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This community service program aims to enhance farmers’ literacy on independent fertilizer production and strengthen their understanding of farmers’ rights within national fertilizer governance as an effort to achieve food sovereignty. The program was implemented in Belang Village, Bungkal Sub-district, Ponorogo Regency, involving GAPOKTAN Baungan consisting of farmer groups from Tempel, Kepuh, Pakal, Kanigoro, and Klatakan hamlets. This initiative represents cross-university synergy involving lecturers from Universitas Merdeka Malang, Universitas Soerjo Ngawi, Universitas Muhammadiyah Ponorogo, and Akademi Kesejahteraan Sosial Ibu Kartini Semarang. The implementation adopted a participatory hybrid approach combining Zoom Meeting dissemination and offline field activities. Activities included literacy enhancement on independent fertilizer production, training on organic fertilizer processing, strengthening farmer group institutions, and legal literacy regarding farmers’ rights in accessing subsidized fertilizers, including RDKK mechanisms and national policies. Methods comprised participatory socialization, hands-on training, group discussions, field practice, and monitoring and evaluation. Results show improved understanding of independent fertilizer concepts, increased technical skills in organic fertilizer production, and greater awareness of farmers’ rights and obligations in the fertilizer distribution system. The program strengthened inter-university collaboration and farmer networks, supporting sustainability, farmer independence, reduced dependence on chemical fertilizers, and community-based food sovereignty.

Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk mengatasi permasalahan yang dihadapi petani di Desa Sawit, Kabupaten Magelang, seperti meningkatnya biaya produksi, kesulitan pengendalian hama, dan degradasi lingkungan akibat penggunaan bahan kimia sintetis yang berlebihan. Program ini memperkenalkan Biosaka, sebuah teknologi pertanian inovatif yang memanfaatkan rumput dan dedaunan lokal untuk menghasilkan larutan elisitor yang mampu meningkatkan ketahanan dan pertumbuhan tanaman. Melalui pelatihan partisipatif dan praktik langsung, para petani diajarkan prinsip, proses pembuatan, dan metode aplikasi Biosaka. Hasil kegiatan menunjukkan peningkatan pemahaman dan keterampilan petani, dengan 85% peserta berhasil memproduksi dan mengaplikasikan Biosaka secara mandiri. Inisiatif ini berkontribusi dalam mengurangi ketergantungan pada input sintetis, menurunkan biaya produksi, mendorong keberlanjutan lingkungan, serta menumbuhkan kesadaran akan pentingnya menjaga kelestarian alam di kalangan petani.

This research aims to analyze: (1) the general characteristics of farmers who convert rubber land to oil palm plantations in Sungai Gelam District, and (2) the economic impact of this land conversion, particularly on farmers’ income. This study uses a quantitative approach with survey data collected from rubber and oil palm farmers. The results show that there are notable differences in farmer characteristics, including capital, labor use, and market access. The average income difference between rubber and oil palm farmers is IDR 2,712,000, indicating higher earnings from oil palm cultivation. Based on the BNT test, with a value of IDR 405,000, the average income difference exceeds the threshold, confirming that the difference is statistically significant. Furthermore, the calculated F value is greater than the F table value, which strengthens the conclusion that there is a significant difference in income between rubber and oil palm farmers. Therefore, land conversion contributes positively to farmers’ income improvement.

Desa Kotayasa merupakan salah satu desa yang memiliki potensi besar di bidang pertanian dan pariwisata. Mayoritas masyarakat bekerja sebagai petani serta pelaku usaha di sektor pariwisata yang berkontribusi terhadap perekonomian masyarakat dan daerah. Namun demikian, masih terdapat siswa yang putus sekolah akibat keterbatasan ekonomi sehingga memilih bekerja untuk membantu keluarga. Kondisi tersebut menyebabkan rendahnya akses pendidikan, termasuk kemampuan bahasa Inggris yang penting dalam mendukung sektor pariwisata dan komunikasi dengan wisatawan asing. Selain itu, masyarakat juga perlu memahami kosakata bahasa Inggris yang berkaitan dengan empon-empon sebagai komoditas lokal unggulan. Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini bertujuan meningkatkan kemampuan dasar bahasa Inggris peserta didik PKBM Desa Kotayasa melalui pelatihan simple present tense, simple past tense, dan pengenalan kosakata empon-empon dalam bahasa Inggris. Metode pelaksanaan menggunakan pendekatan partisipatif melalui ceramah interaktif, latihan terstruktur, diskusi, dan permainan edukatif berbasis gamifikasi. Kegiatan dilaksanakan secara komunikatif dan menyenangkan agar peserta lebih aktif dan mudah memahami materi. Hasil kegiatan menunjukkan adanya peningkatan kemampuan peserta dalam menyusun kalimat sederhana menggunakan simple present tense dan simple past tense, serta meningkatnya pemahaman kosakata empon-empon dalam bahasa Inggris. Program ini diharapkan dapat menjadi model pembelajaran kontekstual dan aplikatif bagi PKBM lainnya, khususnya pada wilayah berbasis pertanian dan pariwisata.

Land conversion associated with renewable energy expansion generates profound socio-cultural transformations in agrarian communities. This study aims to analyze how wind power development reshapes agrarian identity, social capital configuration, and the meaning of land within rural society from an anthropology of development perspective. This research applies qualitative literature-based analysis supported by recent peer-reviewed scholarship on land use change, rural transformation, social capital, and political ecology. Conceptual synthesis integrates sustainable livelihood framework, identity negotiation theory, and energy landscape analysis to construct an interpretive analytical model. Findings indicate that agricultural land conversion produces deagrarianization, occupational shifts, and reconfiguration of social stratification. Land is redefined from a genealogical and productive space into infrastructure and investment asset. Social capital grounded in kinship networks, customary institutions, and local organizations functions as a resilience mechanism through risk redistribution, collective solidarity, and participatory negotiation. Energy landscapes restructure symbolic and material relations between community and territory, generating both hybrid identities and conflict dynamics. Inclusive governance determines whether renewable energy fosters adaptive transformation or deepens commodification and exclusion. Renewable energy transition in rural areas requires socio-cultural recognition beyond technical implementation. Integrating local identity, participatory governance, and community ownership strengthens just and sustainable transformation pathways.

This study examines the role of the Lubuk Intan Village Unit Cooperative (KUD) in assisting in managing oil palm sales for smallholder farmers in Peninjau Village, Batanghari Regency. The background of this study is based on the suboptimal distribution of economic benefits to farmers, despite increasing sales through the cooperative. This situation indicates the need to strengthen the role of cooperatives in the harvest marketing system. This study used a qualitative approach with descriptive methods. Thirteen informants were interviewed: three administrators and ten members of the Lubuk Intan KUD in Peninjau Village, Batanghari Regency. The results indicate that the Lubuk Intan KUD plays a role in facilitating collective sales, providing price information, and creating certainty and transparency in the weighing and recording of harvests. This role has been able to improve marketing efficiency and member trust. However, its implementation still faces obstacles such as limited human resources, limited operational capital, and inadequate member participation.

This research is motivated by the fluctuation in income of areca nut farmers in Lagan Tengah Village, Geragai District, East Tanjung Jabung Regency, which has decreased in recent years. This condition is suspected to be caused by high production costs and unstable areca nut selling prices at the farm level. Therefore, this study aims to determine the effect of production costs and selling prices on areca nut farmer income in Lagan Tengah Village. This research used a quantitative approach with multiple linear regression analysis. The study population was all 1,105 areca nut farmers in Lagan Tengah Village, while the sample size was 92 people, selected using simple random sampling based on the Slovin formula with a 10% margin of error. Data were collected through questionnaires, interviews, observations, and documentation. Data analysis was performed using the classical assumption test, the t-test (partial), the F-test (simultaneous), and the coefficient of determination (R²) test. The results showed that production costs had a partial and significant negative effect on areca nut farmer income, while selling prices had a positive and significant effect on areca nut farmer income. Simultaneously, both variables—production costs and selling prices—have a significant impact on the income of areca nut farmers in Lagan Tengah Village. The coefficient of determination (R²) indicates that production costs and selling prices are able to explain variations in areca nut farmer income quite strongly. From these results, it can be concluded that improving production cost efficiency and stabilizing areca nut selling prices are important factors in increasing the income of areca nut farmers in Lagan Tengah Village. The local government and related institutions are expected to support farmers through subsidy policies, increased market access, and fostering farm management to optimize and sustain farmer income.

This study aims to analyze the impact of middlemen on the price of Fresh Fruit Bunches (FFB) of oil palm received by farmers in Lambur I Village, Tanjung Jabung Timur Regency, from a sharia economic perspective. This study also examines the FFB marketing patterns carried out by farmers and the factors that influence farmers in choosing where to sell their harvest. The method used is a qualitative approach with a case study research type. Data were obtained through in-depth interviews, field observations, and documentation to understand FFB marketing practices and the socio-economic relationships between farmers and middlemen. The results show that FFB marketing in Lambur I Village is carried out through three main channels: middlemen, the Marketing Chain of Trust (RAM), and palm oil processing factories. Most farmers choose to sell FFB to middlemen because the transaction process is easier, payments are fast, and transportation costs are not required. In addition, urgent financial needs, limited transportation facilities, and long-standing socio-economic relationships also influence farmers' dependence on middlemen. In practice, middlemen play a dominant role in determining prices, deducting approximately Rp 250–Rp 300 per kilogram from the factory price. From a sharia economic perspective, marketing practices through middlemen are essentially permissible as long as they are carried out with mutual consent and do not contain elements of usury, gharar, or injustice. However, the dominance of middlemen in determining prices indicates a bargaining imbalance that could potentially harm farmers, thus not fully reflecting the principle of justice in sharia economics

The farmer empowerment program in Dilem Village, Gondang District, was implemented through training on the production of solid compost based on livestock manure as an effort to enhance the independence and agricultural productivity of the local farming community. This training was designed to utilize local resources through a village potential–based approach that emphasizes the optimization of livestock waste and organic materials available in the surrounding environment. The implementation methods included socialization activities, material delivery, hands-on practice in compost production, and post-training assistance to ensure the sustainability of technology application at the farmer level. The results of the program indicated an increase in farmers’ knowledge and skills in the compost-making process, enabling them to produce organic fertilizer independently and reduce dependence on chemical fertilizers. This program also had a positive impact on soil quality, production cost efficiency, environmental cleanliness, and supported environmentally friendly and sustainable agricultural practices. Thus, this training activity contributes to strengthening the local economy, improving farmers’ welfare, and developing a sustainable agricultural system based on local resources in Dilem Village in a continuous and practical manner.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis implementasi Peraturan Daerah Kabupaten Ngawi Nomor 13 Tahun 2019 tentang Perlindungan dan Pemberdayaan Petani serta mengidentifikasi faktor penghambat pelaksanaannya dalam mendukung ketahanan pangan daerah. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian hukum empiris yang mengkaji hukum tidak hanya sebagai norma tertulis, tetapi juga sebagai praktik pelaksanaannya dalam masyarakat. Data penelitian diperoleh melalui wawancara dengan aparatur Dinas Ketahanan Pangan dan Pertanian Kabupaten Ngawi, penyuluh pertanian, serta petani. Selain itu, penelitian juga menggunakan data sekunder yang diperoleh melalui studi kepustakaan berupa peraturan perundang-undangan, buku, jurnal ilmiah, serta dokumen resmi pemerintah daerah. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan membandingkan ketentuan hukum dengan kondisi di lapangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa implementasi kebijakan telah dilaksanakan melalui beberapa program perlindungan dan pemberdayaan petani, seperti bantuan sarana produksi berupa benih unggul, pupuk bersubsidi, alat dan mesin pertanian, pelaksanaan program Asuransi Usaha Tani Padi, perlindungan sosial melalui BPJS Ketenagakerjaan, penyediaan sarana dan prasarana pertanian, serta kegiatan pelatihan dan penyuluhan bagi petani. Namun pelaksanaan kebijakan tersebut masih menghadapi beberapa hambatan, antara lain belum diterbitkannya Peraturan Bupati sebagai regulasi turunan, keterbatasan anggaran daerah, rendahnya partisipasi petani, serta koordinasi antarinstansi yang belum optimal sehingga pelaksanaan kebijakan belum berjalan secara maksimal dalam mendukung ketahanan pangan daerah.

The agricultural sector plays a strategic role in meeting food needs while maintaining environmental sustainability and community welfare. However, conventional farming practices that rely on chemical inputs have caused various problems, such as soil degradation, loss of biodiversity, and environmental pollution. This condition has encouraged the adoption of the Sustainable Agriculture concept, which emphasizes a balance between ecological, economic, and social aspects. Its successful implementation is strongly influenced by farmers’ perceptions as the main actors. This study aims to analyze rice farmers’ perceptions of the implementation of Sustainable Agriculture in swampy areas of Tebas District, Sambas Regency. The research was conducted from October to November 2025 using a survey method involving 95 farmers selected through the Slovin formula and proportional random sampling technique. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and Likert-scale questionnaires, and analyzed using descriptive analysis and binary logistic regression. The results show that farmers’ perceptions are generally positive, particularly regarding water management, variety selection, and cropping patterns. However, the use of organic fertilizers, environmentally friendly pest control, and post-harvest management are still considered difficult. Education level and non-farming occupations significantly influence farmers’ perceptions. Therefore, enhancing extension services, training, and support for business diversification is necessary to promote the adoption of Sustainable Agriculture.

This study aims to analyze the level of financial literacy and examine its influence on the household welfare of vegetable farmers. Agricultural households, particularly smallholder vegetable farmers, frequently experience economic vulnerability due to several structural challenges such as unstable agricultural income, seasonal production patterns, fluctuating market prices, limited access to formal financial services, and inadequate financial management skills. These conditions often make farm households more susceptible to economic shocks, including crop failure, input price increases, or sudden market price declines. In this context, financial literacy becomes an essential capability that enables farmers to manage their financial resources more effectively.This research employed a quantitative research design using a survey approach. The study involved 120 vegetable farmers selected as respondents from major vegetable-producing areas. Data were collected through structured questionnaires designed to measure farmers’ financial literacy levels and household welfare conditions. Financial literacy was assessed through indicators such as financial knowledge, financial behavior, and financial attitudes, while household welfare was evaluated based on indicators including consumption stability, education and health expenditures, savings capacity, and overall economic resilience. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics to describe the characteristics and financial literacy levels of respondents, and multiple linear regression analysis to examine the relationship between financial literacy and household welfare.The results of this study highlight the importance of strengthening financial education programs targeted at agricultural communities. Improving financial literacy among vegetable farmers can contribute not only to better household financial management but also to broader rural economic development. Therefore, financial education initiatives should be integrated into agricultural extension programs, farmer group activities, and local government development strategies. Such initiatives may include training in household financial planning, simple bookkeeping for farm businesses, savings management, and responsible credit use. By enhancing farmers’ financial capabilities, these programs can help improve household welfare, strengthen rural economic resilience, and support the long-term sustainability of the agricultural sector.

Rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) is an important plantation commodity that contributes to improving rural livelihoods. However, the productivity of smallholder rubber plantations remains relatively low due to various technical constraints, socio-economic conditions, and limited farmers’ knowledge and technology. This study aims to analyze the influence of technical aspects of cultivation and socio-economic aspects on farmers’ knowledge and technology in rubber cultivation in Desa Antutan, Kecamatan Tanjung Palas, Kabupaten Bulungan. This research employed a mixed methods approach with a descriptive design. Quantitative data were collected through questionnaires distributed to 30 rubber farmers selected using purposive sampling, while qualitative data were obtained through in-depth interviews and documentation. Quantitative data were analyzed using multiple linear regression with SPSS software, while qualitative data were analyzed through data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing The results indicate that technical aspects of cultivation and socio-economic aspects simultaneously influence farmers’ knowledge and technology in rubber cultivation. Partially, technical cultivation aspects have a more dominant effect than socio-economic aspects. Qualitative findings reveal that the main problems faced by farmers include improper tapping techniques, aging rubber trees, rubber price fluctuations, and limited access to agricultural training and extension services.

This study aims to determine the level of income earned by palm sugar (brown sugar) producers in Nubuai Village, Urei Faisei District, Waropen Regency. The research employed a descriptive research design. The population consisted of all palm sugar farmers in Nubuai Village, Urei Faisei District, Waropen Regency. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling, with a total sample of 10 respondents. The data sources included primary and secondary data. Primary data were obtained through direct interviews conducted by the researcher using a structured questionnaire containing previously prepared questions. Secondary data were collected from relevant government institutions related to the study. Data collection techniques included observation, questionnaires, and documentation. Data analysis was carried out using multiple regression analysis, t-test, and F-test. The results showed that the income variable obtained by palm sugar producers had a positive and significant effect on the income of palm sugar farmers in Nubuai Village, Urei Faisei District, Waropen Regency, with a regression coefficient value of Rp 8,976.001 and a significance value of 0.000 < 0.05. The farmers’ revenue variable also had a positive and significant effect on farmers’ income in Nubuai Village, with a regression coefficient value of Rp 15,791.849 and a significance value of 0.038 < 0.05. Furthermore, the variables of experience and palm sugar price simultaneously influenced the income of palm sugar farmers in Nubuai Village, Urei Faisei District, Waropen Regency.

Purworejo Regency is one of the centers of herbal plant production in Indonesia. One of these is lemongrass, which is widely found in the Ngombol area. Furthermore, this plant can be used to make herbal products. However, the selling value of this plant is still relatively low because it relies solely on middlemen or collectors. One product made from lemongrass is essential oil. The goal of this Community Service program is to increase the selling value of lemongrass and provide new business opportunities to increase the income of local farmers, especially Mrs. Kasminah in Wonosari Village, Ngombol District, Purworejo Regency. The implementation method includes preparation, core, and completion. The result of this activity is the creation of a new innovation in the form of a practical herbal drink without preservatives that has quite good market potential and is in demand by consumers. Then, the product is branded Sempontea. Achievements during the activity include a significant increase in income, as well as the creation of effective offline and online marketing strategies. This activity also succeeded in establishing a sustainable business ecosystem and increasing environmental awareness through the use of herbal plants.  Overall, this community service activity has succeeded in increasing the selling value of lemongrass plants, improving the economy of local farmers, and providing social and economic impacts for the community through the utilization of local resources.

Strategies to increase the income of self -help palm oil farmers can help farmers to increase production yields. This study aims to formulate and obtain strategies in an effort to increase the income of oil palm farmers. This research was conducted in Kalis District, Kapuas Hulu Regency. This study was carried out from April 5 to May 524. This study used a descriptive quantitative method with case study methods and identified internal factors (strengths and weaknesses) and external (opportunities and threats) used for the strategy to increase the income of oil palm farmers in the sub -district dull. The variables used in this study were obtained from indicators of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. Based on the results of the research results of the collection, processing and analysis of the main internal factors, it is found that the main strength factor of farmers is the status of land ownership and land area owned by farmers with a weight score of 0.41. As for the main weakness of self -help farmers is inadequate access to infrastructure with a weight score of 0.18 and the total score of the IFE matrix is ​​2.51. For data analysis of the main external factors, it is found that the main opportunity factor of farmers is oil palm can be a term investment for farmers with a weight score of 0.41. As for the main threat of self -help farmers is a long queue at the Palm Oil Mill (PKS) with a weight score of 0.18 and the total score of the IFE matrix is ​​2.62. The results of processing internal and external data of farmers using the IE matrix show that the position of farmers is in quadrant I, the suitable strategy is an aggressive strategy that can support the growth of oil palm farming.

This study discusses the legal problems faced by tobacco farmers in Sukorejo Village, Kotaanyar District, Probolinggo Regency due to the closure of large tobacco warehouses that force them to depend on middlemen. This condition causes legal uncertainty, an imbalance in the bargaining position, and alleged violations of the principle of healthy business competition, thus having a direct impact on the economic sustainability of farmers. The focus of this research is to describe the practice of business competition and its impact on tobacco farmers and explain the form of legal protection from the perspective of business competition law and sharia economic law. The research method used is empirical law with a sociology approach to law and legislation, through observations, interviews, and documentation from farmers, middlemen, and factories. The results of the study show that there is dominance of middlemen in cooperation with large factories so that farmers lose freedom in determining prices. This condition does not reflect the principles of fairness and transparency in business competition. Legal protection is still weak because there is no regulation of the basic price or a definite buying and selling mechanism. In the perspective of sharia economic law, the practice violates the principles of al-adl (justice) and al-amanah (honesty). In conclusion, preventive legal protection is needed in the form of price regulation and the establishment of marketing cooperatives, as well as repressive protection through law enforcement against unfair business competition practices.

This community service program aims to strengthen the managerial capacity of red lemongrass farmers in AMKE Oro-Oro Ombo, Batu, East Java, through training on cash bookkeeping, income analysis, and farming feasibility evaluation. The main problems faced by farmers are limited knowledge of financial management, lack of systematic bookkeeping, and inability to evaluate the profitability of their businesses, which often results in inaccurate decision-making and low competitiveness. The method applied included participatory training, mentoring, and simulation of financial records and feasibility analysis. The results of the program demonstrate that participants gained a better understanding of the importance of structured financial recording. Farmers who previously relied only on sales revenue calculations without considering fixed and variable costs are now able to prepare cash books, identify expenses, and evaluate profit margins accurately. Cash bookkeeping has proven to improve financial transparency and accountability, while income analysis has equipped farmers with the skills to assess their business sustainability. The feasibility evaluation, using indicators such as R/C and B/C ratios, showed that red lemongrass farming is profitable but still requires efficiency improvements to increase long-term sustainability. Overall, this training has enhanced farmers’ managerial skills, encouraged independent decision-making, and strengthened their capacity to face price fluctuations and market competition. The program is expected to support the continuity and competitiveness of red lemongrass agribusiness in AMKE Oro-Oro Ombo

Farmer empowerment through the development of local agricultural commodities is an important strategy to increase farmers’ income and strengthen the independence of farmer groups. This community service activity aimed to enhance the capacity of the Padimas Farmer Group in Sana Tengah Village, Pasean Sub-district, Pamekasan Regency, through the development of local Madura melon as a regional flagship commodity. The program was implemented using a participatory–collaborative approach that actively involved farmers in all stages of the activity, including the identification of local needs and potentials, provision of demonstration plot land, cultivation assistance, and continuous monitoring and evaluation. The melon demonstration plot served as a practical learning medium for farmers in applying cultivation techniques adapted to local agroclimatic conditions. The results showed that the development of the local melon demonstration plot significantly improved farmers’ knowledge and skills in melon cultivation, with a plant survival rate reaching 99%. In addition, this activity supported the establishment of a group-based flagship commodity with promising economic value and market opportunities. Overall, the farmer empowerment program contributed positively to strengthening farmers’ economic independence and has the potential to serve as a model for sustainable horticultural agribusiness development in the Pamekasan region.

Non-formal institutions, such as farmer groups, play a strategic role in increasing farmer capacity and strengthening agricultural production systems at the village level. This study aims to analyze the role, function, and institutional dynamics of the Bina Satu Farmer Group in supporting tomato farmers in Parabubu Village, Mego District. A descriptive qualitative approach was used, with data collection techniques including observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. The results indicate that the Bina Satu Farmer Group serves as a learning platform, a collaborative unit, and a liaison between farmers and external institutions. This institution functions in disseminating information on tomato cultivation technology, strengthening access to production inputs, and enhancing farmers' bargaining power in marketing. However, several weaknesses were identified, such as low member participation in routine meetings and limited managerial skills among administrators. Overall, the existence of this farmer group has significantly contributed to increasing the knowledge, productivity, and independence of tomato farmers in Parabubu Village.