fulfilling human needs, but rather as a sacred reality containing spiritual values and the presence of ancestors. This understanding creates a harmonious relationship between humans and nature, manifested through attitudes of respect, responsibility, and customary practices aimed at preserving environmental balance. The study also demonstrates that indigenous local wisdom contributes significantly to enriching the theology of creation, particularly in responding to ecological crises, environmental degradation, and the increasing exploitation of nature in the modern era.

One of PT Pertamina Patra Niaga Fuel Terminal Sanggaran's CSR initiatives is the community-based turtle conservation program, or Turtle Conservation and Education Center Serangan (TCEC), which focuses on biodiversity and community empowerment. With the help of this program, turtles in Serangan Village that are in danger of going extinct will continue to exist. Serangan Village is a top priority when conducting CSR initiatives in the areas of biodiversity and social empowerment because it is part of the company's operational region. The program's main objective is to raise and care for turtles at TCEC, including feeding hatchlings and turtles, examining turtles' health, monitoring, turtle socialization and education, turtle inhealth training, saving turtles from South Bali's beaches and many more. The Poins of SDGs Goal 4 Quality Education, Goal 8 Decent work and Growth Economic, and Goal 15 Life on Land are achieved in part because to this program. 19 local workers were employed by this program, which earns $200 million annually. In order to carry out its duties and responsibilities, the Conservation Office and Turtle Education has an organizational structure filled by managers from traditional villages. The Turtle Conservation and Education Center was initially founded as a result of a village community movement that has a focus on turtle conservation in collaboration with WWF, BKSDA (Nature Conservation Agency; Indonesia), Udayana University Bali and is under the auspices of the traditional village of Serangan. The TCEC released almost 20,000 baby turtles as part of conservation efforts to ensure their survival. A number of G20 Summit attendees paid TCEC Serangan a visit, which demonstrated how the world acknowledged its struggle with turtle conservation. TCEC Serangan is the recipient of numerous national and international honors, including the Kalpataru (the award given to individuals or groups for their services in preserving the environment in Indonesia).

Wildfires in Los Angeles are a phenomenon that can be analyzed from two main perspectives: science and religion. From a scientific standpoint, these fires are triggered by a combination of natural factors, such as the Santa Ana winds that bring hot and dry air, and climate change, which extends drought periods and increases temperatures. However, human activities, including environmental exploitation, deforestation, and inadequate fire mitigation efforts, have exacerbated the situation. From an Islamic perspective, natural disasters can be seen as tests, warnings, or consequences of human negligence in maintaining environmental balance, as mentioned in the Qur'an (Surah Ar-Rum: 41). This study highlights that wildfires are not merely natural occurrences but also have spiritual dimensions. Islam emphasizes that humans are entrusted as stewards of the earth, responsible for preserving nature rather than passively accepting disasters. Therefore, the best approach to addressing wildfires is to integrate scientific understanding with religious values. Proposed solutions include science-based prevention efforts, such as sustainable forest management and fire mitigation policies, as well as spiritual awareness to appreciate and safeguard nature as a divine trust. By understanding the relationship between science and religion, humanity can take greater responsibility in disaster response and establish a more balanced and sustainable way of life.

The community service activity themed “Efforts of the GG. Subur, Bandar Selamat Residents in Maintaining Environmental Cleanliness” was carried out to increase public awareness in maintaining the cleanliness of the surrounding environment, as well as to encourage active participation in preserving environmental sustainability. This program includes household waste management, street park cleaning, and mosque cleanliness. The methods used were socialization about the importance of maintaining environmental cleanliness, mutual cooperation in cleaning the environment, and interactive discussions with local residents to explore ideas on efficient waste management methods. The results of the activity showed a positive response from the community, with active involvement in every stage of the activity, as well as the emergence of initiatives to continue the cleanliness program independently through a mutually agreed upon routine schedule of gotong royong. This program not only increases awareness about the importance of cleanliness but also strengthens social relationships among residents and fosters a sense of ownership over the environment. In conclusion, this activity successfully raised the community’s awareness of environmental cleanliness and is expected to continue as a sustainable community-based environmental management model.

Agricultural practices that take local wisdom into account can provide significant benefits to the environment and society. Local wisdom plays a crucial role in sustainable agricultural practices. Time-tested knowledge and practices can provide solutions to the challenges faced by modern farmers, particularly in the context of climate change and environmental degradation. However, despite extensive research, a significant research gap remains, specifically how local wisdom in the Tumbang Datu Valley can be integrated into broader agricultural policies. The research used was descriptive with a qualitative approach. Qualitative research aims to understand social phenomena from the perspective of participants. Initial informants were selected purposively, selecting informants deemed to have extensive knowledge of the conditions in the village under study, using a snowball sampling technique. The first step was to identify key informants, who in this study consisted of 16 traditional leaders and farmers familiar with the culture in Lembang Tumbang Datu and directly involved in the practice. The local wisdom in the rice farming process, from pre-planting, planting, maintenance, to harvesting and post-harvest, is implemented based on ancestral heritage in line with environmental conservation. Farmers demonstrate their concern for nature through natural soil cultivation, selection of superior seeds, use of organic fertilizers, and implementation of efficient planting and irrigation systems. The application of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) and post-harvest technology demonstrates the farmers' ability to adapt to innovation while maintaining local wisdom. Overall, the rice farming system in Lembang Tumbang Datu demonstrates the synergy between tradition and modernity, supporting food security while preserving cultural heritage.

Many phenomena are present and occur in human life, both those with major impacts and those with relatively small impacts, and of course the impact of these will also be felt well. The environmental crisis remains a trending topic in the global scope due to the impact and impact of the deteriorating environmental conditions itself. The natural crisis has a very large impact, pressuring the life of humanity in the process of survival. Not only does it impact humans, but there is a large tendency to impact cosmological concepts. The threat to humanity from this phenomenon as an ecological crisis, demands a strong and good contribution in striving for nature in the context of preserving and restoring nature itself. It cannot be denied that the role of nature is truly enormous for human life, so it is very necessary to take action that can protect and care for nature, not the opposite to exploit nature itself. A local conceptual-based action that involves the community itself is a solution in monitoring and restoring the condition of nature to the present. Environmental ethics need to be built within the scope of society in a context that is directly in contact with nature, which is none other than the elements of nature itself. Communities must take swift action to address this visibly deteriorating natural environment. This study employed a qualitative research method with a literature review approach. The study found that the concept of community democracy, in its efforts to maintain justice among living things, has a positive impact as a collective contribution to protecting and restoring nature in its crisis context.

Gotong royong, or mutual cooperation, is a deeply rooted local cultural value in Indonesian society that plays a strategic role in strengthening social cohesion and promoting environmental consciousness. This study aims to explore and analyze the function of gotong royong in fostering social solidarity and raising community awareness of environmental sustainability through various communal activities. These activities include neighborhood cleaning, reforestation efforts, and participatory waste management, all of which require active involvement from community members. Using a qualitative descriptive method, the research was conducted through field observations and in-depth interviews with residents actively engaged in gotong royong practices. The findings reveal that gotong royong serves as a powerful social mechanism that encourages a sense of togetherness, mutual aid, and shared responsibility among community members. These interactions help to solidify social bonds and create a collective spirit that is vital for social resilience. In addition to reinforcing social relationships, the practice of gotong royong significantly contributes to enhancing environmental awareness. Communities become more proactive in maintaining cleanliness, preserving green spaces, planting trees, and managing waste sustainably. The study concludes that gotong royong is not merely a traditional cultural practice, but also an effective and relevant instrument for promoting social and environmental well-being in contemporary society. Its continued integration into community development programs could further strengthen both social solidarity and environmental stewardship, making it a vital component in sustainable development initiatives. Therefore, revitalizing and institutionalizing gotong royong is essential for fostering holistic and inclusive community growth.

The rapid advancement of intelligent systems has accelerated the adoption of data-driven solutions across diverse industries, creating an increasing need for models that are both efficient and privacy-preserving. While traditional centralized machine learning approaches offer strong predictive capabilities, they often struggle with challenges related to data privacy, network latency, and computational inefficiency-especially in distributed environments with heterogeneous devices. To address these limitations, recent research has explored hybrid learning frameworks that integrate federated learning, edge computing, and dynamic model optimization techniques. These hybrid approaches enable models to process and learn from data closer to the source while maintaining stringent privacy requirements by keeping raw data localized. Additionally, the incorporation of pruning strategies, adaptive model compression, or multimodal data fusion contributes to improved speed, scalability, and accuracy in real-time inference tasks. Such frameworks have demonstrated notable promise in settings characterized by high data volume, operational complexity, and the necessity for fast anomaly detection or decision-making. However, despite these advancements, several challenges remain, including synchronization delays across edge nodes, variability in hardware capabilities, and the need for more efficient aggregation algorithms. Future developments may involve leveraging next-generation pruning techniques, energy-aware edge scheduling, decentralized orchestration protocols, or the integration of digital twin technologies to further enhance performance. Overall, hybrid distributed learning frameworks represent an important evolution toward more intelligent, secure, and autonomous computational ecosystems capable of supporting the next wave of smart applications.

Desa Kareo, Serang Regency, faces environmental challenges due to the dominance of industrial activities, resulting in a lack of green spaces and increased air temperatures. This situation prompted the implementation of a greening program as a form of community service to support the improvement of the village's environmental quality. The program was carried out using a participatory approach, involving residents in identifying critical land areas, planting seedlings (BIVIT), and post-planting maintenance. Greening efforts focused on open lands, roadside areas, and public facilities that were previously barren. The results showed an improvement in the visual comfort of the environment, a reduction in barren areas, and increased community participation in preserving the plants. These findings confirm that locally collaborative greening initiatives have significant potential to restore environmental quality, especially in areas heavily impacted by industrial activities. Reforestation efforts focused on previously barren open spaces, roadsides, and public facilities. These previously unproductive lands now serve as green spaces that provide ecological benefits, such as carbon sequestration and improved air quality. Furthermore, tree planting has a positive impact on lowering local temperatures, a crucial issue given the increasing temperature levels associated with urbanization and industrial activity. The reforestation program demonstrated significant improvements in environmental visual comfort, a reduction in barren areas, and increased community participation in caring for the planted plants. The community members involved in the program demonstrated a sense of ownership of their environment and a commitment to maintaining the sustainability of the planted plants. These findings confirm that reforestation initiatives involving local collaboration have significant potential to restore environmental quality, particularly in areas impacted by industrial activity. With this program, it is hoped that the quality of life of the Kareo Village community will improve as the ecological balance in the area is maintained.

This study aims to analyze the main challenges in managing Community-Based Tourism (CBT) and develop a sustainable management model for Cemagi Tourism Village, Badung, Bali. This study uses a qualitative approach by combining primary and secondary data. Primary data were obtained through field observations, in-depth interviews, and Focus Group Discussions (FGDs), while secondary data were obtained from literature studies and related documents. The analysis was conducted using the SWOT method and qualitative descriptive methods to describe the actual conditions and opportunities for tourism village development. The results show that tourism village management still faces several challenges, particularly in the aspects of promotion and preservation. Collaboration with various stakeholders is necessary, particularly in utilizing social media as an effective promotional tool. In addition, the preservation of local nature and culture is key to sustainable tourism. The proposed management model places the village government and traditional villages as mentors, Village-Owned Enterprises (BUMDes) and Tourism Awareness Groups (Pokdarwis) as managers, and the community as active actors in every stage of development. The model refers to the POAC (Planning, Organizing, Actuating, Controlling) management theory, taking into account three aspects of sustainability. First, the economic aspect, through increasing village income, creating jobs, and equitable profit sharing through the Village-Owned Enterprise (BUMDes). Second, the socio-cultural aspect, realized through preserving cultural heritage, improving the quality of human resources through tourism training, and strengthening the role of traditional arts. Third, the environmental aspect, with a focus on preserving subak (village-owned enterprises) and green spaces, managing waste using the 3Rs (reduce, reuse, recycle), and nature conservation. Thus, sustainable tourism management requires strong collaboration, cultural preservation, and environmental awareness to ensure long-term benefits for local communities.  

This study discusses God’s prohibition of adultery as stated in Malachi 2:14–16 and its relevance to contemporary Christian families. Adultery is regarded as a betrayal that not only damages the marital relationship but also violates the sacred covenant with God. The study highlights that an ideal Christian family is one founded on God’s Word, upholding love, faithfulness, and a life of reverence to God. However, in reality, many families face challenges such as individualistic lifestyles, the negative impact of social media, poor communication, and declining spiritual values. Real-life cases, including infidelity leading to violence, reveal the urgency of applying biblical principles to build strong families. Thus, Malachi 2:14–16 serves as a theological foundation affirming the importance of faithfulness and love in preserving the integrity of Christian marriage. Furthermore, poor communication, a lack of mutual understanding, and declining spiritual engagement can strain relationships, making it more difficult to maintain a strong, healthy marriage. These challenges highlight the critical need for Christian families to return to the foundational principles outlined in God’s Word, including the importance of sacrificial love, trust, and mutual respect. The study draws attention to the practical implications of these teachings, urging families to actively engage in spiritual practices, open communication, and mutual support to overcome the pressures of modern life. By doing so, they can create environments where love and faithfulness flourish, ensuring that their relationships remain strong and rooted in the divine covenant established by God. Thus, Malachi 2:14-16 remains highly relevant today as a timeless reminder of the sacred nature of marriage and the importance of nurturing healthy, God-centered relationships in Christian families.

This study aims to examine and analyze the Islamic educational values ​​contained in the local tradition of Ada' Tuho Ulumanda and its implementation at the Darul Ulum Islamic Boarding School, Popenga Village, Ulumanda District, Majene Regency. The Ada' Tuho tradition is one of the cultural heritages of the Ulumanda community that is full of moral, social, and spiritual values ​​that are closely related to the principles of Islamic education, especially the values ​​of faith, morals, and society. In the context of Muslim society, local traditions are not only seen as cultural symbols, but also function as a medium for transmitting religious values ​​that strengthen Islamic identity while maintaining social harmony. The research method used is a descriptive qualitative approach with data collection techniques through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. The data obtained are analyzed thematically to reveal the Islamic educational values ​​contained in the practice of Ada' Tuho and its form of implementation in the Islamic boarding school environment. The results of the study indicate that the Ada' Tuho tradition contains a number of important values, including: the value of monotheism that emphasizes faith and respect for God's power, moral values ​​that include honesty, responsibility, discipline, and respect for parents and others, and social values ​​in the form of solidarity, mutual cooperation, deliberation, and justice in community life. The implementation of these values ​​at the Darul Ulum Islamic Boarding School is carried out through a formal learning process, habituation of worship, exemplary behavior of the ustaz, and strengthening the character of students based on the integration of Islamic values ​​and local wisdom. Thus, the Islamic boarding school plays a role as an agent of preserving religious culture that is able to harmonize Islamic teachings with local traditions constructively, making it relevant to strengthening contextual Islamic education in the modern era.

In an increasingly complex and dynamic global landscape, strategic leadership plays a pivotal role in ensuring organizational resilience and sustainable growth. This study seeks to provide a meaningful contribution to the development of leadership strategies aimed at fostering both learning-oriented and ethically grounded organizations. Adopting a literature review approach, the research synthesizes a range of scholarly works to explore in depth the leadership practices that facilitate continuous learning while embedding ethical principles into organizational operations and culture.The analysis reveals that the essence of effective strategic leadership lies in the capacity to navigate rapid changes, exercise authority with wisdom, and cultivate a culture of integrity. Leaders who can anticipate and adapt to environmental shifts, while maintaining transparency and fairness, are better positioned to build trust and commitment within their organizations. Additionally, strategic leadership is found to be instrumental in shaping an environment that nurtures collaboration, stimulates innovation, and incorporates ethical considerations into all levels of decision-making.The findings underscore that leadership strategies must not only address operational and competitive challenges but also prioritize moral responsibility and collective well-being. This dual focus enables organizations to remain agile while preserving their ethical identity, thus strengthening their reputation and long-term sustainability.Ultimately, the study offers practical recommendations for leaders, particularly in the public and educational sectors, to design adaptive organizational systems rooted in ethical values. By integrating learning processes with moral governance, leaders can create a synergistic and sustainable framework that supports both organizational performance and societal trust, ensuring relevance and resilience in the face of continual change.

This paper explains the implementation of the creation of a screenplay for a feature video entitled "Mother for the Earth" with a focus on the application of parallel structure in four scenes: teaser, conflict, climax, and catharsis. Each scene serves to build narrative tension, strengthen the central theme, and generate a deeper understanding of the importance of environmental awareness. The parallel structure is applied to show a strong contrast between two mothers with different lifestyle backgrounds—one mother who adopts an environmentally friendly lifestyle and the other mother who is less concerned with life's desires. In the teaser scene, the scenario presents two main characters living in different worlds, arousing the audience's curiosity about the differences in the two mothers' views and attitudes towards the world around them. In the conflict scene, both face challenges and dilemmas related to their chosen lifestyles. The climax scene shows the culmination of their conflict, while the catharsis scene provides a resolution, where one of the mothers finally realizes the importance of small changes in daily habits that can have a big impact on the environment. This work aims to educate the audience, especially families and housewives, about the importance of raising environmental awareness from an early age in children. Through the use of parallel structure, the message about simple behaviors that have a significant impact on the environment becomes more powerful and compelling, inspiring the audience to take positive action in their daily lives for a better planet. The use of parallel structure in this scenario also serves to demonstrate how the two mothers, despite coming from different backgrounds, can share the same goal of preserving the earth.