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Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) is a multidisciplinary, evidence-based perioperative care approach designed to minimize the stress response to surgery, preserve organ function, and improve clinical outcomes. A substantial body of evidence has demonstrated that implementing ERAS protocols in elective procedures not only accelerates patient recovery but also reduces healthcare costs. Surgery, one of the most commonly performed medical interventions worldwide particularly major procedures such as abdominal and colorectal surgery carries a high risk of postoperative complications. These complications contribute to increased morbidity, mortality, and economic burden for both patients and healthcare systems. This situation presents a particular challenge in the era of universal health coverage, which demands efficiency in terms of time, cost, and resource utilization. ERAS implementation has been proven to enhance postoperative recovery, shorten hospital stays, and expedite the return of normal physiological function compared to conventional surgical care, especially in lower abdominal surgeries and colorectal resections. A literature review was conducted by searching relevant articles through Google Scholar using inclusion criteria such as publications from 2018 onwards, focused on ERAS in abdominal surgery, full-text availability, and academic journal sources. The data were analyzed using a matrix table comparing research methods, study populations, research locations, and reported outcomes. ERAS protocols have shown to be effective in abdominal surgical procedures for improving patient recovery and reducing postoperative complications.

 Chronic pain is pain that persistent and will continue beyond the proper healing time, there are two time points used in daily practice, namely 3 months and 6 months after the first injury. Sensitivity of peripheral nociceptive neurons and central underlying the process of transition from acute pain to chronic pain. There are several factors that influence the increasing incidence of postoperative chronic pain including preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative factors. Untreated acute postoperative pain also increases the risk of increasing chronic postoperative pain. In Asia, the prevalence of chronic pain varies widely, between 7% in Malaysia to 60% in Cambodia. The prevalence of postoperative chronic pain in adults is reported to be around 20% in developed countries. The incidence includes all ages with a higher incidence in women and the elderly. The purpose of this study was to describe the characteristics of postoperative chronic pain in outpatients in the surgical polyclinic and obstetrics and gynecology polyclinic at RSU Medan. The type of research used in this study was Observational with a Cross Sectional method approach. Based on the research that has been done, it was found that ages 26-35 years experienced the most chronic pain, namely as much as 29.8% and women experienced more chronic pain compared to men. Based on this study it was found that the majority of respondents experienced moderate pain intensity as many as 36 respondents (63.2%). There were descriptions of characteristics that were mostly 26-35 years old.