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In general, school students buy snacks in the school canteen or street vendors (PKL) around the school. 2 The types of food sold are varied, ranging from healthy snacks to unhealthy snacks so that they can attract students to consume school snacks. Healthy snacks are foods that have sufficient and balanced nutrition and do not contain (contaminated) elements that can harm or damage health. This community service activity aims to educate healthy eating patterns to prevent food and drinks containing microbial contamination at Mariana Catholic High School, Medan. The method used is an educational approach through health counseling, interactive discussions, and demonstrations of hygienic practices, especially correct handwashing techniques and the importance of maintaining personal hygiene and the school environment. This activity was attended by 40 students as participants. The evaluation of the activity focused on one main indicator, namely student participation in hygienic behavior practices as a form of direct application of the material that has been given. The results of the activity showed that all participants (100%) followed the demonstrated hygienic practices, which indicates a very high level of participation and enthusiasm. These findings indicate that educational methods accompanied by hands-on practice are effective in increasing understanding and encouraging the adoption of clean and healthy living behaviors. Community service activities at Mariana Catholic High School in Medan have been shown to increase students' knowledge about the dangers of microbial contamination and the development of hygienic behaviors in daily life. Structured and ongoing education is an effective preventive measure to create a healthy and clean school environment.

This research aims to analyze collaboration strategies in educational services and identify the challenges and implications of implementing collaborative governance at the District Education and Culture Regional Coordinator Office (Korwilcambidik) in Bener District, Purworejo Regency. The research method used is descriptive qualitative, with data collection techniques including interviews, observation, and document study. The research findings indicate that cross-sector collaboration between government, educational institutions, and the community serves as an adaptive strategy for improving the effectiveness of public services in the field of education. Although the collaboration has been successful, there are still obstacles such as the lack of a formal legal basis, low levels of trust between agencies, and differences in interests and limited resources. Factors such as collaborative leadership, open communication, and community participation play an important role in maintaining the sustainability of cross-sectoral cooperation. This research concludes that the implementation of collaborative governance in the education sector has the potential to become an effective, transparent, and sustainable model of government governance if supported by institutional commitment and a trust-based work culture.

This study aims to analyze the strengthening of higher education governance in realizing transparent and accountable academic services. In the context of the globalization of higher education and increasing public accountability demands, universities are required not only to excel academically but also to provide services that are open, responsive, and accountable. This research employs a qualitative approach with a descriptive-analytical design. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observations, and documentation studies involving university leaders, academic administrators, lecturers, and students. Data analysis was conducted interactively through data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The results indicate that the principle of transparency has been implemented through digital-based academic information systems; however, consistency in updating information still needs improvement. Accountability has been supported by standard operating procedures and service evaluations, although performance measurement based on indicators has not been fully integrated. Stakeholder participation has been facilitated through evaluation forums, but involvement in strategic decision-making remains limited. Overall, the dimensions of transparency, accountability, participation, effectiveness, and responsibility are interrelated in shaping the quality of academic services. This study emphasizes that strengthening governance must be systemically internalized within organizational culture and institutional operational systems to enhance trust and stakeholder satisfaction.

This study aims to explore the phenomenon of fundraising conducted in the name of Buddhism and humanity in Kisaran City, North Sumatra, using a qualitative approach. Data was collected through direct observation, in-depth interviews with the participants, and document analysis related to the fundraising activities that had been conducted. The research findings show that fundraising is carried out in various forms, such as food donations, social activities, and online donations. All of these activities are rooted in Buddhist values, particularly dana (giving) and karuna (compassion). The use of digital technology, especially online donation platforms, has increased community participation and transparency in the fundraising process. However, the study also identified challenges such as the lack of accountability in managing the funds and the risk of misuse that could undermine public trust. In this context, transparency and active community involvement are essential to building trust and ensuring the effectiveness of religious philanthropy. The study concludes that the sustainability of Buddhist fundraising practices in modern society can be achieved by combining spiritual integrity, good governance, and appropriate technology adaptation. Through this holistic approach, Buddhism-based fundraising can remain relevant and effective in supporting humanitarian activities in the digital age.

This study explores how the drafting process of the Bill (RUU) for the Revision of the Indonesian National Armed Forces (TNI), which was approved to become Law Number 3 of 2025, occurred amidst massive public protests, with an emphasis on violations of the principles of openness, participation, and accountability as regulated in the 1945 Constitution and Law Number 12 of 2011 concerning the Formation of Legislative Regulations. The public's rejection illustrates the potential for abusive law making, threats to civilian dominance, and the possibility of a return to the dual function of the military from the New Order period, supported by protests, petitions from civil society organizations such as NU, WALHI, and KONTRAS, as well as an application for constitutional review to the Constitutional Court. Adopting the perspective of Habermas’s theory of deliberative democracy and Weber’s concept of legitimacy, this research asserts that the argument for the annulment of this Bill is growing stronger, in order to uphold democratic law making and the protection of human rights.

This research investigates the execution of data-informed and inclusive regional development planning within the Regional Development Planning Agency (Bappeda) of Sidoarjo Regency, concentrating on four analytical aspects: data integration and management abilities, the efficiency of participatory processes, technical and institutional obstacles concerning interoperability, and capacity-building strategies for facilitators tasked with translating public aspirations into planning priorities. The study is positioned within the national framework to establish evidence-based and participatory planning in reaction to the growing complexity regional development. Despite Bappeda Sidoarjo implementing multiple data platforms and participatory channels such Musrenbang forums, online submission systems, and sector-specific information systems the results indicate that issues like data fragmentation, insufficient digital literacy, and ineffective follow-up mechanisms continue to impede planning effectiveness. Employing qualitative methodology that includes in-depth interviews, observation, and document review, the research reveals that data integration has not reached single source of truth because of the lack of a cohesive data architecture and compatible standards among government entities. Participatory methods have increased inclusivity, but the quality of proposals and verification processes is still variable, hindering the incorporation of grassroots feedback into planning priorities. Moreover, the ability of facilitators the subdistrict and village levels is crucial in determining the quality of the compiled proposals. The research ends by highlighting the importance of improved data governance, increased actor capability, revised participatory processes, and clear follow-up mechanisms. Suggestions encompass constructing a unified data framework, offering ongoing technical training, standardizing digital Musrenbang processes, and establishing publicly available proposal-tracking system integrated within the yearly planning cycle.

Food tourism is increasingly recognized as a strategic component in enhancing the competitiveness of tourism destinations, particularly thru the development of local cuisine based on local wisdom. However, most research still views digital platforms as partial promotional tools and has not yet studied how to use them systematically to build a sustainable culinary tourism ecosystem. The purpose of this study is to examine how digital platforms contribute to the development of local cuisine and how they contribute to the strengthening of sustainable culinary tourism. This is the culinary tourism destination that is the subject of this study, which was conducted using the case study method. Data was collected thru in-depth interviews with culinary MSME producers, destination managers, and tourists, as well as online observations via social media, travel review platforms, and culinary markets. The research results show that the value of tourism experiences can be enhanced, destination identity strengthened, and active participation of local SMEs increased thru the integration of digital platforms that connect visual promotion, tourist interaction, and digital culinary stories. The latest finding in this research is the development of a multi-platform digital integration model that serves not only as a marketing tool but also as a collaborative ecosystem that helps local economic growth, preserves culinary cultural heritage, and enhances the competitiveness of tourist destinations. The results of this research contribute conceptually and practically to building sustainable digital-based culinary tourism strategies.

This research aims to normatively analyze the role and implementation of public participation in the legislative process, specifically concerning the formation of the Indonesian National Armed Forces (TNI) Law. Public participation is an essential principle in a democratic state, ensuring the legitimacy, transparency, and accountability of legal products. This normative review focuses on the legal framework governing community participation in law making, as mandated by the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia and related regulations. The analysis reveals a gap between the ideal normative principle of meaningful participation and the empirical practice in the legislation of the TNI Law. Legislative processes involving the defense and security sector are often overshadowed by issues of secrecy and limited information accessibility, thereby impeding substantial public participation. It is necessary to strengthen the regulatory framework and establish more open, inclusive, and continuous mechanisms to ensure that public aspirations and interests, including those of civil society groups and academics, are adequately considered at every stage of law formation, especially for strategic legislation like the TNI Law.

Growing life expectancy continues to shift global demographic patterns and significantly increase the proportion of older adults, thereby creating an urgent need for innovative programs that promote wellbeing, maintain functional capacity, and encourage meaningful social participation. This community service initiative aimed to strengthen both motor and cognitive function among older adults through structured and interactive board game activities designed to stimulate thinking, coordination, and social interaction. The program employed a mixed descriptive approach, utilizing interviews, direct observation, and brief assessments conducted before and after the intervention period. Cognitive status was measured using the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), while muscle strength was assessed through Manual Muscle Testing (MMT) to capture changes in physical performance. Quantitative analysis revealed no statistically significant differences between pre-test and post-test scores (p > 0.05). Nevertheless, qualitative findings demonstrated meaningful positive changes, including increased motivation, more active participation, improved emotional responsiveness, enhanced social interaction, and greater awareness of brain–body coordination among participants. These findings indicate that although short-term measurable changes were limited, board game–based activities can provide valuable psychosocial benefits. When implemented repeatedly and consistently as part of routine programs, such activities may contribute to maintaining cognitive engagement, supporting emotional wellbeing, and fostering a more active and participatory lifestyle among older adults.

Belawa Village, located in Lemahabang District, Cirebon Regency, West Java, is famous for the Labi-labi Belawa tourist attraction. This study aims to develop a sustainable tourism village at the Cikuya Tourist Attraction in Belawa Village. This model is expected to be an integrated solution to support the implementation of sustainable tourism. The research method used is descriptive qualitative, with quantitative data analysis. The results of the study show that the implementation of sustainable tourism in Cikuya is evident through environmental preservation and the conservation of the Belawa turtle habitat. Although the management is not yet optimal, there are practices of utilizing organic waste, such as chicken manure for animal feed and coconut shells for souvenirs, supporting the circular economy concept. Community participation in cultural activities also supports the social and cultural aspects of sustainable tourism, although it is still incidental and has not yet been programmed sustainably. However, the implementation of sustainable tourism in Cikuya is not yet fully optimal, despite having strong natural and conservation potential. Structural and operational barriers, such as accessibility, human resources, institutional governance, economy, socio-culture, and policy support, affect the effectiveness of applying sustainability principles.

The Islamic insurance industry in Indonesia, including in the city of Medan, continues to face various challenges, one of which is the low level of public participation in using Islamic insurance products. Public decisions to choose Islamic insurance are influenced not only by economic factors but also by non-economic factors, such as the level of religiosity, Islamic financial literacy, and trust in insurance service providers. This study aims to examine in depth the role of religiosity, financial literacy, and trust in influencing public decisions regarding the use of Islamic insurance in Medan City. This research employs a qualitative approach by utilizing secondary data obtained from reports of the Financial Services Authority (OJK), the Central Statistics Agency (BPS), fatwas issued by the National Sharia Council of the Indonesian Ulema Council (DSN-MUI), as well as relevant national and international scholarly articles. Data analysis was conducted using content analysis techniques to obtain a comprehensive understanding of public behavior, perceptions, and preferences. The findings indicate that religiosity plays a role in increasing awareness of the importance of financial products that comply with sharia principles, financial literacy strengthens public understanding of the benefits and mechanisms of Islamic insurance, while trust emerges as the key factor most decisively influencing decision-making. These findings are expected to serve as a reference for formulating strategies to enhance public literacy and trust in Islamic insurance in Medan City.

The growing demand for transparency, accountability, and measurable performance has transformed higher education institutions into complex public organizations required to deliver reliable and stakeholder-oriented services. Within this governance-driven environment, institutional governance plays a fundamental role in shaping service excellence and institutional legitimacy. Drawing on a public administration perspective, this study examines how governance dimensions influence academic service performance in higher education. This research employs a qualitative descriptive-analytical design. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, document analysis, and institutional observations involving university leaders, academic administrators, faculty members, and students. The analysis focuses on governance dimensions—transparency, accountability, participation, effectiveness, and responsibility—and their integration into institutional systems such as performance management, quality assurance, and digital infrastructure. The findings reveal that governance frameworks are formally established through regulations and digital systems; however, their operational integration remains uneven. Transparency improves service reliability when supported by consistent information management, while accountability mechanisms tend to emphasize procedural compliance rather than performance-based evaluation. Stakeholder participation is institutionalized but largely consultative. The study concludes that service excellence in higher education is a governance-driven outcome that requires systemic alignment between governance principles, institutional capacity, and performance management processes. Strengthened governance integration enhances service reliability and institutional legitimacy.

The rapid development of urban areas has created significant challenges in mobility, particularly the increasing use of private motor vehicles, which contributes to traffic congestion, air pollution, greenhouse gas emissions, and a decline in the quality of urban life. Sustainable transportation emerges as a solution by emphasizing the balance between environmental, social, and economic aspects through the use of eco-friendly modes such as public transport, walking, and cycling. However, the adoption rate of these modes remains relatively low due to perceptions of convenience, car-oriented culture, and limited environmental awareness. This study aims to analyze the implementation of sustainable transportation education as a strategy to raise urban communities’ awareness of eco-friendly mobility. The research employs a qualitative approach with descriptive analysis based on literature studies. Findings indicate that the use of digital media, social campaigns, and community participation plays a crucial role in shaping positive attitudes, new social norms, and pro-environmental behavior. Effective education not only delivers information but also builds values, norms, and new habits that support sustainable mobility. Furthermore, multi-stakeholder collaboration among government, communities, and the private sector strengthens the effectiveness of educational programs. Evaluation results show that continuous education enhances transportation literacy, ecological awareness, and urban quality of life. Thus, the implementation of sustainable transportation education serves as a strategic foundation for transforming urban mobility toward a healthier, inclusive, and equitable transportation system.

This study aimed to analyze the implementation of policies prohibiting illegal fishing practices involving the use of explosives, poisons, and electric shock devices in Sanga-Sanga District, Kutai Kartanegara Regency. Although regulations and extension activities related to the prohibition have been established, illegal fishing practices continue to occur as of 2025. The findings reveal that some fishermen still use poison and electric shock due to economic reasons and the perception that these methods yield greater catches. However, such actions cause losses to other fishermen by reducing the quality of the catch and damaging the aquatic ecosystem. The community is aware of these violations but is reluctant to report them due to fear of threats from the perpetrators. Efforts by fisheries extension officers to establish community-based surveillance groups (Pokmaswas) have not been optimal due to low public participation. Collaboration between provincial fisheries supervisors and the local marine police (Polairud) has resulted in joint patrols that successfully apprehended two perpetrators of illegal fishing, yet law enforcement has not produced a deterrent effect. Moreover, the program to replace destructive fishing gear with environmentally friendly alternatives for fishermen willing to transition has not been realized due to budget constraints. Based on these findings, it is necessary to strengthen integrated surveillance, provide legal protection for whistleblowers, accelerate the implementation of sustainable fishing gear programs, and enhance public awareness of legal and ecological issues.

This article explores the implementation of a Community Service Program (KKN) carried out by students from the Faculty of Teacher Training and Education at Unismuh Makassar with the objective of improving reading and writing skills among students at SMP Negeri 2 Galesong. The KKN activities were specifically designed to strengthen literacy development through various programs, including the cultivation of daily reading habits, the establishment of literacy corners in classrooms, and creative writing training aimed at encouraging students to express ideas in written form. This study employed a descriptive qualitative approach, with data collected through direct observation, interviews with teachers and students, and documentation of literacy activities. The results indicate a significant increase in students’ interest and motivation in reading activities, as well as more active participation during literacy sessions. In addition, students demonstrated improvement in the quality of simple written texts, particularly in terms of idea organization and expression. Overall, the implementation of the KKN program proved effective in supporting the development of a positive literacy culture and enhancing students’ basic literacy skills within the school environment.

This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the application of direct and indirect methods in teaching English, specifically the topic of "Telling Time," at MTs Al-Amiriyyah through microteaching practice. This research employs a descriptive qualitative approach with data collection techniques including observation, interviews, and documentation. The research subjects consist of an English teacher and the students of class VIII A. The data were thematically analyzed to identify significant patterns in the teaching process. The findings indicate that the direct method is effective in building students' foundational understanding of time concepts, as it emphasizes explicit and concrete use of the target language and allows teachers to easily assess students' comprehension through drilling. On the other hand, the indirect method proved to enhance students’ ability to use English more naturally through contextual activities such as role play and daily schedule games. Moreover, students with kinesthetic learning styles responded more positively to the indirect method, as it enables them to learn through physical activity and direct participation. These findings suggest that a combination of both methods yields optimal results: the direct method is effective for the initial stage of concept acquisition, while the indirect method supports the development of communicative skills in a functional and enjoyable manner, aligning with students' characteristics.

This study analyzes the legal framework and social implications of the modification licensing process in customary buildings. Modifications are often carried out in response to modernization, material changes, and contemporary functional needs, which have the potential to clash with efforts to preserve cultural values and local wisdom. Using a qualitative approach with case studies in several indigenous villages in Indonesia, data was collected through in-depth interviews, observations, and review of licensing documents and related policies. The results of the study show that there is a tension between formal licensing laws (such as Building Permits/IMB) and customary laws that apply in local communities. An effective licensing process requires intensive dialogue and collaboration between local government authorities, customary institutions, and building owners to ensure modifications still respect the values contained in cultural heritage. The study recommends a flexible and consultation-based licensing framework that harmoniously integrates positive legal aspects and customary norms, while promoting community awareness and participation in heritage conservation.

This article explores the implementation of a Community Service Program (KKN) carried out by students from the Faculty of Teacher Training and Education at Unismuh Makassar with the objective of improving reading and writing skills among students at SMP Negeri 2 Galesong. The KKN activities were specifically designed to strengthen literacy development through various programs, including the cultivation of daily reading habits, the establishment of literacy corners in classrooms, and creative writing training aimed at encouraging students to express ideas in written form. This study employed a descriptive qualitative approach, with data collected through direct observation, interviews with teachers and students, and documentation of literacy activities. The results indicate a significant increase in students’ interest and motivation in reading activities, as well as more active participation during literacy sessions. In addition, students demonstrated improvement in the quality of simple written texts, particularly in terms of idea organization and expression. Overall, the implementation of the KKN program proved effective in supporting the development of a positive literacy culture and enhancing students’ basic literacy skills within the school environment.

The practice of fishing using bombs (blast fishing) presents a serious threat to marine ecosystems and the sustainability of coastal communities' livelihoods. Law enforcement against these violations faces complex challenges, especially in large areas of water with limited fleet and patrol personnel. Perpetrators who move quickly and change locations, coupled with the lack of reports from the public due to fear or social ties, further complicate enforcement efforts. In addition, access to hidden locations and coordination between law enforcement agencies that are not optimal are also the main obstacles. Global studies confirm that the lack of effective law enforcement and adequate governance is a significant driver of these destructive practices, even beyond socio-economic factors. Therefore, a comprehensive strategy is needed that includes strengthening integrated marine patrols on a regular basis, imposing strict sanctions, increasing socialization of the dangers of fish bombs, and the active involvement of coastal communities as supervisors. A synergistic approach between law enforcement officials and local communities, combining prevention and joint management measures, is key to achieving effective marine conservation and sustainable management of fishery resources.

In response to the escalating challenge of packaging waste in the beauty industry, The Body Shop Indonesia has implemented a Green Marketing Mix through its Bring Back Our Bottles (BBOB) and Refill Station programs. This study aims to analyze the strategic implementation of this approach, assess consumer perceptions and engagement, and explore the inherent challenges and opportunities for future development. Employing a qualitative case study approach, the research collected data from five respondents who are The Body Shop consumers with prior participation in either the BBOB or Refill Station programs. Data were gathered through semi-structured interviews, observation, and a comprehensive literature review. Thematic analysis was subsequently performed, with findings validated through source and method triangulation. The results indicate that The Body Shop’s Green Marketing Mix has been effectively implemented, particularly in the elements of product (environmentally friendly packaging), promotion (campaigns via digital and print media), and physical evidence (store design that promotes a natural ambiance). Despite positive consumer responses and a strengthened brand image, persistent obstacles were identified, including limited access to program locations and insufficient information dissemination. The programs were found to be effective in enhancing customer loyalty and hold significant potential for expansion, particularly through targeted education and collaborative initiatives with youth communities. This study recommends expanding the programs’ geographical coverage, strengthening digital communication, and establishing strategic community partnerships. The findings are expected to make a meaningful contribution to the development of sustainable green marketing strategies within the beauty industry.