Publication Search

The refugee and asylum seeker phenomenon raises complex legal issues, especially concerning their citizenship status and international legal protection. Many refugees face statelessness, which requires legal safeguards under international instruments such as the 1951 Refugee Convention and the 1967 Protocol. However, Indonesia has not ratified the 1951 Convention, relying instead on Presidential Regulation No. 125 of 2016. This study aims to compare the citizenship status of refugees and asylum seekers under international law and Indonesian national law. The research employs a normative legal method with a comparative approach by examining legal instruments, academic journals, and literature. The results show that international law provides broader protection, while Indonesian national law is limited to administrative and humanitarian aspects without granting permanent citizenship. In conclusion, there exists a normative gap between international conventions and Indonesian legal policies, requiring harmonization to ensure adequate protection for refugees and asylum seekers.

This paper discusses the impact of the Sudanese refugee crisis on security stability in the Chad border region. The conflict between the Sudanese Armed Forces and Rapid Support Forces since April 2023 has triggered a massive wave of refugees, making Chad one of the main recipient countries. Using a regional security complex theory approach, this paper shows that the flow of refugees not only creates social and economic pressures, but also magnifies security risks such as infiltration of armed groups, tensions between communities, and weak control in the border region. Through document analysis, the paper highlights how Chad's capacity constraints exacerbate the situation, as well as the need for a long-term response involving cross-actor coordination and sustained international support.

This review analyzes 47 studies (N=12,487 refugees) published between 2010-2024 to compare the effectiveness of adaptive and maladaptive coping strategies in addressing trauma and stress among Middle Eastern refugees. The results of the analysis, utilizing a random effects model, affirm that adaptive coping strategies are positively correlated with psychological well-being (r = 0.62, p < 0.001) and social adjustment (r = 0.58, p < 0.001) of Middle Eastern refugees. Conversely, maladaptive strategies are associated with an increase in symptoms of depression (r = 0.45, p < 0.001) and anxiety (r = 0.52, p < 0.001). Furthermore, the moderator analysis reveals that social support enhances the positive effects of adaptive strategies (β = 0.34, p < 0.01). At the same time, trauma conditions exacerbate the negative impact of maladaptive strategies among refugees (β = 0.41, p < 0.001). Thus, these findings extend prior research by Alzoubi et al. (2019) and Paudyal et al. (2021), which focused solely on a single type of coping strategy, by providing insights into the complex interactions between various strategies and contextual factors affecting the coping mechanisms of Middle Eastern refugees as a novel contribution. Additionally, this research uniquely emphasizes, lacking in previous literature, that a combination of problem-focused and emotion-focused coping strategies can result in better adaptation outcomes for trauma-affected Middle Eastern refugees compared to the use of a singular strategy (d = 0.76, p < 0.001).

This study analyzes the longitudinal trends in the prevalence of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) among Syrian refugees over a 14-year period (2011–2025) through a systematic meta-analysis of 47 studies, encompassing a total sample of 28,453 refugees. Using a random-effects model, the analysis confirms fluctuating PTSD prevalence, peaking at 83.4% in 2013 (95% CI: 78.2–88.6%) before gradually declining to 42.7% in 2025 (95% CI: 37.3–48.1%). Furthermore, multilevel regression analysis identifies significant predictors, including displacement duration (β = -0.34, p < .001), access to mental health services (β = -0.28, p < .001), and social integration (β = -0.31, p < .001). These findings extend the work of Hassan et al. (2019) on the short-term impact of war trauma and support the resilience model proposed by Mahmoud et al. (2021), highlighting a more complex recovery trajectory. Unlike the previous meta-analysis by Silove et al. (2017), which focused on the first five years of displacement, this study reveals that 37.8% of refugees continue to exhibit chronic PTSD symptoms after 14 years. Notably, key risk factors such as family loss (OR = 2.84, 95% CI: 2.31–3.37) and legal status uncertainty (OR = 2.16, 95% CI: 1.78–2.54) emerge as novel contributions. These findings provide new insights into the long-term trajectory of PTSD among refugee populations and its implications for sustainable mental health interventions.

Bangladesh merupakan negara tujuan utama untuk menjadi tempat pengungsian dari etnis Rohingya. Kehidupan di kamp-kamp pengungsian di Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh, sangat mengkhawatirkan akibat tingginya angka kekerasan berbasis gender yang terjadi. United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) sebagai salah satu badan dari Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa (PBB) yang bertanggungjawab terhadap seluruh pengungsi di dunia hadir untuk memberikan solusi melalui kerjasama dengan pemerintah Bangladesh dan Lembaga Swadaya Masyarakat (LSM) dalam mengatasi isu kekerasan berbasis gender. Dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif, penelitian ini menjelaskan bagaimana UNHCR menjalankan fungsi dan tanggung jawabnya di Bangladesh. Teori yang digunakan sebagai landasan adalah liberalisme internasional dan feminisme radikal. Hasil penelitian memberi gambaran, bahwa perlindungan bagi para pengungsi belum dapat dikatakan aman jika dilihat dari beberapa konflik yang telah terjadi hingga merenggut nyawa etnis Rohingya.

The refugee crisis experienced by Bangladesh due to the mass exodus of Rohingya refugees fleeing ethnic conflict in Myanmar is one of the largest refugee issues in the world. This crisis needs to be addressed immediately as it can threaten the lives of both the local population and the refugees themselves. Overcrowded shelters, housing nearly 1 million refugees with half of the population being children, increase the risk of disease transmission and violence, which can be a deadly combination for children. Therefore, to tackle the refugee problem, especially in fulfilling the rights of Rohingya children in Bangladesh, international actors' assistance is urgently needed. One of the organizations involved is UNICEF. UNICEF strives to provide aid in line with its capabilities and functions as an international organization focused on children and women. The aid provided by UNICEF is in the form of foreign aid or humanitarian assistance, divided into two types: material assistance and technical assistance. Material assistance includes the provision of clean water, food, hygiene supplies, education, and shelter. Technical assistance is provided through protection, training, and counseling. In its efforts to meet the needs of Rohingya refugee children, UNICEF has established the "UNICEF’s Humanitarian Action for Children in Bangladesh: Rohingya Influx" program, covering several sectors, including Child Protection, Health, Education, Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH), and Nutrition. The humanitarian assistance provided aligns with the stipulations of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC) regarding the fulfillment of the rights of refugee children.

Perang yang terjadi antara dua negara maupun lebih akan mengakibatkan terjadinya pengungsian secara besar guna mencari kehidupan yang lebih layak dan melarikan dari wilayah konflik. Negara-negara anggota Uni Eropa merupakan negara yang mau membuka perbatasan dan menerima pengungsi dari wilayah konflik terutama dari wilayah Timur Tengah. Jerman dengan kebijakan pintu terbuka yang dicetuskan pada masa kepemimpinan Angela Merkel meenrima banyak apresiasi dari banyak pihak. Akan tetapi dampak negative muncul dengan membeludaknya angka kriminalitas di Jerman dan hal ini membuat Jerman secara tidak langsung memikirkan keputusan mereka dalam menerima pengungsi. Artikel ini akan membahas problematika yang muncul dari penerimaan pengungsi bagi Jerman dan bagaimana identitas masyarakat Eropa memiliki peranan yang cukup penting.    

Kecemasan adalah suatu perasaan takut akan terjadinya sesuatu yang disebabkan oleh antisipasi bahaya dan merupakan sinyal yang membantu individu untuk bersiap mengambil tindakan menghadapi ancaman. Pengaruh bencana yang terjadi dalam kehidupan dapat membawa dampak terhadap kesehatan fisik dan psikologis. Tujuan penelitian mengetahui faktor - faktor yang berhubungan dengan tingkat kecemasan pada masyarakat pengungsian pasca gempa bumi di Desa Kamarian Kabupaten Seram Bagian Barat. Metode penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain penelitian deskriptif analitik menggunakan pendekatan Cross Sectional Study, Pengambilan sampel pada penelitian ini menggunakan teknik sampling Purposive Sampling yang berjumlah 43 responden, Instrumen penelitian menggunakan kuesioner. Hasil penelitian ini didapatkan ada hubungan antara jenis kelamin dengan tingkat kecemasan pada masyarakat pengungsian pasca gempa bumi dengan uji statistic p=0,003<005, tidak ada hubungan antara usia dengan tingkat kecemasan pada masyarakat  pengungsian pasca gempa bumi dengan uji statistic p=0,020 <0,05, dan hubungan antara pengetahuan  dengan tingkat kecemasan pada masyarakat pengungsian pasca gempa bumi uji statistic p=0,865>0,05.