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This study analyzes signs and symbols in Katherine Mansfield’s short story “The Doll’s House” (1922) using Charles Sanders Peirce’s semiotic approach. The study is descriptive qualitative in nature, employing data collection techniques such as close reading and note-taking. The analysis was conducted by classifying signs based on Peirce’s theory, icons, index, and symbols, through the triadic model (representamen, object, interpretant). The results of the analysis indicate that the doll’s house functions as both an icon and a symbol of social status and the false luxury of the upper class. Elements such as the smell of paint and the appearance of the Kelvey sisters serve as indices of social inequality. Meanwhile, the small lamp is the strongest symbol representing hope, warmth, and the possibility of transcending social class boundaries. Through this short story, Mansfield critiques class prejudices learned from childhood while conveying a message of empathy across social classes.

This article examines the phenomenon of interfaith solidarity rapidly flourishing in Indonesia’s digital sphere during Ramadan, specifically through the viral "war takjil" trend involving active participation from non-Muslim communities. With national social media users reaching 180 million, digital platforms have transformed into crucial interaction spaces facilitating fluid and participatory interfaith communication. This research employs a qualitative approach using literature review, phenomenological analysis, and theological reflection within the Catholic tradition to understand the meaning behind this social behavior. Main findings indicate that this phenomenon is a concrete manifestation of bottom-up pluralism, emerging organically from daily social interactions. Based on the Contact Hypothesis, these digital interactions successfully reduce prejudice by achieving common goals and maintaining equal status in public spaces. Theologically, the phenomenon reflects the spirit of universal brotherhood and solidarity emphasized in the documents Fratelli Tutti and Nostra Aetate. The article concludes that healthy pluralism is the capacity to maintain one's own faith identity while actively building bridges of love with those of different beliefs. The implications emphasize the importance of media literacy for faith educators and catechists to guide the community in responding to digital social dynamics constructively without compromising theological truths. This study serves as a reference for developing inclusive, love-based interfaith communication strategies within Indonesia’s diverse digital society.

Social conflict between neighbors is a phenomenon that often appears in pluralistic society and has the potential to disrupt social harmony if not managed constructively. The conflict is generally triggered by the lack of interfaith communication, social prejudice, socio-economic inequality, as well as external party provocations that utilize rift with social relations. This study aims to analyze the dynamics of conflict between neighbors are different religions and review the relevance of Q.S. Al-Hujurat paragraph 13 as theological runway in a resolution of conflict and a strengthening of plurality values. This study used qualitative methods with the approach of literature study (library research), through an analysis of the interpretation of the Qur'an, pluralism, and scientific literature relevant to the theme and resolution of conflict. The results show that Q.S. Al-Hujurat paragraph 13 emphasizes the principle of human equality, respect for diversity, and the concept of 'arafu (know each other) as the foundation of harmonious social interaction. Qur'ani values such as justice, tolerance, dialogue, patience, forgiveness, and help, are proven to be relevant as a conflict-based conflict resolution strategy (sulh). Implementation of this value through interfaith dialogue, multicultural education, and inclusive social policies are able to reduce prejudice and strengthen social solidarity. Thus, the integration of Q.S value. Al-Hujurat paragraph 13 in social life is a normative and practical approach to building a sustainable peace in the midst of a pluralistic society.

This study examines the legal accountability of the Board of Directors of PT. Humpuss Intermoda Transportasi in relation to ultra vires conduct, with particular reference to Court Ruling No. 439/Pdt.G/2011/PN.JKT.SEL. Employing a normative-doctrinal legal methodology supported by statutory and comparative analyses, this research investigates the standard of director liability within Indonesian company law and contrasts it with the English ultra vires framework. Indonesia's Limited Liability Company Act (Law No. 40 of 2007) establishes that directors bear full accountability for corporate actions performed within the boundaries set by the Articles of Association and prevailing regulations; any action exceeding such boundaries constitutes an ultra vires act that is void ab initio and non-binding upon the company. Research findings reveal that the directors of PT. Humpuss Intermoda Transportasi overstepped their authority when they issued the Linsen Corporate Guarantee and the Nelson Corporate Guarantee without the mandatory written consent of the Board of Commissioners, thereby contravening Article 13(1) of the Company's Articles of Association and Articles 92(1) and 97(2) of Law No. 40 of 2007. The South Jakarta District Court consequently imposed joint and several personal liability on the said directors. A comparative review discloses that Indonesia maintains a more rigid application of the ultra vires doctrine relative to England, whose Companies Act 2006 introduced a good-faith-based flexibility that effectively confines ultra vires liability to situations where directors act dishonestly and cause demonstrable corporate harm. Notwithstanding this divergence, the directors' actions in the present case would equally qualify as ultra vires under English law given the verified prejudice inflicted on the company.

This study aims to examine the message of repentance in Jonah 3:1-10 through an interpretive analysis focusing on the manifestation of God's mercy toward non-Israelite nations. The background of this study is rooted in the theological tension between Israel's exclusivism and the universality of God's love reaching Nineveh, a nation notorious for its cruelty. The method used is qualitative with a historical-grammatical exegesis approach to uncover the meaning of the text in its original context. The research results show that Nineveh's repentance was a radical response to the warning of judgment, involving all elements of society from the common people to political authorities. This phenomenon proves that the primary purpose of God's prophecy of judgment is not destruction, but the transformation of human behavior. This analysis confirms that God's mercy is sovereign and transcends ethnic or geographical boundaries. The implications of this research emphasize the importance for modern faith communities to adopt an inclusive attitude and understand that the sovereignty of God's love cannot be limited by human prejudice against groups perceived as strangers or enemies

Indonesia, as a multicultural nation, demands that Christian Religious Education (PAK) practices focus not only on doctrinal teaching but also on character development for students, enabling them to live within cultural, ethnic, and religious diversity. Language is a crucial element in realizing inclusive education, as the use of impolite or offensive language can trigger prejudice, intolerance, and even bullying, as seen in the forced hijab case in Bantul. This study uses a literature review method to examine the role of language, politeness, and communication strategies in developing students who value pluralism and multiculturalism. The discussion demonstrates that politeness is the foundation of character development and reflects a person's moral values. Through strategies such as integrating Christian values ​​into the curriculum, inclusive teaching methods, creating a school environment that supports diversity, and a holistic communication approach, Christian Religious Education can be a means of transformation that fosters tolerance and harmony. The results confirm that the use of polite and non-offensive language is a key aspect in developing students with character, who are inclusive, and capable of becoming agents of peace in a pluralistic society.

This qualitative study addresses the critical gap between religious diversity and national security in Indonesia by proposing interfaith competence as a strategic imperative. Situated within a constructivist framework, the research investigates the perspectives of Christian educators, positing that their unique position at the intersection of faith formation and pedagogy offers invaluable insights into building sustainable religious harmony. Constructivism provides the analytical lens, emphasizing that understandings of religious "others," security threats, and peaceful coexistence are socially constructed through discourse, experience, and education. Therefore, the development of interfaith competence is not merely an ethical goal but a active process of constructing a shared societal reality resilient to sectarian conflict. The primary objective of this research is to explore how Christian educators conceptualize, practice, and perceive their role in fostering interfaith competence as a contribution to Indonesia's national security architecture. Data was gathered through in-depth interviews and thematic analysis was employed to identify recurring patterns and nuanced understandings. The findings reveal that these educators view interfaith competence comprising affective, cognitive, and behavioral dimensions as a vital tool for deconstructing prejudice and building social cohesion. They position their educational practices as essential for shaping citizens who can navigate a multireligious society, thereby mitigating the risks of radicalization and conflict that threaten national integrity. The study concludes that integrating interfaith competence, as articulated by these grassroots actors, into broader national policy offers a proactive, soft-power strategy for safeguarding Indonesia's security, moving beyond purely military or political approaches to foster a collectively constructed resilience.

Minority clients’ self-confidence is often influenced by various obstacles that arise within the context of multicultural counseling. These obstacles can be internal or external, including experiences of discrimination, social prejudice, language differences, and conflicts related to cultural identity. Counselors who are not sensitive to clients’ cultural and social dynamics risk reinforcing low self-confidence and hindering the counseling process. This study aims to analyze these barriers and identify effective intervention strategies to enhance minority clients’ self-confidence. The method used is a comprehensive literature review of studies related to multicultural counseling, self-esteem, and empowerment of minority clients. The analysis shows that culturally-based counseling approaches, adaptive communication, and the application of empowerment techniques can help clients overcome psychological and social barriers. Additionally, creating an inclusive and emotionally safe counseling environment has been proven to increase client engagement and strengthen self-confidence. This study emphasizes the importance of multicultural training for counselors and the implementation of strategies that respect clients’ cultural identities. The findings provide practical implications for counselors to develop effective interventions that support the psychological well-being of minority clients.

This research aims to be an effort to overcome fear and prejudice towards Islamophobia among religious communities. Islamophobia can be known as a phobia or fear or prejudice against the Islamic religion. This phenomenon has become a global problem that can threaten peace and harmony in a pluralistic society. Islamophobia is often triggered by a lack of understanding, negative stereotypes, and misleading narratives about Islamic teachings. This research uses a qualitative approach using library source methods and explaining verses from the Koran. The results and discussion of this research show that the Koran refutes Islamophobia. Islamophobia occurs because of a lack of understanding of Islamic teachings. This can be overcome by establishing mutual tolerance between religious communities and providing correct factual data to someone who is considered Islamophobic.

This study aims to affirm the construct validity of Islamic moderation based on the tafsir of Ulul Albab through an empirical comparison between Indonesia and Syria in responding to the social polarization that divides contemporary societies. Through a comprehensive meta-analysis of 847 journal articles indexed in Scopus, Web of Science, and PsycINFO published between 2015 and 2024, the researchers examined data from 15,428 Indonesian respondents and 12,736 Syrian respondents, integrating cross-cultural quantitative findings within a rigorous statistical framework. The results of the confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated model fit (χ²/df = 2.184; CFI = 0.947; TLI = 0.932; RMSEA = 0.041), while convergent validity indicated an AVE of 0.563 in Indonesia and 0.589 in Syria, with composite reliability values of 0.891 and 0.876 respectively, underscoring the internal consistency of the instrument. Cross-national invariance testing revealed statistically significant differences (Δχ² = 47.23; p < 0.001), with the mean score of Islamic moderation in Indonesia (M = 4.12; SD = 0.67) surpassing that of Syria (M = 3.84; SD = 0.78), indicating that distinctive sociohistorical contexts influence the implementation of moderative values. Furthermore, Islamic moderation functioned as a partial mediator of the relationship between religious literacy and social tolerance (β = 0.342; p < 0.001 for Indonesia; β = 0.287; p < 0.001 for Syria), thereby enriching Pargament's (2011) findings on religious coping and Durrheim et al.'s (2016) work on intergroup prejudice. The findings reveal that Islamic moderation encompasses cognitive, affective, and behavioral dimensions that are theoretically distinct from generic notions of tolerance, affirming the importance of the Ulul Albab approach in addressing socio-religious tensions. Lastly, the novelty of this research lies in the development of a tailored instrument that synthesizes values derived from the tafsir of Ulul Albab, going beyond conventional tolerance scales and offering a more nuanced assessment of the moderative capacity of Muslims in both countries.

This study aims to explore the concept of self-healing in the perspective of the Qur'an as a method of recovery and maintenance of mental health. The research uses a qualitative approach with a library research method with primary sources of the Qur'an and secondary sources in the form of books of interpretation, psychological literature, and Islamic books. The analysis technique uses thematic content analysis with the maudhū'ī interpretation method to collect and analyze verses related to self-healing values such as patience, dhikr, tawakkul, prayer, and gratitude with a contextual and psychological approach. The results show that mental health disorders according to the Qur'an can be caused by life tests and despicable traits such as despair, pride, spite, anger, prejudice, and anxiety, which result in mental unrest if not resolved. The Qur'an provides self-healing methods through the values of forgiveness, gratitude, patience, prayer, remembrance, and muhasabah, which are psychologically proven to help individuals calm the soul, control emotions, increase self-resilience, and strengthen faith in facing life's tests. Thus, Qur'an-based self-healing makes a significant contribution to mental health recovery, making individuals wiser, stronger, and having peace and cleanliness of heart in living life.    

This study aims to analyze how socially constructed beauty standards shaped by media, popular culture, and the surrounding environment affect the social cognition of university students in evaluating peers who deviate from mainstream beauty norms. Within the campus environment, students often bring visual biases and prejudices toward others based solely on physical appearance, such as skin tone, body shape, and fashion style. This study adopts a qualitative approach with a case study method. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with four students from the State Islamic University of North Sumatra (UINSU) with diverse backgrounds.The results show that most students initially form judgments based on social schemas influenced by social media, past experiences, and peer environments. However, some participants demonstrated a shift in perspective after engaging in personal reflection, studying social psychology, and experiencing more diverse social interactions. They began to exhibit more empathetic attitudes and fairer judgments. This study highlights the importance of higher education in fostering critical awareness and promoting inclusive values and social sensitivity within academic environments.

This study explores the stereotypes and prejudices held by Javanese students toward the Madurese ethnic group at the University of Trunojoyo Madura. Communication, as a fundamental social need, plays a crucial role in building relationships and understanding emotions. In the context of intercultural communication, differences in social and cultural backgrounds can trigger stereotypes that negatively affect interactions. To understand the perspectives of Javanese students in forming stereotypes about the Madurese, this research applies Standpoint Theory, which emphasizes that a person’s viewpoint is shaped by their social position and life experiences. This study employs a qualitative approach with a phenomenological paradigm, collecting data through in-depth interviews and observation. The findings reveal that Javanese students tend to perceive Madurese people as speaking harshly, although some acknowledge that such perceptions do not represent the entire ethnic group. Efforts to overcome stereotypes are made through increased interaction. This study highlights the importance of intercultural understanding in reducing misunderstandings and fostering

The study examines Nigeria's resource allocation and usage as the gap in the country's pursuit of sustainable progress. The primary goal of the study is to investigate how Nigeria has struggled to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) due to inefficient use and distribution of financial, human, and material resources. Human and material resources are essential in every aspect of a company. An organization's ability to advance in all directions might be hindered by poorly managed human and material resources. Resources management offers a systematic assessment, requisitioning, and approval process for the evaluation and acquisition of products, equipment, and resources. The goal of resources management is to continuously seek opportunities to reduce costs and improve performance through the cost-effective selection and standardization of products, equipment, and related processes. A successful and efficient local government system will be preceded by well-managed human resources and material resources. while preserving or raising the standard of the services and care that are offered to the public. Subjectivism serves as the ontological orientation in this study, which employs a qualitative approach grounded in interpretivist philosophy. According to the study's findings, corruption, ethnic prejudices, poor governance, a lack of accountability, a lack of transparency, and unnecessary expenditure on pointless activities have all contributed to Nigeria's egregious inefficiency in resource allocation and use. According to the study's conclusion, Nigeria would be headed toward sustainable development if appropriate project planning, implementation, monitoring, and evaluation were done transparently and resources were used and distributed effectively. Therefore, the report suggests that Nigeria adopt economic and technical efficiencies in the distribution and use of its resources in order to achieve the aims of sustainable development.

Relationships with God and others are the most important things in a Christian's life. However, in practice, many GKSI Eklesia Kelempu congregations are not yet fully aware of or able to live up to this principle. They may be faithful in worship, but their relationship with God is only a formality, without deep appreciation. On the other hand, relationships with others are often characterized by conflict, prejudice, or lack of concern. This challenge is also exacerbated by the GKSI Eklesia Kelempu congregation's lack of understanding of the importance of building a balanced spiritual life. The research method uses qualitative, observation-based research by looking at phenomena that occur and carrying out activities directly. Next, collect data through feedback observations. And finally, after the observation data is collected, it will be processed into writing. The results of the findings of this research show positive changes in the spiritual life of the GKSI Eklesia Kelempu congregation, such as being more active in praying, attending worship services, and paying attention and helping each other.

The manufacturing industry plays a pivotal role in promoting workplace equality for employees with disabilities. This paper explores the historical context, current trends, and challenges faced by disabled workers in the manufacturing sector. Through a comprehensive literature review and empirical research, including surveys, interviews, and case studies, the study identifies significant barriers to inclusion, such as physical inaccessibility, attitudinal prejudices, and inadequate policies. It also highlights best practices and policies that manufacturing companies can adopt to foster an inclusive environment. These include inclusive hiring practices, workplace accommodations, and training programs to raise awareness and sensitivity among employees. The research showcases successful implementations of inclusive practices in various manufacturing companies, emphasizing the economic and social benefits of such initiatives. Increased productivity, innovation, and improved workplace morale are among the noted advantages. The paper concludes with recommendations for enhancing inclusion in the manufacturing industry and suggests future research directions to continue advancing equality for disabled workers. By addressing these challenges and adopting best practices, the manufacturing industry can set a benchmark for other sectors, demonstrating that inclusivity is not only a moral imperative but also a driver of business success.

Victims of sexual harassment against people with disabilities experience severe consequences. In addition to being vulnerable to prejudice or discrimination, this minority group also has difficulty in accessing adequate legal protection. The purpose of this article is to examine the legal protection provided to people with disabilities who are targets of sexual harassment in society. The research method used is a normative literature review that examines relevant laws, regulations, and practices. According to this study, although there are legal instruments such as Law Number 8 of 2016 concerning Persons with Disabilities and Law Number 12 of 2022 concerning Criminal Acts of Sexual Violence (TPKS), there are still a number of obstacles in implementing these laws effectively, such as lack of public awareness, limited access to legal infrastructure, and social stigma against individuals with disabilities. The results of this study highlight the need to improve the capacity of law enforcement, build accessible facilities, and educate the community to create a safe and supportive environment for people with disabilities. This article offers suggestions on tactics to improve legal protection and achieve social justice for victims of sexual disclosure who have disabilities.

Indonesia is a country with high religious, cultural and ethnic diversity, where the potential for conflict and intolerance often becomes a challenge in social life. In this context, the Ecumenical Movement plays a strategic role as a forum for Christian unity across denominations to support the development of peace and tolerance in Indonesia. Through an approach to inter-religious dialogue, inclusive education and social action, this movement contributes to strengthening social harmony and building cross-religious solidarity. The Ecumenical Movement succeeded in reducing inter-religious prejudice, promoting respect for diversity, and forming a tolerant young generation. The Ecumenical Movement not only plays a role in strengthening internal relations among Christians but is also an important actor in creating peace and social stability in Indonesia's multicultural society.

Ethnic and cultural diversity in modern society has become increasingly complex due to the influences of globalization, urbanization, and migration, resulting in multicultural communities. This diversity, while offering opportunities for mutual understanding, often gives rise to tensions, prejudices, and even conflicts between groups, especially when cultural identities are contested. In such circumstances, religion plays a significant role as a social pillar that can embrace differences. However, if applied exclusively, religion also has the potential to become a source of conflict. Therefore, inclusive theology, which prioritizes acceptance of differences without compromising religious teachings, becomes a relevant solution to bridge these tensions. Inclusive theology not only encourages intercultural dialogue but also promotes peace and solidarity by emphasizing love, tolerance, and respect for the dignity of every individual. In the context of the church, inclusive theology serves as an agent of peace actively addressing issues of ethnic discrimination and cultural injustice. This study aims to explore the application of inclusive theology in responding to ethnic and cultural conflicts in multicultural societies, using a qualitative approach and Ricoeur's hermeneutic analysis. It is expected that this research will contribute to fostering harmony and reconciliation amidst existing diversity.

The The aim of this study is to examine the migration pattern of the Minahasa people to the Netherlands over three generations, focusing on the economic aspect that became one of the main drivers of migration. This research uses a qualitative approach with descriptive analysis that combines historical data, interviews and literature studies related to the migration phenomenon that occurred from the early 20th century to the present. The three generations of Minahasa migration to the Netherlands include: (1) the first generation that left during the colonial period, generally driven by employment factors and the role of the Netherlands as a colonial state, (2) the second generation that began to migrate in post-independence Indonesia, where economic and educational factors were the main considerations, and (3) the third generation that migrated with more diverse motivations, including the search for better economic opportunities and family reasons. The research found that economic migration was a very important factor in each generational phase, although personal motivations and socio-political developments in Indonesia and the Netherlands also played an important role. The impact of this migration is not only visible at the individual level, but also affects social and economic changes in both countries, both in terms of the integration of the Minahasa community in the Netherlands and their contribution to the economic development of the Netherlands. In addition, this study also highlights the differences in migration characteristics from generation to generation.The reasons for the Minahasa migrated to the Netherlands from the first generation to the present are as follows: (1) KNIL were soldiers of the Dutch East Indies Kingdom, some former KNIL soldiers from Minahasa chose to fly and migrate to the Netherlands. The interaction of culture, religion and language that lasted for a long time eventually gave birth to emotional closeness between immigrants, in this case the Dutch and the Minahasa. (2) The Netherlands and the Minahasa are closely related because Minahasa is the 12th province of the Netherlands. This made people loyal to Twapro choose to migrate to the Netherlands. (3) On Santa Claus (a celebration of Christmas welcoming day, which is celebrated by the Dutch and Minahasa residents), on December 5, 1957, the Indonesian government carried out a massive nationalization of assets belonging to the Netherlands, the embassy and consulate (Netherlands) was closed, and evacuation plans were prepared everywhere (massive expulsion of Dutch citizens out of Indonesia). At that time, not only Dutch citizens were forcibly evicted, but also many Minahasa people who migrated to the Netherlands on their own wishes and choices by boarding Dutch ships together to the Netherlands. (4) A movement involving Minahasa people occurred in 1958 which was Permesta. For a just and prosperous economy as well for a life that is safe, comfortable and peaceful. (5) The creation of the Jakarta Charter, which was signed on June 22, 1945. At this time, gradually, the Minahasa people migrated to the Netherlands because they were worried about their religion as a minority in their country. (6) Many Minahasa people have been displaced, as a result of the "prejudice" of some Indonesians towards them. In the post-Independence period of the Republic of Indonesia, there were prejudices against Christians. This prejudice was based on the a priori attitude of other groups who accused them of being Dutch 'sympathizers'. Because their religion is Christianity who came from the Netherlands and were educated by evangelists from the Netherlands. (7) Assimilate in the context of marriage. (8) The similarity of customs, customs, traditions, culture and beliefs between the Dutch and the Minahasa. There is a bright future in the exchange of personal stories between Minahasa people, migrated Minahasa and native Dutch who will understand each other much better. It is also hoped that the sciences in the fields of architecture, water management or agriculture, plantations and others will enable the Minahasa diaspora in the Netherlands to use them to develop and advance their Minahasa homeland, through hard skills and soft skills. There are many potentials and opportunities to tie and strengthen relations between the two countries.