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Land disputes are civil disputes that are often filed by justice seekers in the District Court. Recently, many inheritance disputes often occur in families, the inheritance in question is in the form of movable and immovable property. This research aims to determine the process of resolving inheritance land disputes due to falsification of wills in district court and the inhibiting factors which are useful as a reference. The type of research used is empirical research, by interviewing plaintiffs, defendants and co-defendants in case decision no. 44/Pdt.G/2011/PN.Gtlo.The results of the research show that resolving inheritance land disputes resulting from forgery of wills through the District Court is preferred as a solution because it is an institution that provides the justice desired by the plaintiff and its decisions have permanent legal force. Inhibiting factors found in the research process, namely internal and external factors. Internal factors consist of lack of human resources, administrative services, and lack of facilities. And external factors consist of cost, time, good faith, lack of understanding of the parties, chaos in the trial, and lack of evidence. 

The crime of falsifying land certificates is an unlawful act that intends to take over the rights to land ownership from the victims. This land certificate forgery case is a rare or little case encountered by the General Criminal Investigation Directorate of the North Maluku Regional Police because so far the cases that have been entered are from reports of people who are victims of land certificate forgery. The purpose of this study is to know and analyze the form of law enforcement in the criminal act of land certificate forgery and also find out what are the obstacles experienced by police investigators of the Directorate of General Criminal Investigation of the North Maluku Regional Police when carrying out their duties as well as with efforts made by police officers, especially investigators to overcome obstacles in law enforcement of land certificate forgery crimes. The method used is in the form of an empirical juridical method with primary data sources that the author found through interviews with members as well as auxiliary investigators at the General Criminal Investigation Directorate of the North Maluku Regional Police along with secondary data. With data analysis methods in the form of qualitative analysis methods, where data obtained through collection methods such as interviews with resource persons and observation of reality in the field which will then be drawn conclusions. It should be noted that law enforcement in the crime of forgery of land certificates still has many obstacles such as loss of evidence, long summoning of witnesses, search and seizure permits and low legal error in the community.    

This study aims to identify and analyze the causes and legal consequences of falsifying a health certificate or a Rapid Test Covid-19 letter. This research is included in descriptive empirical research with data collection carried out through document studies and interviews, and is supported by primary legal materials in the form of applicable regulations and related to forgery of rapid test letters, secondary materials of law books and also legal journals related to forgery of letters rapid test. The data collected through research was analyzed qualitatively by arranging existing sentences so that they were easy to understand. The results of this study indicate that the factors that cause rapid test letter falsification are economic factors, time factors, factors of someone who wants to pass to travel outside the region, factors of intention and opportunity. The application of sanctions for perpetrators of crimes in the form of document forgery is generally regulated in the Criminal Code in Article 263 paragraph (1), so that criminal sanctions for perpetrators of forgery of rapid test letters are punishable by a maximum penalty of 6 (six) years in prison.

Surat berharga negara (SBN) adalah surat berharga yang diterbitkan oleh pemerintah pusat. Dalam penerbitan SBN tersebut, pemerintah menjamin pembayaran keuntungan secara berkala dan pengembalian nilai pokok investasi pada saat jatuh tempo. Adanya aplikasi yang mempermudah transaksi di pasar modal menjadi kan banyak investor memulai trading dipasar modal SBN berhasil menggaet beragam profesi dan generasi yaitu tingkat risiko yang rendah karena minimnya risiko gagal bayar.  Kelebihan SBN yaitu imbal hasil yang lebih tinggi dan pengenaan pajak yang lebih rendah dari bunga deposito.Keteledoran pihak pengelola SBN yang menerbitkan SBN di internet menjadikan peluang pihak yang tak bertanggungjawab untuk memalsukan SBN demi kepentingan pribadi.Pihak pengelola SBN menyatakan bahwa SBN yang asli diterbitkan dalam bentuk perdagangan tanpa warkat yang artinya tidak ada bentuk fisik berupa surat sertifikat saham atau obligasi atau hardcopy lainnya. SBN yang asli hanya diterbitkan oleh Pemerintah melalui Kementerian Keuangan (@KemenkeuRI) dan kepemilikan SBN dapat diketahui melalui Mitra Distribusi (Midis).

Counterfeiting of securities is a serious illegal act with the potential for significant legal consequences.  The author provides an in-depth review of the criminal law aspects associated with counterfeiting securities.  The aim of this research was to analyze and understand the legal framework governing counterfeiting of securities, including the criminal considerations and sanctions applied.  This study also explains the concept of counterfeiting securities and how this action violates applicable law.  In addition, this study also discusses the elements that must be present in an act of counterfeiting securities such as intentionality and the intention to make a profit.  Furthermore, this study also analyzes the penalties and sanctions that can be applied to perpetrators of counterfeiting securities.  In conclusion, this study emphasizes the importance of effective law enforcement in dealing with counterfeit securities.  Perpetrators of counterfeiting securities must be held responsible for the actions that have been taken and be faced with sanctions in accordance with applicable criminal law.

There are so many cases where the perpetrators are more than one person, which occur in our society. Often there is debate in imposing punishment on the direct makers and the indirect makers of criminal acts. To impose a sentence on a case, the judge must know which maker is directly or indirectly and bases his decision apart from the law and also considers the demands of the public prosecutor. Sometimes the perpetrators of the crime of participation are not touched at all by the law so that what they should be prosecuted by law is not even processed. The purpose of this study is to examine the criminal responsibility of the perpetrators of the crime of counterfeiting. The research conducted is normative legal research. Based on the results of the research the defendant was proven guilty of committing the crime of "making and using fake documents" as stipulated and subject to criminal penalties in Article 264 paragraph (1) of the 1st Criminal Code and second article 264 paragraph (2) of the Criminal Code. The crime of inclusion is regulated in Article 55 and Article 64 of the Criminal Code