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This study aims to analyze the effect of Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG) welding parameter variations on the mechanical and metallurgical properties of AISI 304 austenitic stainless steel, which is widely used in construction and industrial applications due to its excellent corrosion resistance and joint strength. The research focuses on identifying the optimal welding current to minimize welding defects and enhance joint structural integrity. Welding current was varied at three levels, namely 100 A, 125 A, and 135 A, while other parameters such as welding speed, argon shielding gas flow rate, and electrode type were kept constant. Mechanical properties were evaluated through Micro-Vickers hardness testing conducted in the weld metal, Heat Affected Zone (HAZ), and base metal, as well as tensile testing to determine ultimate tensile strength and elongation. In addition, non-destructive testing using the dye penetrant method was performed to detect surface welding discontinuities. Metallographic analysis was carried out using optical microscopy following an etching process to observe grain morphology, grain size, and the formation of microstructural phases. The results are expected to demonstrate a correlation between increased heat input due to higher welding current and changes in mechanical properties and microstructure, particularly in the HAZ. This study provides practical guidance for determining optimal TIG welding parameters for AISI 304 to achieve high tensile strength, homogeneous hardness distribution, and a stable microstructure resistant to intergranular corrosion.

This study aims to determine the relationship between learning motivation and learning outcomes in SMAW welding engineering among eleventh-grade students at SMKN 2 Solok. This research employed a quantitative method with a correlational approach. The population consisted of all students from classes XI TPM 1 and XI TPM 2, totaling 51 students, using a total sampling technique. Learning motivation data were collected through a validated and reliable questionnaire, while learning outcome data were obtained from post-test scores in the SMAW welding subject. Data were analyzed using the Pearson Product Moment correlation test with the assistance of SPSS software. The results showed a correlation coefficient of r = 0.783 with a significance value of 0.000 < 0.01, indicating a strong, positive, and statistically significant relationship between learning motivation and students’ learning outcomes. These findings suggest that higher learning motivation leads to better learning outcomes in SMAW welding engineering. Therefore, learning motivation plays an important role in improving students’ academic performance. This study is expected to provide useful insights for teachers and schools in developing instructional strategies that enhance students’ motivation and learning outcomes.

Welding work on ships carries high risks of health disturbances due to exposure to heat, smoke, chemicals, and poor ergonomic work positions. This study aims to identify potential occupational health hazards among welders working on the MV KAREEM ship at PT. Samudra Marine Indonesia in 2025. The study uses a descriptive observational design with total sampling technique, involving 30 welders. Data were collected through direct observation using observation sheets and documentation in accordance with the welding SOP. The results of the study revealed five categories of health hazards. Physical hazards included excessive heat, noise, and poor lighting. Chemical hazards included welding fumes, metal dust, and toxic gases. Biological hazards arose from exposure to microorganisms in the work environment. Ergonomic hazards were related to awkward posture, prolonged static positions, and manual handling loads. Psychosocial hazards included long working hours, high workload, and conflicts among workers. The findings emphasize that welders are prone to health disturbances due to various risk factors. Preventive measures, including improving the work environment, implementing stricter safety standards, and providing occupational health education, are essential to reduce these risks.

This study aims to analyze the welding results between two commonly used methods, namely Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW) and Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW), using radiographic testing methods. Welding is an important process in industry that affects the quality and strength of metal joints. In this study, we will examine the quality of welding results from both methods through radiographic testing, which serves to detect defects in welded joints. The GTAW method is known for its cleaner results and minimizes defects, while SMAW is often used because of its convenience and lower cost. The welding process is a crucial factor in ensuring the durability and performance of metal structures, and selecting the right welding method is essential for specific industrial applications. This study will compare the two methods based on the results of radiographic and tensile tests, evaluating factors such as weld strength, defect occurrence, and structural integrity. The analysis will also examine the advantages and disadvantages of each method in terms of weld quality, cost-effectiveness, and practical applications in different industries. It is hoped that the results of this study can provide deeper insights into the selection of the right welding method for industrial applications, as well as contribute to the development of welding technology. Furthermore, the findings will support improvements in quality control and provide a scientific basis for future welding practices in various manufacturing sectors.

Welding is one of the most essential metal joining processes in manufacturing, construction, and industrial applications, where Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW) remains widely used due to its flexibility, cost-effectiveness, and ability to be applied in various welding positions. This study aims to analyze the effect of welding position variations on the mechanical properties of SS400 steel, particularly in terms of tensile strength, bending strength, and microstructural characteristics. The experimental method was conducted using 6 mm thick SS400 steel with E6013 electrodes of 2.6 mm diameter in three welding positions: 1G, 2G, and 3G. The welded specimens were then tested through tensile testing (ASTM E8) and bending testing (ASTM E190-14), followed by microstructural analysis in the weld metal area. The results revealed that welding position significantly affects the mechanical properties of welded joints, where the 3G position produced the highest tensile strength of 188.48 kgf/mm², while the 2G position produced the lowest tensile strength of 113.70 kgf/mm². Conversely, the bending test showed that the 2G position provided the maximum bending strength of 1394 kgf/mm², followed by 3G and 1G positions. Microstructural observations demonstrated variations in the distribution of ferrite, pearlite, martensite, and cementite phases across different welding positions, with the dominance of ferrite and pearlite in the 3G specimen contributing to higher tensile strength, while the dominance of martensite and cementite in the 2G specimen enhanced hardness and bending resistance. Overall, this study confirms that welding position plays a crucial role in determining the quality of SS400 welded joints, and the findings are expected to serve as practical guidance for industry in selecting appropriate welding positions for construction needs, while encouraging further research with additional variables such as electrode type, welding current, and post-weld heat treatment to achieve a more comprehensive understanding.

This study aims to describe the implementation of Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW) techniques in practical training conducted by cadets of the Teknika Study Program at AMN Cilacap. The method employed is descriptive quantitative using a Likert-scale questionnaire (1–5). The research sample consisted of 40 second-semester cadets selected through purposive sampling. The questionnaire was structured based on four aspects: theoretical understanding, practical skills, compliance with safety procedures, and perceived obstacles. The results show that theoretical understanding was at a high level (average score of 4.1; 87.5%), practical skills were categorized as adequate (75%), and compliance with safety procedures was very high (90%). However, obstacles were still significantly perceived, with an average score of 2.88 and only 27.5% of respondents giving positive responses. The main obstacles faced by cadets included limited welding equipment, insufficient training in specific welding positions, and inadequate practice time. This study recommends improvements in practical facilities, diversification of training in various welding positions, and more effective management of practice schedules to support optimal learning outcomes.

The rapid advancement of technology today encourages every human being in matters related to the field of industrial or machinery needs, which has a function as a power transfer from the driving force (diesel engine or electric motor dynamo) to the engine to be driven, Gearbox is a component of a machineconsisting of a house for gears, In one of the uses of machine construction and in some components often involves professional welding techniques, one of which is welding using electric arc / Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW), the selection of appropriate welding current parameters affects the strength and changes in the mechanical properties of a metal. The current used is too low will cause the difficulty of igniting the electric arc, and the electric arc that occurs is unstable, this test wants to examine using high carbon steel, namely JIS S45C STEEL (ASTM 1045) in the application for gears on the Gearbox through SMAW weldingusing electrodes (E11018-G) Ø3.2 mm with current variations of 90 A, 100 A and 110 A, and see its mechanical properties of NDT testing, tensile testing, and impact testing (charpy). The NDT test results obtained no indication of cracks in the variations of 90, A, 100 A and 110 A and the porosity indication only occurredin the variation of 100 A, in the Tensile test test obtained good results in the current variation of 90 A and the less good occurred in the variation of 100 A. In the Im test test, the results of the NDT test were obtained.

The subject of Metal Welding Technology is one of the compulsory subjects in the Fabrication major. However, many students' learning outcomes remain below the assessment criteria. This is suspected to be due to the use of conventional or less varied teaching methods, which result in limited student understanding and practical skills. Therefore, the researcher applied the Project-Based Learning (PjBL) model in this study, which aimed to determine its effect on students' comprehension. The type of research used was a quasi-experimental design with a post-test only control group, involving two classes: an experimental class and a control class. The study involved 16 students in each class. Data were collected through a test. Based on the data obtained, there was a difference between the experimental and control classes. This was proven by the average post-test scores of the experimental class, which was 80.62, compared to the control class, which was 65. These results indicate that the experimental class scored higher than the control class. The final data analysis included tests for normality, homogeneity, and hypothesis testing using a t-test. The results showed a significant (2-tailed) value of 0.001 for the comprehension group, which is less than 0.05. This means that the use of the Project-Based Learning model had a significant effect on students’ understanding and can be classified as effective, as it improved their comprehension.

This study aims to determine the effect of Virtual Reality Box (VR BOX) as a learning medium on students' motivation, interest, and learning discipline in welding practice for grade XI students of the Machining Engineering Department at SMK Negeri 1 Tanjung Raya. The research method used is quantitative with a quasi-experimental design applying the non-equivalent control group design approach. Data were collected through tests and observation and analyzed using validity tests, reliability, normality, homogeneity, t-tests, ANOVA, and coefficient of determination. The results showed that the use of VR BOX significantly influenced students' motivation, interest, and learning discipline. The implementation of VR media created interactive learning, increased student engagement, and reduced fear in welding practice. It can be concluded that VR BOX is an effective instructional medium to improve the quality of vocational practice learning in vocational schools.

Natural gas is an essential industrial fluid, and its distribution requires a pipeline system that is safe and leak-free. Leakage in natural gas pipelines remains a major concern, as it reduces public confidence in using gas for household purposes. Therefore, testing is conducted before the pipeline network is operated. One commonly used method to detect leaks is the Pneumatic Test, which evaluates the strength and integrity of pipes and their joints according to standards for polyethylene natural gas pipelines. This test uses compressed air supplied by a compressor, with pressure and temperature measured at the inlet pipe using a pressure gauge. The study found no pressure changes or leakage throughout the test. The calculated holding time required for the pneumatic procedure was 1 hour, 26 minutes, and 8 seconds. Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) results showed that: (a) at 50% of test pressure (approximately 10 bar), the pipe held for 15 minutes with no pressure drop; (b) at 75% (around 15 bar), pressure remained stable for 15 minutes; and (c) at 100% (20 bar), pressure was maintained for 75 minutes without loss. Welding was performed using Nikko Steel electrodes (2 mm × 300 mm, 50–80 A), supported by proper safety gear and tools, and a Riland welding machine with a 400-A capacity.

One of the key processes in the production of APAR cylinders is the welding of cylindrical plates, which is carried out using a Longitudinal Welding Cylinder machine and the CO₂ welding method. However, in practice, operators face several challenges, mainly due to the number of process steps that do not significantly contribute to the quantity or quality of the output, resulting in reduced productivity. This study aims to improve the productivity of the welding process through a series of improvements. The methods used include data analysis and root cause identification through the Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) approach and Lean Six Sigma using the DMAIC stages (Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control). Based on the Define stage, the initial OEE value was 67.49%, which is still far below the world-class standard of 85%. In the Measure stage, Pareto analysis revealed that the largest downtime (2,097 minutes or 40%) was caused by cycle time issues. Further analysis showed that activities such as material setup, additional plate placement, and additional plate cutting (totaling 85 seconds) could still be optimized. During the Improve stage, modifications were made, such as eliminating the additional plate cutting process and adding a stopper to ensure accurate welding alignment. These improvements successfully reduced the cycle time from 180 seconds to 120 seconds, thereby decreasing downtime and increasing the OEE value to 76.12%.

Grade A steel plates are commonly used in marine and offshore structures due to their high corrosion resistance. This study investigates the effect of bevel angle variations (30°, 40°, and 50°) and the use of ceramic backing on the mechanical properties and welding defects of Grade A steel using the Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW) method. Welding was conducted with four-pass multipass welding. An experimental approach was employed, including macro visual inspection, dye penetrant, tensile, and impact testing. Results showed that specimens without ceramic backing (P1) had more defects such as incomplete penetration and spatter compared to those with backing (P2). All specimens met ASTM E23 impact standards (average 23.9–24.1 J/mm²). Tensile tests revealed that ceramic backing improved strength, with the highest UTS (576.1 MPa) and elongation (25%) found.

A pressure vessel is a closed container that stores pressurized liquids or gases. Low-carbon steel is used as a material for pressure vessels that operate at low to moderate temperatures. One of the important aspects of manufacturing pressure vessels is the welding process. The welded area tends to be the weakest point due to exposure to high heat, which can lead to greater residual stress and potentially cause cracking. This study aims to evaluate the effect of variation in ample angle and current strength on mechanical properties, especially tensile strength, and hardness, to determine the optimal amplitude angle and current strength. The research method applied is an experiment by conducting SMAW welding on SS400 steel using E7016 electrodes, with a single V ample angle variation of 55°, 60°, 65°, and strong welding current of 110 A, 120 A, and 130 A, then a tensile test and hardness test are carried out. The results show that the tensile strength of the raw material is 481.2  with a hardness of 191.95 HVN. For the variation of the amputation angle, the highest tensile strength value was recorded at an angle of 55°, which was 567.471 N/mm2 , while the lowest was at an angle of 65°, which was 559.997 N/mm2 . The highest hardness value at a 65° angle reached 328.422 HVN, while the lowest at a 55° angle was 312.878 HVN. In terms of current strength variation, the highest tensile strength is obtained at 130 A which is 568.421 N/mm2 and the lowest at 110 A is 552.339 N/mm2 . The highest hardness value is found at a current strength of 110 A, which is 343.411 HVN, and the lowest at a current strength of 130 A, which is 295.122 HVN. The optimal parameters were found at a yield angle of 55° with a tensile strength of 567.471 N/mm2 and a hardness of 312.8 HVN and a current strength of 130 A with a tensile strength of 568.421 N/mm2 and a hardness of 295.1 HVN.

In connection with the easing of the Covid 19 virus in Indonesia, the Indonesian Christian University (UKI) Engineering PKM TEAM conducted welding training offline for children with special needs. The purpose of the Service for children at the Panti Karya is to be able to provide training in welding and making trash cans easily and effectively as life skills for the children of the HEPHATA HKBP Panti Karya Foundation in North Sumatra Participants, to be able to implement cleanliness around the Hephata HKBP Panti Karya Foundation in North Sumatra as well as children who already have the skills to make trash cans from welding training can generate incoming funds for the HKBP Hephata Panti Foundation in North Sumatra. With this dedication, we can equip the children of the Karya Orphanage with life skills in making trash cans and welding to increase their competence.  

The duties and functions of a lecturer are to implement the Tri Darma of Higher Education which consists of teaching and education, research and community service. Community service is intended to participate in advancing community welfare and making the nation's life smarter. For this purpose, community empowerment is carried out through training in basic welding techniques to provide skills for people who have dropped out of school and employees who have been laid off by the Company due to being hit by the economic crisis as a consequence of the spread of Covid-19 globally and having a broad impact on various aspects of human life. The basic welding techniques training activity began with a socialization and discussion session together with educational and community leaders in Patekke Village, South Makale District. The results of the discussion are part of an analysis of situations and phenomena in society in general and for former of PT Malea Energy workers in particular. This training activity aims to provide training participants with skills and competencies so that they can work independently to activate and run the economic activities again. Training materials related to Occupational Safety and Health (K3), Industrial Materials, work facilities and equipment, and working drawings. The benefit of training is increasing HR capacity to increase productivity which is expected to improve the family's economic performance.

One of the work activities usually carried out to maintain and repair public facilities in residential communities is the welding process. Of course, correct knowledge is needed regarding a good welding process in order to produce quality welding results so that the object being repaired can last a long time. In the welding process there are several potential dangers which have risks both for the welding worker himself in terms of health and risks for the environment in the form of fire. Education to the public regarding the welding process so that it produces quality results in general includes: ensuring the work area is clean and safe, then the tools and materials used are according to specifications and correct welding techniques are very helpful to the public. Apart from that, recognition of the potential dangers and risks that may arise from the welding process can increase awareness in the community of the importance of implementing occupational health and safety principles.

In the world of the PLTU industry, the need for material, especially the need for the sapot process and conveyor repairs, occurs in the world of PLTU, which is installed on the conveyor construction and when connecting materials, different grades are often used and this often occurs in the field during the process of combining plates with different grades. on the sapote. and for installing the plate on the sappot, use grade A and the plate that is often used is the plate for the machine foundation with grade B on the sappot material using low carbon grade A steel. In this research report, welding is carried out and combined with grade A steel which is usually used for sappots. the conveyor is combined with low carbon grade B steel in the construction of the PLTU sapot. Where welding is carried out 3x why this needs to be done is because to know the characteristics of low carbon grade A steel and low carbon grade B steel, whether the characteristics are the same or not because they are used in When grade A steel material runs out in the industry, the testing process uses 3 tests, namely to determine NDT testing (Non Destructive, test), tensile testing, and micro testing for the testing process. (DonyPerdana and Ahmad Bazy Syarif, 2017).

Welding is an important thing in shipbuilding. There are several types of joints and types of materials with different material thicknesses, on of which is Flux Cored Arc Welding (FCAW). FCAW is a welding process that has a high level of productivity so that it is suitable for fabrication activities. Double-sided welding is often performed on joints. This causes time inefficiencies and costs quite a lot. Therefore, the solution so that welding is only done on one side, by using a backing ceramic. The Backing Ceramic is used to hold the welding penetration better and get better welding result. The purpose of this study was to determine the result of the strength of Backing Ceramic Weld on FCAW welding of A36 carbon steel material so that it can get perfect results, not defective and can be accepted according to the desired criteria.

Di negara indonesia ini, permasalahan ketenagakerjaan ini memiliki berbagai permasalahan, di antaranya ialah kepercayaan diri yang kurang, kualitas tenaga kerja yang rendah serta lapangan pekerjaan yang sulit hingga berimplikasi terhadap krisis global. Namun, tidak melibatkan upaya pengembangan sumber daya manusia yang bertalenta dan berdaya saing di tengah permasalahan yang kompleks. Kondisi kondisi kerja di Indonesia tentunya akan semakin memburuk. Dengan demikian, segala bidang perlu pembenahan diri baik dari segi kualitas maupun kuantitas pekerjaan, salah satunya adalah bidang teknologi las. UPT Praktek Kerja Kabupaten Deli Serdang, sebagai instansi pemerintah yang mengadakan beberapa jenis pelatihan,  yang di antaranya ialah berupa teknik pengelasan, yang mana ini dianggap akan dapat menyebabkan proses dalam mengembangkan sektor ketenagakerjaan ini semakin cepat. Penelitian ini tujuannya ialah agar dapat mengetahui pelaksanan dari pelatihan untuk keterampilan dari las listrik untuk menaikkan persaingan dan kapasitas dari para tenaga kerja tersebut. Jenis penelitian ini terintegrasi secara kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Topik penelitian sebanyak 10 responden, terdiri dari 10 peserta pelatihan. Observasi, wawancara, kuesioner dan dokumentasi sebagai sarana pengumpulan data, dan data yang terkumpul ini dilakukan pengolahan dan penganalisisan dengan mempergunakan rumus koefisien korelasi product-moment. Hasil survey menunjukkan bahwa pelatihan las memberikan pengaruh signifikan terhadap kualitas tenaga kerja masyarakat dalam peningkatan kualitas tenaga kerja masyarakat di Balai Pelaksana Teknis Balai Latihan Kerja Kabupaten Deli Serdang.

PT. XYZ, sebuah perusahaan manufaktur, memproduksi berbagai produk, termasuk Bok Travo. Perusahaan bertujuan untuk mengurangi limbah dalam proses produksinya untuk meningkatkan keuntungan dan tetap kompetitif di industri. Untuk mencapai hal tersebut, sebuah penelitian dilakukan untuk mengidentifikasi, mengurangi, dan mengusulkan perbaikan limbah dalam proses produksi Bok Travo. Studi ini menggunakan konsep lean manufacturing dengan menggunakan alat pemetaan aliran nilai dan metode Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA). Hasil pemetaan aliran nilai menunjukkan bahwa waktu produksi Bok Travo dapat dikurangi dari 2559 menjadi 2159 menit. Dengan menggunakan metode FMEA, akar penyebab pemborosan tertinggi diidentifikasi sebagai cacat seperti permukaan material yang tidak rata, kebocoran, kerataan, dan goresan pada produk. Rekomendasi perbaikan yang diusulkan antara lain penambahan waktu pengelasan dan pemberian support selama pengelasan, serta pengecekan silang dimensi sebelum proses perakitan.